基于GIS的建设用地防灾适宜度多准则评价
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摘要
由于地质灾害对人类的生命和财产造成了严重的危害,决定了城市土地开发与利用的复杂性。因此,从防灾角度评价城市建设用地适宜度,对于一个城市用地开展防灾减灾工作十分必要的,也是对一个城市可持续发展至关重要。
在GIS技术平台上构建评价模型,将多准则评价方法应用于建设用地适宜度评价的防灾决策中,有助于提高决策分析的科学有效性,提高城市的防灾减灾能力。提出了应用于防灾决策的多准则评价方法,介绍了层次分析法(AHP)、研究了有序权重平均法(OWA)多准则评价方法和多目标决策分析。
以唐山市建筑用地防灾适宜度评价为例,通过对相关资料进行综合全面的分析,筛选出对研究对象起主导(或限制)作用的影响因子。采用BI和OWA多准则评价方法,从防灾的角度建立了唐山市不同目标建设用地适宜度评价模型。依据模型计算结果,介绍了居民用地和工业用地开发选址的几种方法,分析了多目标冲突区域。通过选取各个目标的适宜度阈值,利用目标之间的权重调节优先度实现多目标区域合并。分析了唐山市防灾建设用地的合理性并得出今后应加大西北部住宅区用地和周边地区工业建设用地的结论,为更好地利用有限的土地资源提拱了科学依据。
Geological disasters seriously harm people`s lives and property, the city`s land development and utilization is complex. Therefore, the evaluation of construction land based on disaster prevention is necessary both for the city`s disaster prevention work and sustainable development.
Evaluation model is established on GIS. Multi-criteria evaluation method is applied to decision-making of suitability evaluation of construction land for disaster prevention in city, which is good at scientifically managing and improving the ability of disaster prevention and reduction engineering in city. Multi-criteria evaluation based on GIS is produced, such as AHP, the implementing method of OWA multi-criteria evaluation methods and Multi-Objective Decision Making in GIS.
Construction land suitablity evaluation of Tangshan for disaster prevention is taken as an example. The factors dominating or constraining are screened out according to the analysis of the related data all over. BI and OWA are used for the different targets of construction land suitability evaluation of Tangshan for disaster prevention. Following the result of the modle, several ways of selecting the appropriate address for residential land and industrial land are introduced and the conflicting areas of multi-objectives are analyzed. According to selected suitability threshold of each objective, the fixed weight of each objectives regulate priority for merge multi-objective. The rationality of construction land for disaster prevention in Tangshan is analyzed and it is concluded that the north-west area for residential land and the surrounding area for industrial land should be increase in the future, so the scientific basis can be supplied for better utilization of limited land resources.
在GIS技术平台上构建评价模型,将多准则评价方法应用于建设用地适宜度评价的防灾决策中,有助于提高决策分析的科学有效性,提高城市的防灾减灾能力。提出了应用于防灾决策的多准则评价方法,介绍了层次分析法(AHP)、研究了有序权重平均法(OWA)多准则评价方法和多目标决策分析。
以唐山市建筑用地防灾适宜度评价为例,通过对相关资料进行综合全面的分析,筛选出对研究对象起主导(或限制)作用的影响因子。采用BI和OWA多准则评价方法,从防灾的角度建立了唐山市不同目标建设用地适宜度评价模型。依据模型计算结果,介绍了居民用地和工业用地开发选址的几种方法,分析了多目标冲突区域。通过选取各个目标的适宜度阈值,利用目标之间的权重调节优先度实现多目标区域合并。分析了唐山市防灾建设用地的合理性并得出今后应加大西北部住宅区用地和周边地区工业建设用地的结论,为更好地利用有限的土地资源提拱了科学依据。
Geological disasters seriously harm people`s lives and property, the city`s land development and utilization is complex. Therefore, the evaluation of construction land based on disaster prevention is necessary both for the city`s disaster prevention work and sustainable development.
Evaluation model is established on GIS. Multi-criteria evaluation method is applied to decision-making of suitability evaluation of construction land for disaster prevention in city, which is good at scientifically managing and improving the ability of disaster prevention and reduction engineering in city. Multi-criteria evaluation based on GIS is produced, such as AHP, the implementing method of OWA multi-criteria evaluation methods and Multi-Objective Decision Making in GIS.
