矿山废弃地景观构建研究
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摘要
我国矿产资源丰富,是世界第三大矿业大国。矿业在我国城市化进程中起着至关重要的作用,为工业化进程具有不可磨灭的贡献,但随之也产生了一系列矿山废弃地。矿山废弃地是人类为获得矿产资源,而对土地进行剧烈改造形成的区域,是剧烈人为干扰下一种特殊的环境类型。其形成的主要原因是人类的采矿活动破坏和占用了大量土地,并且未经治理而无法使用。
在注重生态、社会与经济可持续发展的今天,如何对矿山废弃地进行改造与再利用,在最大程度上实现土地与景观资源的潜在价值,有效防治矿山地质灾害,较好地保留场地历史文化信息,发掘其在当今时代的价值,是国内外学者共同关注的热点之一。
本论文综合生态学、景观设计学、工程地质学、可持续发展理论等多学科的理论基础,系统分析了矿山废弃地这一新兴的景观类型及其景观构建的原则与方法策略。首先分析了矿山废弃地当前存在的问题、研究的必要性以及矿山废弃地景观构建相关的概念、特征等,总结了矿山废弃地景观构建的理论基础,进而对国内外成功的矿山废弃地景观改造项目进行综合分析与借鉴,归纳总结我国矿山废弃地景观构建的原则与方法策略,再将这些理论与方法策略运用到周台子铁矿区景观规划与设计的实践中。其中,新的价值观是矿山废弃地景观构建的基本原则,是对待矿山废弃地新的态度和理念的体现;成功案例的先进经验结合中国矿山废弃地的发展现状和特点,是当前中国矿山废弃地景观构建的主要途径和根本方法;相关专业技术的合理运用,是实现矿山废弃地景观构建的可行性保证。在对项目总体把握的基础上,结合场地现状,遵循生态性、场所性、安全性、可持续性等原则对周台子铁矿区进行景观规划与设计,重塑了自然山水的生态脉络、再造了自然生态景观;融合矿业与农耕文化,挖掘了场所精神;合理处理了消极景观,有效减少了潜在地质灾害;挖掘了废弃资源的价值,降低了景观设计的成本。从而,改善矿区人居环境、促进矿区工业、农业和生态环境的协调发展,实现了可持续发展的目标,并对今后矿山废弃地景观改造提供借鉴和参考。
Our country is the third largest country in mining industries with abundant mineral resources. Mining area plays an important role in the urbanization of our country, and makes indelible contribution for industrial process, but with a series of mining wasteland. Mining wasteland is an area that heavily reformed by human-being, who in order to obtain mineral resources. It is an special style of landscape that disturbed by human-beings haply. The main reason of reforming the abandoned mine is the land was destroyed and occupied by mineral activity which could not be used without managing.
While paying attention to ecological, social and economic sustainable development, how to transform the wasteland of mine and reuse, to the maximum extent of land and landscape resources to achieve the potential value of effective prevention and control geological disasters in mining, preserve historical and cultural sites information better, explore its value in the modern era, the common concern of scholars home and abroad is one of the hot.
This thesis systemically analysis the mining wasteland as an emerging transformation of the landscape types and their use of tactics, using the general ecology, restoration ecology, landscape study, geognosy, theory of sustainable development etc. basic theory. First of all, this thesis put forward the current problem, the requirement of study, the concept and features of the mining wasteland, as well as basic theory of landscape design; then carries out a comprehensive analysis of the transformation project of mining wasteland at home and abroad, summarizes the transformation model and practices. Then it makes a Landscape Transforming design of Chengde Zhoutaizi mineral area bring with the means and policy. Among them, establishment of new values which reflects the treatment of abandoned mineral area with new attitude and ideas is a basic principle. Advance experience of successful case with actuality and trait of mining wasteland in China is the main way to construct mining wasteland landscape. Manage nation in reason of Professional technique is the feasible guarantee to realize landscape construction of mining wasteland. Grasp on the basis of the overall project, with site status, follow the ecology, place, security, sustainability principles such as iron ore area weekly table landscape planning and design, remodeling of the natural landscape ecological context, recycling the natural ecological landscape; fusion mining and farming culture, and tap the spirit of place; rational treatment of the negative view, effectively reduce the potential geological hazards; mining the value of waste resources, reducing the cost of landscape design. Thus, to improve the mining area, living environment and promote mining industry, agriculture and eco-environmental development, to achieve the goal of sustainable development, and transformation of the future landscape of mining wasteland to provide references.
