远程医学教育临床技能培训模式与平台研究
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摘要
迈入21世纪,人类更加关注自身的卫生健康与生命,由此,医学教育领域得到了日新月异的发展。无论从临床诊断到手术治疗,还是从医疗设备到医疗理念均发生了沧桑巨变。目前,随着信息通信技术与远程医学教育的发展,医学教育中的临床医学技能培养正在酝酿一次全新的革命,即把计算机软、硬件技术、三维图形图像、自动控制与导航、机器人、生物化学以及核技术等同传统临床医学有机结合起来,催生了先进的临床医疗理念、方法、手段和设备。尽管医疗设备日趋精密、智能、高效,医疗系统也正在向信息化、数字化、网络化高速迈进,但是任何现代高、精、尖、新的诊疗技术均无法替代医务工作者实际的临床基本诊疗技能。因此,如何对医务工作者(包括在读医学生)开展科学、规范、有效的临床基本技能培训,已成为高素质医学人才培养和高等医学教育改革的关键之一,①它也是当今全球医学教育领域中非常关注的研究课题之一
在研究目标上,论文从医学教育国际化进程中临床基本技能教学的现状以及我国医学教育临床基本技能教学的实际出发,根据高等医学人才培养的标准和“全球医学教育最低基本要求”,综合利用现代教育技术、虚拟现实、视音频、多媒体及计算机网络等技术,结合新疆生产建设兵团对医务人员和医学院的学生在临床理论知识学习、问诊、体检、常规操作、医患沟通、综合分析、以及危重病例处理等临床技能的实际要求,探索临床医学知识学习和技能培训的有效模式及途径,并设计与实现能支持这一要求的远程临床技能培训平台。为兵团临床医学教育的信息化和现代化进行有益尝试。
在研究内容上,论文重点梳理了临床医学教育的相关理论、分析了远程临床医学教育的国内外现状和未来发展趋势,讨论了不同的学习理论与模式：如米勒的金字塔医学模型、基于实践的学习与提高(PBLI)理论、情境认知学习理论、知识管理理论、认知学徒模式、以及协同学习理论等。结合网络通信、多媒体以及现代教育技术与医疗技术,针对远程医学教育的特点和新疆生产建设兵团对临床医学人才的实际需求,构建支持远程临床技能培训的新模式,基于新模式来设计与实现远程临床技能培训的平台原型。最后,将通过实践运用来检验培训模式与平台设计的合理性与有效性。
在实证研究上,论文选择了模式与平台应用的四个不同案例和一个问卷调查,从不同维度和视角对远程临床技能培训模式和平台原型设计的可行性和有效性进行了分析和评价。应用案例的验证与测评重点围绕临床技能培训学习的四个主要流程、实验对照组的临床知识能力考核、虚拟与真实手术模拟结果比较、临床解剖教学案例分析评测,而问卷调查则重点关注学习者对平台实际使用的感受和效果,并运用SPSS13.0工具进行问卷调查结果的统计分析。统计与分析结果初步验证了远程临床技能培训模式与平台的设计已达到了预定设计目标,无论在临床医学理论知识的学习或技能培训方面都可以较好地满足学习者的需求。
今年初,由于平台的实际应用效果良好,本论文研究的部分成果已被列入“新疆生产建设兵团区域医疗卫生信息化建设的十二·五规划”方案之中。
Entering the 21 st century, medical education field has fast-changing development as human paying more attention to their health and life. No matter from clinical diagnosis to surgery, or from medical equipment to treatment concept, all produced vicissitudes. Now, clinical medical skills training are considering a new revolution along with the development of information communication technology and distance medical education, namely computer software and hardware technology,3D graphics image, automatic control and navigation, robot, biochemistry and nuclear technology combined with traditional clinical medicine expedite advanced clinical medical treatment concept, methods, tools and equipment. Although medical equipment increasingly sophisticated, intelligent, efficient and medical systems are also high-speed towards information, digital and networked, but any modern high-quality precision instrument and new treatment technology are unable to substitute the basic clinical diagnosis and practical skills of medical workers. Therefore, how to carry out scientific, standardized, effective basic clinical skills training for medical workers (including reading medical students) has become one of the key for high-quality medical talents training in higher medical education reform, and it is also one very concerned research topic in the field of medical education.
