生物质能开发利用设计与环境效应的研究
摘要
近年来，新型式的生物质能利用技术在世界范围内发展很快。生物质能的固化、气化、发电、液化等技术已经在许多领域得到了应用并取得了可观的环境、社会和经济效益。根据我国实际情况认定：在今后一段时间内，我国的生物质能利用重点在农村地区，利用方式以气化、发电为主。
本文对工程实例——吉林省龙井市合成利村生物质热电联供示范点的工艺流程、主要设备组成、工艺参数进行了比较全面的设计。通过设汁阐明了目前适合吉林省广大农村特点的生物质气化供气、气化—发电等技术的可行性：并对利用生物质资源取得的社会效益、环境效益进行了预测。同时指出，吉林省开发利用生物质资源的方法是：与生态省建设相结合，在生态省建设纲要的指导下，依据吉林省生态经济区的不同特点进行。对纲要中划分的4个生态区内生物质资源的开发和利用进行规划和预测。
通过运用环境科学、环境生态学的基本原理，根据当地地形地貌的特点对可获得生物质资源总量进行分析、测算；对示范点附近居民的能源使用情况进行详细的调查，定量分析了利用生物质资源后当地烟尘总最和二氧化硫排放总量的削减程度以及使用生物质能对当地居民能源利用结构的改变和产生的环境效应。
本文通过分析我省城市大气环境质量现状，认定以煤炭为主的化石能源的燃烧是造成吉林省城市、农村大气环境质量恶化的重要因素。改变传统生物质资源的利用方式，改善现有的能源利用结构可以减少烟尘、二氧化硫等主要污染物的排放总量，促进环境质量的改善。
同时论文还通过对我国生物质资源结构现状的分析，阐明了开发利用生物质资源对我国农村发展和环境质量改善具有的重大意义。
In recently years, new types of biomass technique such as solidifying, gasifying, generating electricity and liquefying had been used in the worldwide. It get considerable!y envriomental, social and economic benefits in lots of fields. According to the facts in china, it is considered that the focuseing area that biomass are used are rural area and the main modes are gasifying and generating electricity in future.
In this article, technology process, the equipment, technology parameters are designed though listing an engineering instance which gasifying and generating electricity in demostration site by biomass in longjing city jilin province. This technology had been proved measurably, and then the outstanding social benefit and environmental benefit that got from using biomass are forecasted. At same time, the way to open up the resource in our province is that related to building of ecological province; depend on the planning outline of ecological province. Basing on characterizes of biomass in this area, the different way should adopt to be planed and forecast for the four ecological regions in our province.
According characterizes of topography and physiognomy in hechengli village, we analyze and account the gross of biomass in this area by using theory from environmental science, environmental ecology. Through surveying the status detailed used by dwellers that lived nearby, we analyze quantitatively the decreasing quantity of soot and sulfur dioxide by using biomass, and then the change in structur of energy and environmental effect.
By analyzing the quality of the actuality of our province, it is considered that the using of fossil energy mainly coal is the important reason that making the environmental quality of our province declined in this article. It can decrease the gross of contamination such as soot and sulfur dioxide that emit into atmosphere through changing the using mode and ameliorate the form using energy.
Then, we analyses the actuality of biomass structur in our county. It is very important significance for the improvement and the quality of environment of our rural by using biomass resource.
本文对工程实例——吉林省龙井市合成利村生物质热电联供示范点的工艺流程、主要设备组成、工艺参数进行了比较全面的设计。通过设汁阐明了目前适合吉林省广大农村特点的生物质气化供气、气化—发电等技术的可行性：并对利用生物质资源取得的社会效益、环境效益进行了预测。同时指出，吉林省开发利用生物质资源的方法是：与生态省建设相结合，在生态省建设纲要的指导下，依据吉林省生态经济区的不同特点进行。对纲要中划分的4个生态区内生物质资源的开发和利用进行规划和预测。
通过运用环境科学、环境生态学的基本原理，根据当地地形地貌的特点对可获得生物质资源总量进行分析、测算；对示范点附近居民的能源使用情况进行详细的调查，定量分析了利用生物质资源后当地烟尘总最和二氧化硫排放总量的削减程度以及使用生物质能对当地居民能源利用结构的改变和产生的环境效应。
本文通过分析我省城市大气环境质量现状，认定以煤炭为主的化石能源的燃烧是造成吉林省城市、农村大气环境质量恶化的重要因素。改变传统生物质资源的利用方式，改善现有的能源利用结构可以减少烟尘、二氧化硫等主要污染物的排放总量，促进环境质量的改善。
同时论文还通过对我国生物质资源结构现状的分析，阐明了开发利用生物质资源对我国农村发展和环境质量改善具有的重大意义。
In recently years, new types of biomass technique such as solidifying, gasifying, generating electricity and liquefying had been used in the worldwide. It get considerable!y envriomental, social and economic benefits in lots of fields. According to the facts in china, it is considered that the focuseing area that biomass are used are rural area and the main modes are gasifying and generating electricity in future.