在注重生态、社会与经济可持续发展的今天,如何对矿山废弃地进行改造与再利用,在最大程度上实现土地与景观资源的潜在价值,有效防治矿山地质灾害,较好地保留场地历史文化信息,发掘其在当今时代的价值,是国内外学者共同关注的热点之一。
本论文综合生态学、景观设计学、工程地质学、可持续发展理论等多学科的理论基础,系统分析了矿山废弃地这一新兴的景观类型及其景观构建的原则与方法策略。首先分析了矿山废弃地当前存在的问题、研究的必要性以及矿山废弃地景观构建相关的概念、特征等,总结了矿山废弃地景观构建的理论基础,进而对国内外成功的矿山废弃地景观改造项目进行综合分析与借鉴,归纳总结我国矿山废弃地景观构建的原则与方法策略,再将这些理论与方法策略运用到周台子铁矿区景观规划与设计的实践中。其中,新的价值观是矿山废弃地景观构建的基本原则,是对待矿山废弃地新的态度和理念的体现;成功案例的先进经验结合中国矿山废弃地的发展现状和特点,是当前中国矿山废弃地景观构建的主要途径和根本方法;相关专业技术的合理运用,是实现矿山废弃地景观构建的可行性保证。在对项目总体把握的基础上,结合场地现状,遵循生态性、场所性、安全性、可持续性等原则对周台子铁矿区进行景观规划与设计,重塑了自然山水的生态脉络、再造了自然生态景观;融合矿业与农耕文化,挖掘了场所精神;合理处理了消极景观,有效减少了潜在地质灾害;挖掘了废弃资源的价值,降低了景观设计的成本。从而,改善矿区人居环境、促进矿区工业、农业和生态环境的协调发展,实现了可持续发展的目标,并对今后矿山废弃地景观改造提供借鉴和参考。
Our country is the third largest country in mining industries with abundant mineral resources. Mining area plays an important role in the urbanization of our country, and makes indelible contribution for industrial process, but with a series of mining wasteland. Mining wasteland is an area that heavily reformed by human-being, who in order to obtain mineral resources. It is an special style of landscape that disturbed by human-beings haply. The main reason of reforming the abandoned mine is the land was destroyed and occupied by mineral activity which could not be used without managing.
While paying attention to ecological, social and economic sustainable development, how to transform the wasteland of mine and reuse, to the maximum extent of land and landscape resources to achieve the potential value of effective prevention and control geological disasters in mining, preserve historical and cultural sites information better, explore its value in the modern era, the common concern of scholars home and abroad is one of the hot.
This thesis systemically analysis the mining wasteland as an emerging transformation of the landscape types and their use of tactics, using the general ecology, restoration ecology, landscape study, geognosy, theory of sustainable development etc. basic theory. First of all, this thesis put forward the current problem, the requirement of study, the concept and features of the mining wasteland, as well as basic theory of landscape design; then carries out a comprehensive analysis of the transformation project of mining wasteland at home and abroad, summarizes the transformation model and practices. Then it makes a Landscape Transforming design of Chengde Zhoutaizi mineral area bring with the means and policy. Among them, establishment of new values which reflects the treatment of abandoned mineral area with new attitude and ideas is a basic principle. Advance experience of successful case with actuality and trait of mining wasteland in China is the main way to construct mining wasteland landscape. Manage nation in reason of Professional technique is the feasible guarantee to realize landscape construction of mining wasteland. Grasp on the basis of the overall project, with site status, follow the ecology, place, security, sustainability principles such as iron ore area weekly table landscape planning and design, remodeling of the natural landscape ecological context, recycling the natural ecological landscape; fusion mining and farming culture, and tap the spirit of place; rational treatment of the negative view, effectively reduce the potential geological hazards; mining the value of waste resources, reducing the cost of landscape design. Thus, to improve the mining area, living environment and promote mining industry, agriculture and eco-environmental development, to achieve the goal of sustainable development, and transformation of the future landscape of mining wasteland to provide references.
引文
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