To the research target, the dissertation explores model and pathways for clinical medical knowledge and skill effective training, designs and implements the platform for supporting distance clinical skills training, based on education internationalization and medical teaching status of basic clinical skills in our medical education, and according to the reality of higher medical personnel training standards and "global medical education minimum basic requirements" and comprehensive utilization of education technology, modern virtual reality, audio and video, multimedia and network computer technology, and combining the requirements for staff and students in the medicine college of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps of Chinese People's Liberation Army. The actual requirements include clinical theory knowledge, interrogation, physical check-up, routine operation, doctor-patient communication, comprehensive analysis, and severe cases processing. This is also an attempt for the corps modernization and information in education of clinical medicine.
To the research content, the dissertation emphasis on analyzes the related theory of clinical medical education, clinical medicine situation and future development trend of distance education at home and abroad, and discusses the different learning theory and model:such as Miller pyramid medical model, the practice-based learning and improving (PBLI) theory, situated cognition learning theory, knowledge management theory, cognitive apprentice mode, and collaborative learning theory, etc. Combining network communication, multimedia and modern educational technology and the medical technology, aiming at the characteristics of distance medical education and the corps actual requirement for clinical medical talents, structure a new model for supporting distance training of clinical skills, design and realize the distance clinical skills training platform prototypes based on the new model. Finally, the rationality and effectiveness of model and platform will be examined and evaluated by practical application.
To the empirical research, the dissertation chose four different cases study and a questionnaire survey to analyze and evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the platform prototype design from different dimensions and perspectives. The validation and evaluation of the case study focus on four main flows of clinical skills training, the clinical knowledge ability examination in two different groups, virtual and real operation simulation result comparison, and clinical anatomy teaching case analysis evaluation. The questionnaire survey focuses on the learner's practical feeling and effect and SPSS 13.0 tools is used for analysis of the questionnaire result. Statistics and analysis results primarily show that clinical skills training model and distance platform design have been achieved the design goal, whether in clinical medicine theory knowledge learning or skills training can well satisfy learners demand.
Earlier this year, based on actual application and verified, the part achievements of this dissertation studies have been involved in "The Regional Health and Information Construction Planning of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps" for the next ten years.
在研究目标上,论文从医学教育国际化进程中临床基本技能教学的现状以及我国医学教育临床基本技能教学的实际出发,根据高等医学人才培养的标准和“全球医学教育最低基本要求”,综合利用现代教育技术、虚拟现实、视音频、多媒体及计算机网络等技术,结合新疆生产建设兵团对医务人员和医学院的学生在临床理论知识学习、问诊、体检、常规操作、医患沟通、综合分析、以及危重病例处理等临床技能的实际要求,探索临床医学知识学习和技能培训的有效模式及途径,并设计与实现能支持这一要求的远程临床技能培训平台。为兵团临床医学教育的信息化和现代化进行有益尝试。
在研究内容上,论文重点梳理了临床医学教育的相关理论、分析了远程临床医学教育的国内外现状和未来发展趋势,讨论了不同的学习理论与模式：如米勒的金字塔医学模型、基于实践的学习与提高(PBLI)理论、情境认知学习理论、知识管理理论、认知学徒模式、以及协同学习理论等。结合网络通信、多媒体以及现代教育技术与医疗技术,针对远程医学教育的特点和新疆生产建设兵团对临床医学人才的实际需求,构建支持远程临床技能培训的新模式,基于新模式来设计与实现远程临床技能培训的平台原型。最后,将通过实践运用来检验培训模式与平台设计的合理性与有效性。
在实证研究上,论文选择了模式与平台应用的四个不同案例和一个问卷调查,从不同维度和视角对远程临床技能培训模式和平台原型设计的可行性和有效性进行了分析和评价。应用案例的验证与测评重点围绕临床技能培训学习的四个主要流程、实验对照组的临床知识能力考核、虚拟与真实手术模拟结果比较、临床解剖教学案例分析评测,而问卷调查则重点关注学习者对平台实际使用的感受和效果,并运用SPSS13.0工具进行问卷调查结果的统计分析。统计与分析结果初步验证了远程临床技能培训模式与平台的设计已达到了预定设计目标,无论在临床医学理论知识的学习或技能培训方面都可以较好地满足学习者的需求。
今年初,由于平台的实际应用效果良好,本论文研究的部分成果已被列入“新疆生产建设兵团区域医疗卫生信息化建设的十二·五规划”方案之中。