Construction land suitablity evaluation of Tangshan for disaster prevention is taken as an example. The factors dominating or constraining are screened out according to the analysis of the related data all over. BI and OWA are used for the different targets of construction land suitability evaluation of Tangshan for disaster prevention. Following the result of the modle, several ways of selecting the appropriate address for residential land and industrial land are introduced and the conflicting areas of multi-objectives are analyzed. According to selected suitability threshold of each objective, the fixed weight of each objectives regulate priority for merge multi-objective. The rationality of construction land for disaster prevention in Tangshan is analyzed and it is concluded that the north-west area for residential land and the surrounding area for industrial land should be increase in the future, so the scientific basis can be supplied for better utilization of limited land resources.
引文
[1]邬伦,刘瑜,张晶.地理信息系统——原理、方法和应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[2]蓝荣欣.地理信息系统的发展现状和趋势[J].地理空间信息,2004, 2(1):9-12.
[3] Yager R R. On ordered weighted averaging aggregation operators in multi-criteria decision making [J]. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man Cybernetics, 1988,18 (1) :183 - 190.
[4] Yager R R. Quantifier guided aggregation using OWA operation [J]. International Journal of Intelligent Systems, 1996, 11(1):49-73.
[5]金磊.关于现代防灾减灾的两点思考[J].科技潮,2005,(2):18-20.
[6]陈为邦.防灾减灾城市可持续发展的需要[J].北京规划建设,1998,(5):9-10.
[7]贾抒.建立城市防灾减灾工作体系[J].中国减灾,2004,(12):21-22.
[8]何永年.中国减灾世纪行-让防灾减灾走向亿万民众[J].城市与减灾,2005,(4):30-31.
[9]陈为邦.城市是国家防灾减灾的中心和重点[J].城市发展研究,1998,(4):3-8.
[10] Salem C, Jean-Marc M. Enhancing geographical information system capabilities with multi-criteria evaluation functions [J]. Journal of Geographic Information and Decision Analysis, 2003, 7(2): 47-71.
[11] Jacek M. GIS-based land-use suitability analysis: a critical overview[J]. Progress in Planning, 2004, 6(2): 3-65.
[12]刘贵利.城乡结合部建设用地适宜性评价初探[J].地理研究,2000,19(1) :80-85.
[13]陈松林.基于GIS的荒地资源适宜性评价[J].福建地理,2001,16(1) :34-37.
[14]邱炳文,池天河,王钦敏,等. GIS在土地适宜性评价中的应用与展望[J].地理与地理信息科学,2004,20(5) :20-23.
[15]李正国,王仰麟,吴健生,等.城市扩展模型在土地供应空间决策中的应用—以深圳市龙岗区为例[J].资源科学,2005,27(2) :51-58.
[16]马刚,李海宇,徐逸伦.城市土地潜力分析—以南京市为例[J].地理与地理信息科学,2005,21(3) :56-59.
[17]千怀遂,任玉玉,李明霞.河南省棉花的气候风险研究[J].地理学报,2006,61(3) :319-326.
[18]陈雯,孙伟,段学军.苏州地域开发适宜性分区[J].地理学报,2006,61(8) :839-846.
[19]周利军,张淑花,臧淑英. ArcGIS空间分析模块在选址中的应用—以哈大齐工业走廊大庆地区为例[J].地域研究与开发,2007,26(1) :125-128.
[20]许叶军,达庆利. TFOWA算子及其在决策中的应用[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版) , 2006,36(6) :1034-1038.
[21]孙建军,成颖,邵佳宏,等.定量分析方法[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2002.
[22]高阳,李蔷.混合进化策略算法在多准则决策中的应用研究[J].计算机工程与科学,2006,28(1):78-81.
[23]岳超源.决策理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[24]李保俊.提高城市防灾减灾综合协调能力[J].中国减灾,2004,12(8):23-24.
[25]姜华,高国安,刘栋梁.多准则决策评价系统设计[J].系统工程理论与实践,2000,3(3):12-16.
