城市破损山体景观修复研究
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摘要
随着城市化进程的加快,越来越多的破损山体进入到城市规划和建成区的范围内,已然对城市环境安全和生态景观产生了较大的影响,不仅造成了大量陡坡岩面裸露,恶化了城市自然生态环境,而且还带来了坍塌、滑坡等安全隐患,成为城市建设发展中亟待解决的问题。
城市破损山体的生态修复与绿化景观营造对改善城市环境质量和提高景观效果具有重要作用,本文首先明确了城市破损山体的概念和分类,归纳了国内外破损山体修复相关的研究现状,从生态环境和景观效果的角度出发,对济南城市破损山体现状及修复情况进行了调查分析,从修复技术方法、植被选择及生长状况、景观配置模式方面对城市破损山体的修复进行总结分析,并提出城市破损山体修复中存在的问题。
通过对济南奥体中心周边破损山体修复实例的测查分析,本文针对三种破损山体类型分别提出了相应的生态修复与景观营造模式,经过两年的观察调研,总结推荐出适合于不同山体边坡类型的修复方法技术与景观营造模式：土质边坡采用台地续坡和削坡法进行地形改造并选用侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)×悬铃木(Platanus acerifolia)×紫叶李(Prunus ceraiferd)×大叶黄杨(Buxus megistophylla)及油松(Pinus tabuliformis)×银杏(Ginkgo biloba)×木槿(Hibiscus syriacus)×红叶石楠(Photinia serrulata)两种植物优化配置模式；石质边坡采用平立面结合植物种植、削坡砌台、挂网喷播植草等方法,推荐油松(Pinus tabuliformis)×栾树(Koelreuteria paniculata)×玉兰(Magnolia.denudata)×青杆(Picea wilsonii)×鸡爪槭(Acer palmatum)和侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)×银杏(Ginkgo biloba)×鸡爪槭(Acer palmatum)×棣棠(Kerria japonica)×紫叶小檗(Berberis thunbergii cv. atropurpurea)两种配置组合以及挂网喷播中甘菊(Matricariarecutita)×灰绿藜(Chenopodium glaucum)×臭蒿(Artemisia hedinii Ostenf)的种子优良组合；碎石及弃石边坡则采用台地续坡式修复法和削坡砌台法与挂网喷播法相结合的方法,推荐连翘(Forsythia suspensa)×淡竹(Phyllostachys glauca McClure)×青桐(Firmiana simplex)×鸡爪槭(Acer palmatum)×月季(Rose chinensis)和雪松((?)Cedrus deodara)×黄金槐(Sophora japonica 'Golden Stem')×紫叶碧桃(Prunus duplex)×棣棠(Kerria japonica)两种植物优化配置模式。
经过修复建设与养护管理,济南奥体中心周边破损山体的生态景观功能得到恢复提升。研究总结出的修复方法与景观营造模式,可为类似城区破损山体修复治理提供借鉴。
With the acceleration of the process of urbanization, more and more damaged mountains were classed into the range of urban, which has a big influence to the safety of urban environment and the landscape of urban ecology. It is becoming an important and urgent in development of urban construction because it has caused a large number of abrupt slopes and rocky slopes became bare and worsened the urban ecological environment, as well as security threats such as collapses and landslides.
The ecological restoration and landscape design of urban damaged mountains play an important role in improving urban environmental quality and landscape effects. This article firstly defines the concept and sorts of urban damaged mountains and then summarizes the related research status of the domestic and international. It from the perspectives of ecological environment and landscape effects, through investigation and analysis the current situation and restoration works of damaged mountains in Jinan, summarizes the restoration of urban damaged mountains in aspects of techniques and methods, selection and growth status of plants, as well as the modes of plants arrangement, and put forwards the problems which exist in the restoration of urban damaged mountains.
Through investigation and analysis of damaged mountains which surround Jinan Olympic Sports Center, this article divides three types of damaged mountains and proposes corresponding modes of restorations and landscape construction respectively. After two years' investigation and observation, it recommends some techniques of restoration and modes of restorations which are suitable to different types of damaged mountains.
The earth slope should use the technologies of continuing and cutting down the slope of platform for topographical reform and two modes of plants arrangement: Platycladus orientalis×Platanus acerifolia X Prunus ceraifera×Buxus megistophylla and Pinus tabuliformis×Ginkgo biloba×Hibiscus syriacus×Photinia serrulate; The rocky slope should use the technologies of plant cultivation on plant and elevation/ cutting down the slope of platform and building steps/Suspending net spray-sowing. It recommends three modes of plants arrangement:Pinus tabuliformis×Koelreuteria paniculata×Magnolia.denudata×Picea wilsonii×Acer palmatum and Platycladus orientalis×Ginkgo biloba×Acer palmatum×Kerria japonica×Berberis thunbergii cv. Atropurpurea and Matricariarecutita×Chenopodium glaucum×Artemisia hedinii Ostenf; The crushed and discarded slope should use the technologies of continuing the slope of platform/cutting down the slope of platform and building steps/Suspending net spray-sowing. It recommends two modes of plants arrangement:Forsythia suspensa×Phyllostachys glauca McClure×Firmiana simplex×Acer palmatum×Rose chinensis and Cedrus deodara×Sophora japonica 'Golden Stem'×Pruus duplex×Kerria japonica.
