重庆承接东部产业转移与城乡产业统筹研究
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摘要
改革开放以来,我国东部地区经济发展迅速,但由于生产要素成本上升的影响和自身产业结构优化和升级的需要,迫切要求把劳动密集型、资源依赖型产业向中西部转移,重庆具有交通方便,土地、劳动力、矿产等资源丰富,产业基础雄厚,市场潜力大等优势,将成为东部产业转移的重点区域。随着国家对重庆“314”战略部署,重庆需要加快城乡统筹发展,尽快把重庆建设成为城乡统筹的直辖市,在西部率先实现全面建设小康社会。承接区际产业转移是区域产业发展的重要力量,城乡产业统筹发展是实现城乡统筹发展的重要支撑,所以如何把承接东部产业转移与重庆城乡产业统筹发展结合起来,将是重庆迫切需要解决的问题。本文主要内容安排如下:
首先对区际产业转移和城乡产业统筹的基本概念进行阐述,并揭示了两者之间的关系。接着,对国内外关于产业转移的文献进行归纳总结,归纳发现把承接产业转移和城乡产业统筹发展结合起来的研究较少。
其次,分析了重庆承接区际产业转移和城乡产业统筹发展的现状,并分析当前重庆承接区际产业转移对城乡产业统筹发展的消极影响。结果表明目前重庆承接区际产业转移阻碍了三次产业效益的提高、拉大了三大区域之间产业发展的差距和加剧了城乡产业结构的同构性。
再次,根据产业静态、动态集聚模型和相对产业梯度模型,测算出重庆承接东部产业转移的选择对象,随后以城乡产业统筹发展为目标,运用基于问卷调查的网络层次分析法测算出重庆承接东部产业转移的优先序列。分析结论是深入与长三角合作,优先承接农副食品加工业和饮料制造业;积极与东南沿海联系,主动承接医药制造业;加强与环渤海来往,重点承接化学纤维制造业和有色金属矿采选业。
接着,针对重庆承接东部产业转移,根据各区县的资源优势、产业定位和产业发展特征等因素确定承接产业的空间布局。都市核心经济区主要承接现代医药制造等高技术产业;郊区经济圈主要承接有色金属矿采选业和以养殖业为基础的农副食品加工业;渝东南经济区主要承接以种植业为基础的农副食品加工业和以中药材加工为主的医药制造业;新库区生态经济区主要承接燃气的生产和供应业和化学纤维制造业等。
最后,提出承接东部产业转移促进城乡统筹发展的思路和建议。发展思路是有针对性的承接东部产业转移,并合理布局承接的东部产业转移;建议是提高重庆软硬件实力,增强承接产业的生存和发展能力;优化承接产业结构,促进三次产业协调发展;合理布局承接产业,推动城乡产业统筹发展。
Since reform and opening, the economy has developed rapidly in the eastern region; however, due to rising costs of production factors or their own needs of industrial structure optimization and upgrading, they urgently need to transfer the labor-intensive or resource-dependent industries to the Midwest part of China. Chongqing has many advantages, such as convenient transportation、rich in land、labor and minerals、being strong at industrial base and potential market and so on, so it will be the key areas in industrial transfer form eastern region. With“314”strategic plan arranging, Chongqing needs to speed up urban and rural harmonious development, being a municipality with urban and rural harmonious development as soon as possible, leading to achieving well-off society in the west. It is a significant force for regional industry development to regional industrial transfer.It is an important support for urban and rural harmonious development to co-ordination between urban and rural industry. So it will be the urgent need to address issues to how to undertake industrial transfer form eastern region and the urban and rural co-ordination development combined. The paper is organized as follows:
First, it describes the basic concepts of industrial transfer and co-ordination between urban and rural industry, and reveals the relationship between the two concepts. Then it summarizes the domestic and international literature on the industrial transfer, founding that it is few to combine the problems of undertaking the industrial transfer form eastern region and co-ordination between urban and rural industry.
Secondly, it analyzes the status of undertaking industrial transfer form eastern region and urban and rural harmonious development, and the negative impact to co-ordination between urban and rural industry form undertaking industrial transfer from eastern now. The result shows that undertaking industrial transfer form eastern region hinders the improvement of efficient of industrial structure、widening the gap of industrial development in the three regions and exacerbating the irrationality of industrial distribution between urban and rural areas.
Again, according to the industrial static、dynamic congregation model and relative industrial gradient model, we know the selecting industry being transferred form the eastern region for Chongqing, and then, as the co-ordination between urban and rural industry as the goal, applying Analytic Network Propose based on questionnaire method to analyzing the specific order of carrying on industry. The results are that Chongqing should cooperate with the Yangtze River Delta in depth, priority to undertaking the primary products processing and beverage manufacturing industry、contact with the southeast coast positively, initiative to undertaking medical manufacturing industry、contact with the Bohai Sea straightly, key to undertaking the Chemical fiber manufacturing industry and nonferrous mining and selecting industry.
Then, for the industries transferred form the eastern region, we suggest the industrial distribution according to the county resources、industry positioning、industrial characteristics and so on. Urban core economic area undertakes high-tech industry such as modern pharmaceutical manufacturing industry; Rural economic circle undertakes nonferrous mining and selecting industry; Economic zone in the east and south of Chongqing undertakes primary products processing industry and medical manufacturing industry based on Chinese herbal medicines; New reservoir economic area undertakes gas producing and supplying industry.
Finally, it gives the ideas and suggestions that undertaking industrial transfer from eastern region promotes the co-ordination between urban and rural industry. The ideas are that Chongqing needs targeted undertaking and rational distribution for industrial transfer form eastern region. The suggestions are that Chongqing must increase the strength hardware and software, enhancing the capacity of survive and development for the transferring industry; optimizing the industrial structure for the industries from the eastern region promotes the harmonious development in the three industries; rational distributing the undertaking industries promotes co-ordination between urban and rural industry.
