哈尔滨市土地生态经济系统分析
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摘要
从系统论角度来看,土地不仅是一个生态系统也是一个经济系统。这两大系统不断地对物流、能流、价值流和信息流进行交换,发展土地生态经济是社会和谐与经济建设的必然选择。随着世界范围内经济的持续快速发展,人口的急剧增长及城市化进程的加快,由此而产生人口剧增、环境污染、资源短缺、生态破坏等一系列问题,土地生态经济系统的安全正受到严峻挑战,土地生态经济系统的研究也成为当前土地资源可持续利用研究的前沿课题。但土地生态经济研究还处于初级阶段,相关的研究并不多见,土地生态经济系统评价的理论还处于探索阶段,评价指标体系建立及分析方法仍是研究的难点问题。
文章在对国内外关于土地生态经济系统研究现状进行综述后,提出本文的研究内容、方法等。本文首先从对土地、生态、经济以及系统论等相关概念的界定开始,然后介绍了文章的理论基础,即土地生态经济理论、生态足迹模型统计分析方法等。随后在上述原理指导下,设计了土地生态经济系统研究框架和思路,包括平行系统对比分析、现状分析、综合评价分析、子系统分析等环节。
在此基础上,文章针对哈尔滨土地生态经济系统上述设计的流程逐步分析和建立模型。首先是对黑龙江土地生态经济系统进行宏观评价,通过同平行子系统的对比,得出哈尔滨市土地生态经济主要影响因素,并建立了哈尔滨生态足迹模型、土地生态经济系统综合评价模型评价模型,为后续整合工作开展奠定基础。接着文章详细的对哈尔滨市土地生态经济子系统进行分辨,对子系统影响因子进行分析、整合。并在文章的最后给出哈尔滨土地生态经济系统可持续发展意见。
在研究过程中,本文全面借鉴已有的研究成果,深入挖掘土地生态经济理论、系统论,并借助统计分析相关理论和知识,将论文的研究深植于哈尔滨市土地生态经济系统可持续发展建设当中,在此基础上系统提出了哈尔滨市土地生态经济系统研究框架及其对策体系,完整设计了哈尔滨土地生态经济系统各子系统的评价分析和整合流程,使本文在理论上有所创新的同时,在实践中也能够发挥重大的现实作用。
From the perspective of ecological economics, urban land is not only an eco-system is an economic system. Between the systems, logistics, energy flow, value stream and the flow of information is exchanging, development of urban land eco-economy is the inevitable choice of social harmony and economic development. Population explosion, environmental pollution, resource shortage, these problems are damaging the security of the land ecological economic system. The land ecological economic system research also becomes the sustainable frontier utilization of land resources. But the land ecological economic research is still in its infancy and related research is still few and far between, land ecological economic system evaluation theory is still in the stage of exploration and evaluation index system and the analysis method of study is still a difficult problem.
The paper discusses the studies on land ecological economic system then brings up the study content and method etc of this paper. This paper studies from definition of the land, ecology and economic theory and the related articles, then introduces the theory basis of this paper including system theory, the ecological footprint and statistical analysis method. Based on these theories, the frame and the parallel system study are established, which are comprised of analysis and establishment of comprehensive evaluation analysis, the current situation analyze, subsystem analysis and establishment of land ecological economic system mechanism.
On the basis of the foresaid procedure, this paper starts to analyze the Harbin land ecological economic system step by step and establish the analysis model. First of all, analysis the Heilongjiang land ecological economic system. with the macro assessment by comparison of subsystem, and analysis the main factors affecting, then established the ecological footprint model to do the current situation analyze and the land ecological economic system, which provide the basis for the integration hereinafter. Finally, we differentiate the land ecological economy subsystem of Harbin resolution, analyze their influence factor analysis and integration, and come out with the suggestions of Harbin land ecological economic system development.
In the process of research, this paper comprehensively reference of the existing research results, and further study the land ecological economic theory, system theory and statistical analysis of relevant theories and knowledge, the thesis deeply rooted in Harbin City Land ecological and economic system, in-depth excavation of land ecological and economic theory, system theory, and with statistical analysis of relevant theories and knowledge. based on the study the system suggestions are proposed in Harbin land eco-economic system framework and its countermeasures system, complete the design of the Harbin land eco-economic system and subsystem evaluation.systematically brought up the theory study framework and countermeasure system of land eco-economic system, totally designed the pattern, path and running mechanism of the system, to make the study play an important role in the practice while innovating in theory.