Entering the 21 st century, medical education field has fast-changing development as human paying more attention to their health and life. No matter from clinical diagnosis to surgery, or from medical equipment to treatment concept, all produced vicissitudes. Now, clinical medical skills training are considering a new revolution along with the development of information communication technology and distance medical education, namely computer software and hardware technology,3D graphics image, automatic control and navigation, robot, biochemistry and nuclear technology combined with traditional clinical medicine expedite advanced clinical medical treatment concept, methods, tools and equipment. Although medical equipment increasingly sophisticated, intelligent, efficient and medical systems are also high-speed towards information, digital and networked, but any modern high-quality precision instrument and new treatment technology are unable to substitute the basic clinical diagnosis and practical skills of medical workers. Therefore, how to carry out scientific, standardized, effective basic clinical skills training for medical workers (including reading medical students) has become one of the key for high-quality medical talents training in higher medical education reform, and it is also one very concerned research topic in the field of medical education.
To the research target, the dissertation explores model and pathways for clinical medical knowledge and skill effective training, designs and implements the platform for supporting distance clinical skills training, based on education internationalization and medical teaching status of basic clinical skills in our medical education, and according to the reality of higher medical personnel training standards and "global medical education minimum basic requirements" and comprehensive utilization of education technology, modern virtual reality, audio and video, multimedia and network computer technology, and combining the requirements for staff and students in the medicine college of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps of Chinese People's Liberation Army. The actual requirements include clinical theory knowledge, interrogation, physical check-up, routine operation, doctor-patient communication, comprehensive analysis, and severe cases processing. This is also an attempt for the corps modernization and information in education of clinical medicine.
To the research content, the dissertation emphasis on analyzes the related theory of clinical medical education, clinical medicine situation and future development trend of distance education at home and abroad, and discusses the different learning theory and model:such as Miller pyramid medical model, the practice-based learning and improving (PBLI) theory, situated cognition learning theory, knowledge management theory, cognitive apprentice mode, and collaborative learning theory, etc. Combining network communication, multimedia and modern educational technology and the medical technology, aiming at the characteristics of distance medical education and the corps actual requirement for clinical medical talents, structure a new model for supporting distance training of clinical skills, design and realize the distance clinical skills training platform prototypes based on the new model. Finally, the rationality and effectiveness of model and platform will be examined and evaluated by practical application.
To the empirical research, the dissertation chose four different cases study and a questionnaire survey to analyze and evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the platform prototype design from different dimensions and perspectives. The validation and evaluation of the case study focus on four main flows of clinical skills training, the clinical knowledge ability examination in two different groups, virtual and real operation simulation result comparison, and clinical anatomy teaching case analysis evaluation. The questionnaire survey focuses on the learner's practical feeling and effect and SPSS 13.0 tools is used for analysis of the questionnaire result. Statistics and analysis results primarily show that clinical skills training model and distance platform design have been achieved the design goal, whether in clinical medicine theory knowledge learning or skills training can well satisfy learners demand.
Earlier this year, based on actual application and verified, the part achievements of this dissertation studies have been involved in "The Regional Health and Information Construction Planning of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps" for the next ten years.
引文
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