首先对区际产业转移和城乡产业统筹的基本概念进行阐述,并揭示了两者之间的关系。接着,对国内外关于产业转移的文献进行归纳总结,归纳发现把承接产业转移和城乡产业统筹发展结合起来的研究较少。
其次,分析了重庆承接区际产业转移和城乡产业统筹发展的现状,并分析当前重庆承接区际产业转移对城乡产业统筹发展的消极影响。结果表明目前重庆承接区际产业转移阻碍了三次产业效益的提高、拉大了三大区域之间产业发展的差距和加剧了城乡产业结构的同构性。
再次,根据产业静态、动态集聚模型和相对产业梯度模型,测算出重庆承接东部产业转移的选择对象,随后以城乡产业统筹发展为目标,运用基于问卷调查的网络层次分析法测算出重庆承接东部产业转移的优先序列。分析结论是深入与长三角合作,优先承接农副食品加工业和饮料制造业;积极与东南沿海联系,主动承接医药制造业;加强与环渤海来往,重点承接化学纤维制造业和有色金属矿采选业。
接着,针对重庆承接东部产业转移,根据各区县的资源优势、产业定位和产业发展特征等因素确定承接产业的空间布局。都市核心经济区主要承接现代医药制造等高技术产业;郊区经济圈主要承接有色金属矿采选业和以养殖业为基础的农副食品加工业;渝东南经济区主要承接以种植业为基础的农副食品加工业和以中药材加工为主的医药制造业;新库区生态经济区主要承接燃气的生产和供应业和化学纤维制造业等。
最后,提出承接东部产业转移促进城乡统筹发展的思路和建议。发展思路是有针对性的承接东部产业转移,并合理布局承接的东部产业转移;建议是提高重庆软硬件实力,增强承接产业的生存和发展能力;优化承接产业结构,促进三次产业协调发展;合理布局承接产业,推动城乡产业统筹发展。
Since reform and opening, the economy has developed rapidly in the eastern region; however, due to rising costs of production factors or their own needs of industrial structure optimization and upgrading, they urgently need to transfer the labor-intensive or resource-dependent industries to the Midwest part of China. Chongqing has many advantages, such as convenient transportation、rich in land、labor and minerals、being strong at industrial base and potential market and so on, so it will be the key areas in industrial transfer form eastern region. With“314”strategic plan arranging, Chongqing needs to speed up urban and rural harmonious development, being a municipality with urban and rural harmonious development as soon as possible, leading to achieving well-off society in the west. It is a significant force for regional industry development to regional industrial transfer.It is an important support for urban and rural harmonious development to co-ordination between urban and rural industry. So it will be the urgent need to address issues to how to undertake industrial transfer form eastern region and the urban and rural co-ordination development combined. The paper is organized as follows:
First, it describes the basic concepts of industrial transfer and co-ordination between urban and rural industry, and reveals the relationship between the two concepts. Then it summarizes the domestic and international literature on the industrial transfer, founding that it is few to combine the problems of undertaking the industrial transfer form eastern region and co-ordination between urban and rural industry.
Secondly, it analyzes the status of undertaking industrial transfer form eastern region and urban and rural harmonious development, and the negative impact to co-ordination between urban and rural industry form undertaking industrial transfer from eastern now. The result shows that undertaking industrial transfer form eastern region hinders the improvement of efficient of industrial structure、widening the gap of industrial development in the three regions and exacerbating the irrationality of industrial distribution between urban and rural areas.
Again, according to the industrial static、dynamic congregation model and relative industrial gradient model, we know the selecting industry being transferred form the eastern region for Chongqing, and then, as the co-ordination between urban and rural industry as the goal, applying Analytic Network Propose based on questionnaire method to analyzing the specific order of carrying on industry. The results are that Chongqing should cooperate with the Yangtze River Delta in depth, priority to undertaking the primary products processing and beverage manufacturing industry、contact with the southeast coast positively, initiative to undertaking medical manufacturing industry、contact with the Bohai Sea straightly, key to undertaking the Chemical fiber manufacturing industry and nonferrous mining and selecting industry.
Then, for the industries transferred form the eastern region, we suggest the industrial distribution according to the county resources、industry positioning、industrial characteristics and so on. Urban core economic area undertakes high-tech industry such as modern pharmaceutical manufacturing industry; Rural economic circle undertakes nonferrous mining and selecting industry; Economic zone in the east and south of Chongqing undertakes primary products processing industry and medical manufacturing industry based on Chinese herbal medicines; New reservoir economic area undertakes gas producing and supplying industry.
Finally, it gives the ideas and suggestions that undertaking industrial transfer from eastern region promotes the co-ordination between urban and rural industry. The ideas are that Chongqing needs targeted undertaking and rational distribution for industrial transfer form eastern region. The suggestions are that Chongqing must increase the strength hardware and software, enhancing the capacity of survive and development for the transferring industry; optimizing the industrial structure for the industries from the eastern region promotes the harmonious development in the three industries; rational distributing the undertaking industries promotes co-ordination between urban and rural industry.
引文
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[72]重庆市高速公路网规划(2003-2020年)
[73]重庆市国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划交通发展重点专项规划
[74]重庆市国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划科学技术发展重点专项规划
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[71]重庆市“渝东南翼”国民经济和社会发展第“十一五”规划纲要
[72]重庆市高速公路网规划(2003-2020年)
[73]重庆市国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划交通发展重点专项规划
[74]重庆市国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划科学技术发展重点专项规划