文章在对国内外关于土地生态经济系统研究现状进行综述后,提出本文的研究内容、方法等。本文首先从对土地、生态、经济以及系统论等相关概念的界定开始,然后介绍了文章的理论基础,即土地生态经济理论、生态足迹模型统计分析方法等。随后在上述原理指导下,设计了土地生态经济系统研究框架和思路,包括平行系统对比分析、现状分析、综合评价分析、子系统分析等环节。
在此基础上,文章针对哈尔滨土地生态经济系统上述设计的流程逐步分析和建立模型。首先是对黑龙江土地生态经济系统进行宏观评价,通过同平行子系统的对比,得出哈尔滨市土地生态经济主要影响因素,并建立了哈尔滨生态足迹模型、土地生态经济系统综合评价模型评价模型,为后续整合工作开展奠定基础。接着文章详细的对哈尔滨市土地生态经济子系统进行分辨,对子系统影响因子进行分析、整合。并在文章的最后给出哈尔滨土地生态经济系统可持续发展意见。
在研究过程中,本文全面借鉴已有的研究成果,深入挖掘土地生态经济理论、系统论,并借助统计分析相关理论和知识,将论文的研究深植于哈尔滨市土地生态经济系统可持续发展建设当中,在此基础上系统提出了哈尔滨市土地生态经济系统研究框架及其对策体系,完整设计了哈尔滨土地生态经济系统各子系统的评价分析和整合流程,使本文在理论上有所创新的同时,在实践中也能够发挥重大的现实作用。
From the perspective of ecological economics, urban land is not only an eco-system is an economic system. Between the systems, logistics, energy flow, value stream and the flow of information is exchanging, development of urban land eco-economy is the inevitable choice of social harmony and economic development. Population explosion, environmental pollution, resource shortage, these problems are damaging the security of the land ecological economic system. The land ecological economic system research also becomes the sustainable frontier utilization of land resources. But the land ecological economic research is still in its infancy and related research is still few and far between, land ecological economic system evaluation theory is still in the stage of exploration and evaluation index system and the analysis method of study is still a difficult problem.
The paper discusses the studies on land ecological economic system then brings up the study content and method etc of this paper. This paper studies from definition of the land, ecology and economic theory and the related articles, then introduces the theory basis of this paper including system theory, the ecological footprint and statistical analysis method. Based on these theories, the frame and the parallel system study are established, which are comprised of analysis and establishment of comprehensive evaluation analysis, the current situation analyze, subsystem analysis and establishment of land ecological economic system mechanism.
On the basis of the foresaid procedure, this paper starts to analyze the Harbin land ecological economic system step by step and establish the analysis model. First of all, analysis the Heilongjiang land ecological economic system. with the macro assessment by comparison of subsystem, and analysis the main factors affecting, then established the ecological footprint model to do the current situation analyze and the land ecological economic system, which provide the basis for the integration hereinafter. Finally, we differentiate the land ecological economy subsystem of Harbin resolution, analyze their influence factor analysis and integration, and come out with the suggestions of Harbin land ecological economic system development.
In the process of research, this paper comprehensively reference of the existing research results, and further study the land ecological economic theory, system theory and statistical analysis of relevant theories and knowledge, the thesis deeply rooted in Harbin City Land ecological and economic system, in-depth excavation of land ecological and economic theory, system theory, and with statistical analysis of relevant theories and knowledge. based on the study the system suggestions are proposed in Harbin land eco-economic system framework and its countermeasures system, complete the design of the Harbin land eco-economic system and subsystem evaluation.systematically brought up the theory study framework and countermeasure system of land eco-economic system, totally designed the pattern, path and running mechanism of the system, to make the study play an important role in the practice while innovating in theory.
引文
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10 Rapport D J. What constitute ecosystem health.Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 1999,33:120-132
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12 Trimble S W, Crosson PUS.Soil erosion rates-myth and reality .Science. 2000 (289):248-250.
13 Solomon, D, Lehmann, J, Zech W.Land use dffects on soil organic matter properties of chromic Luvisols in the semiarid tropies: Carbon, nitrogen, ligin and carbohydrates. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 2000(78)
14 Rusmussen PE, Goulding K W, etal.Long-term Agriecosystem Experiments: Assessing Agricultural Sustainability and Global Change. Science. 1998(282): 893-896.