[26] Zadeh L A. Fuzzy sets[J]. Information and Control. 1965, 8(7): 338-353.
[27]刘文彬.模糊综合评价系统研究与实现[D].天津:河北工业大学,2003.
[28]王莲芬,许树柏.层次分析法引论[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1990.
[29] Jacek M. Ordered weighted averaging with fuzzy quantifiers: GIS-based multicriteria evaluation for land-use suitability analysis[J]. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 2006, 8(4) : 270-277.
[30] YAGER R R. Quantifier guided aggregation using OWA operation[J]. International Journal of Intelligent Systems , 1996, 11(1) : 49- 73.
[31]陈静,邓丽,朱庆杰.唐山市综合防灾管理信息系统研究[J].世界地震工程,2005,21(1):66-69.
[32]井彦林,李寅良,韩相超,等.煤矿采空区建筑场地的稳定性分析[J].陕西煤炭,2002(1):12-16.
[33]葛维琦.中国煤矿采空区塌陷灾害治理对策[J].中国能源,2004,26(10):27-30.
[34]雷明堂,蒋小珍.岩溶塌陷研究现状、发展趋势及其支撑技术方法[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1998,9(3):1-6.
[35]雷明堂,蒋小珍,李瑜.岩溶塌陷研究新进展[C].中国科协2002年减轻自然灾害研讨会论文汇编之二.上海,2002:17-23.
[36]柔洁,陈建波.关于地震烈度的讨论—以新疆地区为例[J].中国地震,2006,22(1):94-102.
[37]肖和平,敬少群.湖南省地震烈度特征浅析[J].国际地震动态,2005,(3):13-18.
[38]田德培,王兰化,王丽瑛.环渤海地区区域地壳稳定性分区与评价[J].地质调查与研究,2005,28(1):47-55.
[39]李国强,李杰,苏小卒.建筑结构抗震设计[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[40] Eastman J R. IDRISI guide to GIS and image processing[J]. Software Documentation of IDRISI Kilimanjaro. 2003,25(8):32-35.
[41]王玉清,张晓强,张晓春.某高速公路下覆采空区的确定及危害程度探讨[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2004,15(4):30-34.
[42]刘光.地理信息系统实习教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[43]朱庆杰,苏幼坡,刘廷权.唐山市岩溶塌陷安全评价[J].中国安全科学学报,2004,14(2):91-94.
[44]张荣立,何国纬,李铎.采矿工程设计手册[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2001.
[45]钮心毅,宋小冬.基于土地开发政策的城市用地适宜性评价[J].城市规划学刊,2007, 12(2) :15-28.
[2]蓝荣欣.地理信息系统的发展现状和趋势[J].地理空间信息,2004, 2(1):9-12.
[3] Yager R R. On ordered weighted averaging aggregation operators in multi-criteria decision making [J]. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man Cybernetics, 1988,18 (1) :183 - 190.
[4] Yager R R. Quantifier guided aggregation using OWA operation [J]. International Journal of Intelligent Systems, 1996, 11(1):49-73.
[5]金磊.关于现代防灾减灾的两点思考[J].科技潮,2005,(2):18-20.
[6]陈为邦.防灾减灾城市可持续发展的需要[J].北京规划建设,1998,(5):9-10.
[7]贾抒.建立城市防灾减灾工作体系[J].中国减灾,2004,(12):21-22.
[8]何永年.中国减灾世纪行-让防灾减灾走向亿万民众[J].城市与减灾,2005,(4):30-31.
[9]陈为邦.城市是国家防灾减灾的中心和重点[J].城市发展研究,1998,(4):3-8.
[10] Salem C, Jean-Marc M. Enhancing geographical information system capabilities with multi-criteria evaluation functions [J]. Journal of Geographic Information and Decision Analysis, 2003, 7(2): 47-71.
[11] Jacek M. GIS-based land-use suitability analysis: a critical overview[J]. Progress in Planning, 2004, 6(2): 3-65.
[12]刘贵利.城乡结合部建设用地适宜性评价初探[J].地理研究,2000,19(1) :80-85.
[13]陈松林.基于GIS的荒地资源适宜性评价[J].福建地理,2001,16(1) :34-37.