The function of ecological landscape of Jinan Olympic Sports Center damaged mountains has been enhanced through construction and maintenance. The research sums up the technologies of restoration and the modes of landscape design which provide examples and references for the ecological restoration and landscape design of similar urban damaged mountains.
城市破损山体的生态修复与绿化景观营造对改善城市环境质量和提高景观效果具有重要作用,本文首先明确了城市破损山体的概念和分类,归纳了国内外破损山体修复相关的研究现状,从生态环境和景观效果的角度出发,对济南城市破损山体现状及修复情况进行了调查分析,从修复技术方法、植被选择及生长状况、景观配置模式方面对城市破损山体的修复进行总结分析,并提出城市破损山体修复中存在的问题。
通过对济南奥体中心周边破损山体修复实例的测查分析,本文针对三种破损山体类型分别提出了相应的生态修复与景观营造模式,经过两年的观察调研,总结推荐出适合于不同山体边坡类型的修复方法技术与景观营造模式：土质边坡采用台地续坡和削坡法进行地形改造并选用侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)×悬铃木(Platanus acerifolia)×紫叶李(Prunus ceraiferd)×大叶黄杨(Buxus megistophylla)及油松(Pinus tabuliformis)×银杏(Ginkgo biloba)×木槿(Hibiscus syriacus)×红叶石楠(Photinia serrulata)两种植物优化配置模式；石质边坡采用平立面结合植物种植、削坡砌台、挂网喷播植草等方法,推荐油松(Pinus tabuliformis)×栾树(Koelreuteria paniculata)×玉兰(Magnolia.denudata)×青杆(Picea wilsonii)×鸡爪槭(Acer palmatum)和侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)×银杏(Ginkgo biloba)×鸡爪槭(Acer palmatum)×棣棠(Kerria japonica)×紫叶小檗(Berberis thunbergii cv. atropurpurea)两种配置组合以及挂网喷播中甘菊(Matricariarecutita)×灰绿藜(Chenopodium glaucum)×臭蒿(Artemisia hedinii Ostenf)的种子优良组合；碎石及弃石边坡则采用台地续坡式修复法和削坡砌台法与挂网喷播法相结合的方法,推荐连翘(Forsythia suspensa)×淡竹(Phyllostachys glauca McClure)×青桐(Firmiana simplex)×鸡爪槭(Acer palmatum)×月季(Rose chinensis)和雪松((?)Cedrus deodara)×黄金槐(Sophora japonica 'Golden Stem')×紫叶碧桃(Prunus duplex)×棣棠(Kerria japonica)两种植物优化配置模式。
经过修复建设与养护管理,济南奥体中心周边破损山体的生态景观功能得到恢复提升。研究总结出的修复方法与景观营造模式,可为类似城区破损山体修复治理提供借鉴。
With the acceleration of the process of urbanization, more and more damaged mountains were classed into the range of urban, which has a big influence to the safety of urban environment and the landscape of urban ecology. It is becoming an important and urgent in development of urban construction because it has caused a large number of abrupt slopes and rocky slopes became bare and worsened the urban ecological environment, as well as security threats such as collapses and landslides.
The ecological restoration and landscape design of urban damaged mountains play an important role in improving urban environmental quality and landscape effects. This article firstly defines the concept and sorts of urban damaged mountains and then summarizes the related research status of the domestic and international. It from the perspectives of ecological environment and landscape effects, through investigation and analysis the current situation and restoration works of damaged mountains in Jinan, summarizes the restoration of urban damaged mountains in aspects of techniques and methods, selection and growth status of plants, as well as the modes of plants arrangement, and put forwards the problems which exist in the restoration of urban damaged mountains.
Through investigation and analysis of damaged mountains which surround Jinan Olympic Sports Center, this article divides three types of damaged mountains and proposes corresponding modes of restorations and landscape construction respectively. After two years' investigation and observation, it recommends some techniques of restoration and modes of restorations which are suitable to different types of damaged mountains.
The earth slope should use the technologies of continuing and cutting down the slope of platform for topographical reform and two modes of plants arrangement: Platycladus orientalis×Platanus acerifolia X Prunus ceraifera×Buxus megistophylla and Pinus tabuliformis×Ginkgo biloba×Hibiscus syriacus×Photinia serrulate; The rocky slope should use the technologies of plant cultivation on plant and elevation/ cutting down the slope of platform and building steps/Suspending net spray-sowing. It recommends three modes of plants arrangement:Pinus tabuliformis×Koelreuteria paniculata×Magnolia.denudata×Picea wilsonii×Acer palmatum and Platycladus orientalis×Ginkgo biloba×Acer palmatum×Kerria japonica×Berberis thunbergii cv. Atropurpurea and Matricariarecutita×Chenopodium glaucum×Artemisia hedinii Ostenf; The crushed and discarded slope should use the technologies of continuing the slope of platform/cutting down the slope of platform and building steps/Suspending net spray-sowing. It recommends two modes of plants arrangement:Forsythia suspensa×Phyllostachys glauca McClure×Firmiana simplex×Acer palmatum×Rose chinensis and Cedrus deodara×Sophora japonica 'Golden Stem'×Pruus duplex×Kerria japonica.
The function of ecological landscape of Jinan Olympic Sports Center damaged mountains has been enhanced through construction and maintenance. The research sums up the technologies of restoration and the modes of landscape design which provide examples and references for the ecological restoration and landscape design of similar urban damaged mountains.
引文
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