In this article, technology process, the equipment, technology parameters are designed though listing an engineering instance which gasifying and generating electricity in demostration site by biomass in longjing city jilin province. This technology had been proved measurably, and then the outstanding social benefit and environmental benefit that got from using biomass are forecasted. At same time, the way to open up the resource in our province is that related to building of ecological province; depend on the planning outline of ecological province. Basing on characterizes of biomass in this area, the different way should adopt to be planed and forecast for the four ecological regions in our province.
According characterizes of topography and physiognomy in hechengli village, we analyze and account the gross of biomass in this area by using theory from environmental science, environmental ecology. Through surveying the status detailed used by dwellers that lived nearby, we analyze quantitatively the decreasing quantity of soot and sulfur dioxide by using biomass, and then the change in structur of energy and environmental effect.
By analyzing the quality of the actuality of our province, it is considered that the using of fossil energy mainly coal is the important reason that making the environmental quality of our province declined in this article. It can decrease the gross of contamination such as soot and sulfur dioxide that emit into atmosphere through changing the using mode and ameliorate the form using energy.
Then, we analyses the actuality of biomass structur in our county. It is very important significance for the improvement and the quality of environment of our rural by using biomass resource.
引文
[1]．中国农业部／美国能源部项目专家组．中国生物质能转换技术发展与评价．中国环境科学出版社．1998，1，2—3．
[2]．张无敌等．生物质能源转换技术与前景．新能源．2000，(1)，2-4，6-7．
[3]. Hall, D. O. , Rosillo-CalleF. , Williams, R. H.. and Wood,.Biomass for energy: supply prospects, Renewable Energy:Sources for Fuels and Electricity, (ed)Johansson, T. B. ,Kelly, H.,Reddy, A. K. N. , and williams, R. H. , Washington, DC, Island Press.1993. 593-651.
[4]．蒋剑春，金淳．生物质能应用技术的展望．全国清洁能源技术研讨会论文集．2001．
[5]. Eric D.Larson, Sivan Kartha, Expanding. roles for modernized biomass energy. Energy for Sutainable Development. 2000, vol4 (3),15-25.
[6]. B.C.Jain. Commercialising biomass gasifiers:indian experience Energy for Sustain Development. 2000, 4(3), 72-74.
[7]. Morira, J, R., and Goldmberg, J, 1999. The alcohol programm. ,Energy Policy . (27), 229-245.
[8]．颜涌捷，任铮伟．生物质制液体燃料的现状和进展．太阳能学报(特刊)1999．
[9]．李水清等．生物质废弃物在回转窑内热解研究Ⅰ，Ⅱ．太阳能学报．2000，(21)，3-7．
[10]. A Jem nez , J L pez and J.Vilaplana et al.J. Anal.Appl.Pyrolysis. 1997, (30-31) , 201.
[11]. H Pakde, C Amen-Chen and C Roy. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering. 1997, (74) 121-126.
[12]．张百良等．HPB-Ⅰ型生物质成型机的应用研究．太阳能学报．1999，(3)，12-14．
[13]．郭康权，赵东等．植物材料压缩成型时粒子的变形及结合形式．农业工程学报．1995，11(1)，138-143．
[14]. Ravindranath, N.H, Dutta Prasad, H.L.and somashekhar. H. I. A rural energy system based on energy forest and wood gasfier. cunrrent Science.1990, 59(11), 557-560.
[15]. Christian Azar, Eric D. Larson . Bioenergy and land—use competition in Northeast Brazil.Energy for Sustainable Development.2000, 4(3), 64-66.
[16]．王革华．我国生物质能利用技术展望．全国清洁能源技术研讨会论文集．2001．
[17]．刘国喜等．生物质气化炉．农村能源．1999，88(6)，17．
[18]．李保谦，张百良等．PB-Ⅰ型活塞式生物质成型机的研制．河南农业大学学报．1997，(2)，112-117．
[19]．白效明等．吉林省生态环境及生态省建设的研究．吉林大学出版社．2000，15，28，29-30，33，145，163，255，266-268．
[20]. Borjesson,. P. Emissions of CO_2 from biomass production and transportations in agriculture and forestry . Energy Conversion and Management. 1996, (37), 1235-1240.
[21]．方品贤，江欣，奚元福．环境统计手册．四川科技出版社．1989，86-87，92-93，279．
[22]．刘国喜等．用面积系数法评估气化站的秸秆供应量．农村能源．2001，89(2)，17-19．
[23]．刘国喜等．生物质气化是生物质能高层次利用的良好途径．农村能源．1999，87(5)，20-21．
[24]．丁启朔，白金明，生物质能利用开发的研究．太阳能．2000，(3)，12-13．
[25]．王长贵．我国农村新能源发电．太阳能．2001，(2)，5-6．
[26]．任永志，董立明．下吸式生物质气化炉的设计．农村能源．2000，(4)，16-18．
[27]．建设部 城镇燃气设计规范计划出版社．1994，47-52．
[28]．郭传新等．吉林省环境质量年鉴．1999(11)，108-112．
[29]．阴秀丽，吴创之．生物质气化对减少CO_2排放的作用．太阳能学报．2000，(21)，2，40-44．
[30]. Smith, K, R.. Fuel combustion:air pollution exposures snd health in developing countries. Annual Review of Energy and the Eny ronment.1993, (18), 529-566.