[14]邱炳文,池天河,王钦敏,等. GIS在土地适宜性评价中的应用与展望[J].地理与地理信息科学,2004,20(5) :20-23.
[15]李正国,王仰麟,吴健生,等.城市扩展模型在土地供应空间决策中的应用—以深圳市龙岗区为例[J].资源科学,2005,27(2) :51-58.
[16]马刚,李海宇,徐逸伦.城市土地潜力分析—以南京市为例[J].地理与地理信息科学,2005,21(3) :56-59.
[17]千怀遂,任玉玉,李明霞.河南省棉花的气候风险研究[J].地理学报,2006,61(3) :319-326.
[18]陈雯,孙伟,段学军.苏州地域开发适宜性分区[J].地理学报,2006,61(8) :839-846.
[19]周利军,张淑花,臧淑英. ArcGIS空间分析模块在选址中的应用—以哈大齐工业走廊大庆地区为例[J].地域研究与开发,2007,26(1) :125-128.
[20]许叶军,达庆利. TFOWA算子及其在决策中的应用[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版) , 2006,36(6) :1034-1038.
[21]孙建军,成颖,邵佳宏,等.定量分析方法[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2002.
[22]高阳,李蔷.混合进化策略算法在多准则决策中的应用研究[J].计算机工程与科学,2006,28(1):78-81.
[23]岳超源.决策理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[24]李保俊.提高城市防灾减灾综合协调能力[J].中国减灾,2004,12(8):23-24.
[25]姜华,高国安,刘栋梁.多准则决策评价系统设计[J].系统工程理论与实践,2000,3(3):12-16.
[26] Zadeh L A. Fuzzy sets[J]. Information and Control. 1965, 8(7): 338-353.
[27]刘文彬.模糊综合评价系统研究与实现[D].天津:河北工业大学,2003.
[28]王莲芬,许树柏.层次分析法引论[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1990.
[29] Jacek M. Ordered weighted averaging with fuzzy quantifiers: GIS-based multicriteria evaluation for land-use suitability analysis[J]. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 2006, 8(4) : 270-277.
[30] YAGER R R. Quantifier guided aggregation using OWA operation[J]. International Journal of Intelligent Systems , 1996, 11(1) : 49- 73.
[31]陈静,邓丽,朱庆杰.唐山市综合防灾管理信息系统研究[J].世界地震工程,2005,21(1):66-69.
[32]井彦林,李寅良,韩相超,等.煤矿采空区建筑场地的稳定性分析[J].陕西煤炭,2002(1):12-16.
[33]葛维琦.中国煤矿采空区塌陷灾害治理对策[J].中国能源,2004,26(10):27-30.
[34]雷明堂,蒋小珍.岩溶塌陷研究现状、发展趋势及其支撑技术方法[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1998,9(3):1-6.
[35]雷明堂,蒋小珍,李瑜.岩溶塌陷研究新进展[C].中国科协2002年减轻自然灾害研讨会论文汇编之二.上海,2002:17-23.
[36]柔洁,陈建波.关于地震烈度的讨论—以新疆地区为例[J].中国地震,2006,22(1):94-102.
[37]肖和平,敬少群.湖南省地震烈度特征浅析[J].国际地震动态,2005,(3):13-18.
[38]田德培,王兰化,王丽瑛.环渤海地区区域地壳稳定性分区与评价[J].地质调查与研究,2005,28(1):47-55.
[39]李国强,李杰,苏小卒.建筑结构抗震设计[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[40] Eastman J R. IDRISI guide to GIS and image processing[J]. Software Documentation of IDRISI Kilimanjaro. 2003,25(8):32-35.
[41]王玉清,张晓强,张晓春.某高速公路下覆采空区的确定及危害程度探讨[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2004,15(4):30-34.
[42]刘光.地理信息系统实习教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[43]朱庆杰,苏幼坡,刘廷权.唐山市岩溶塌陷安全评价[J].中国安全科学学报,2004,14(2):91-94.
[44]张荣立,何国纬,李铎.采矿工程设计手册[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2001.
[45]钮心毅,宋小冬.基于土地开发政策的城市用地适宜性评价[J].城市规划学刊,2007, 12(2) :15-28.