15 Birkett Rapport Feamework for identifying and classifying ecosystem dysfunctions.Environment, 1998, 18: 15-25.
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19 Alfrede Hartmink.Soil chemical land physical properties as indicators of sustainable land management under sugarcane in Papua New Guinea.Geoderma,1998:85(4)
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2李玉凤,高长元.黑龙江省产业结构变动效应分析.统计与决策, 2008,(06)
3中国统计年鉴2005-2009.中国统计出版社
4黑龙江统计年鉴2005-2009 .中国统计出版社
5区域结构分析与政策调整—《黑龙江经济结构分析》.学习与探索, 2006, (06)
6 Wackernagel M.How sustainable are our choices? http://www.ire.ubc.ca/ecresearch /ecpftpr.html/2009
7王玉波,雷国平,唐莹,王静.统筹黑龙江省土地利用分区与战略对策研究.地理与地理信息科学, 2008, (02)
8刘小芳.哈尔滨市土地资源可持续利用研究.哈尔滨工业大学, 2008
9 Aguilar B J.Applieations of ecosystem health for the sustainability of managed systems in CostaRiea.Ecosystem Health. 2009. 5(2):36-48
10 Rapport D J. What constitute ecosystem health.Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 1999,33:120-132
11宇振荣,辛德惠.土地利用系统规划和设计方法探讨.自然资源学报,1994(2)
12 Trimble S W, Crosson PUS.Soil erosion rates-myth and reality .Science. 2000 (289):248-250.
13 Solomon, D, Lehmann, J, Zech W.Land use dffects on soil organic matter properties of chromic Luvisols in the semiarid tropies: Carbon, nitrogen, ligin and carbohydrates. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 2000(78)
14 Rusmussen PE, Goulding K W, etal.Long-term Agriecosystem Experiments: Assessing Agricultural Sustainability and Global Change. Science. 1998(282): 893-896.
15 Birkett Rapport Feamework for identifying and classifying ecosystem dysfunctions.Environment, 1998, 18: 15-25.
16 Kaplan,S.Cognitive maps:Human needs and the designed environment.In Environmental Design Research,1973:13~18
17 Richey J E, Nobre C.Amazon River discharge and climate variability: 1903-1985. Science. 1989(246):101-103
18 Christopher PC.Allocation rules for land division.Journal of Economic Theory,2005,121(2):236-258
19 Alfrede Hartmink.Soil chemical land physical properties as indicators of sustainable land management under sugarcane in Papua New Guinea.Geoderma,1998:85(4)
20 De Groot RS. A typology for the classification and valuation of ecosystem functions.goods and services.Ecological Economics. 2002, 7(4):121-126.
21 Rapport D J. Whitford W G. How ecosystems respond to stress: common propertics of arid and aquatic system Bio-Science, 1989, 49:193-203.
22 Rapport D J.Costanza R.Epatein P R, et al.Ecosystem Health.Oxfod:Blackwell Science, 1998, 3-16.
23 Rapport D J. Ecosystem Health.Oxford: Blackwell Science, 1998, 1~356.
24 Rapport D J. Evolution of indicatorsofecosystem health. In: DanielH Ecological Indicators.Barking: ElsevierSciencePublishers
25 Folke C, Jansson A, larsson J.1997.Ecosystem appropriation by cities. Ambio, 26(3):167-172.
26 GuidottiT.Urban Ecosystem health:a new compass. Point for ecosystem health.In the 3rd international course ecosystem health Ecosystem health-new thinking for new challenges.2003.
27 Pirages, DC,Degeest TM.Eeological Security: An Evolutionary Perspeetive on Globalization.NewYork: Bowman & Littlefield Publishers,2004.
28 Odum, E.P. Ecology: The link between the natural and social sciences .New York:olt-Saunders.1999
29 Wackernagel M,Moran D,White S.Ecological footprint accounts.for advancing sustainability: measuring human demands on nature In Lawn P(eds.): sustainable development indicators inecological economies. USA:Edward Elgar publishing,Ine.2006,247-267
30 Rees WE. Ecological footprint and appropriated carrying capacity:what urban economics Leaves out .Environment and Urbanization 1992 4(2):121一130.
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