[31]．郭传新等．吉林省环境质量报告书(1996—2000)．2001，45-47，55-71．
[32]．袁玉岫等．吉林省统计年鉴2001年．中国计划出版社．2001，207-210．
[33]．1999中国新能源与可再生能源白皮书．中国计划出版社．
[2]．张无敌等．生物质能源转换技术与前景．新能源．2000，(1)，2-4，6-7．
[3]. Hall, D. O. , Rosillo-CalleF. , Williams, R. H.. and Wood,.Biomass for energy: supply prospects, Renewable Energy:Sources for Fuels and Electricity, (ed)Johansson, T. B. ,Kelly, H.,Reddy, A. K. N. , and williams, R. H. , Washington, DC, Island Press.1993. 593-651.
[4]．蒋剑春，金淳．生物质能应用技术的展望．全国清洁能源技术研讨会论文集．2001．
[5]. Eric D.Larson, Sivan Kartha, Expanding. roles for modernized biomass energy. Energy for Sutainable Development. 2000, vol4 (3),15-25.
[6]. B.C.Jain. Commercialising biomass gasifiers:indian experience Energy for Sustain Development. 2000, 4(3), 72-74.
[7]. Morira, J, R., and Goldmberg, J, 1999. The alcohol programm. ,Energy Policy . (27), 229-245.
[8]．颜涌捷，任铮伟．生物质制液体燃料的现状和进展．太阳能学报(特刊)1999．
[9]．李水清等．生物质废弃物在回转窑内热解研究Ⅰ，Ⅱ．太阳能学报．2000，(21)，3-7．
[10]. A Jem nez , J L pez and J.Vilaplana et al.J. Anal.Appl.Pyrolysis. 1997, (30-31) , 201.
[11]. H Pakde, C Amen-Chen and C Roy. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering. 1997, (74) 121-126.
[12]．张百良等．HPB-Ⅰ型生物质成型机的应用研究．太阳能学报．1999，(3)，12-14．
[13]．郭康权，赵东等．植物材料压缩成型时粒子的变形及结合形式．农业工程学报．1995，11(1)，138-143．
[14]. Ravindranath, N.H, Dutta Prasad, H.L.and somashekhar. H. I. A rural energy system based on energy forest and wood gasfier. cunrrent Science.1990, 59(11), 557-560.
[15]. Christian Azar, Eric D. Larson . Bioenergy and land—use competition in Northeast Brazil.Energy for Sustainable Development.2000, 4(3), 64-66.
[16]．王革华．我国生物质能利用技术展望．全国清洁能源技术研讨会论文集．2001．
[17]．刘国喜等．生物质气化炉．农村能源．1999，88(6)，17．
[18]．李保谦，张百良等．PB-Ⅰ型活塞式生物质成型机的研制．河南农业大学学报．1997，(2)，112-117．
[19]．白效明等．吉林省生态环境及生态省建设的研究．吉林大学出版社．2000，15，28，29-30，33，145，163，255，266-268．
[20]. Borjesson,. P. Emissions of CO_2 from biomass production and transportations in agriculture and forestry . Energy Conversion and Management. 1996, (37), 1235-1240.
[21]．方品贤，江欣，奚元福．环境统计手册．四川科技出版社．1989，86-87，92-93，279．
[22]．刘国喜等．用面积系数法评估气化站的秸秆供应量．农村能源．2001，89(2)，17-19．
[23]．刘国喜等．生物质气化是生物质能高层次利用的良好途径．农村能源．1999，87(5)，20-21．
[24]．丁启朔，白金明，生物质能利用开发的研究．太阳能．2000，(3)，12-13．
[25]．王长贵．我国农村新能源发电．太阳能．2001，(2)，5-6．
[26]．任永志，董立明．下吸式生物质气化炉的设计．农村能源．2000，(4)，16-18．
[27]．建设部 城镇燃气设计规范计划出版社．1994，47-52．
[28]．郭传新等．吉林省环境质量年鉴．1999(11)，108-112．
[29]．阴秀丽，吴创之．生物质气化对减少CO_2排放的作用．太阳能学报．2000，(21)，2，40-44．
[30]. Smith, K, R.. Fuel combustion:air pollution exposures snd health in developing countries. Annual Review of Energy and the Eny ronment.1993, (18), 529-566.
[31]．郭传新等．吉林省环境质量报告书(1996—2000)．2001，45-47，55-71．
[32]．袁玉岫等．吉林省统计年鉴2001年．中国计划出版社．2001，207-210．
[33]．1999中国新能源与可再生能源白皮书．中国计划出版社．