基于对等网络的语义发布/订阅系统的关键技术研究
|
摘要
随着Internet的飞速发展、移动设备和宽带的普及，网络计算的复杂度越来越高。新一代网络计算是以大规模、分散控制、动态性、自治性和松耦合为主要特征的分布式计算，而发布／订阅系统具有松耦合、匿名、多对多通信和可扩展的特点，已成为支持新一代网络计算的重要基础中间件平台。
发布／订阅系统在基于内容的数据模型、匹配算法以及路由算法方面已取得相当成熟的研究成果，但还不能迎合新一代网络计算提出的挑战，主要表现在缺乏对语义事件和语义路由的支持上。论文结合国家863课题，主要研究发布／订阅系统的语义数据模型、语义匹配算法和基于对等网络的语义路由算法等关键技术，研制面向新一代网络计算的发布／订阅原型系统——钱塘语义发布／订阅系统(JTang Semantic Publish／Subscribe System，简称JTangPS)，为新一代网络计算提供有力的中间件支持。
论文第一部分论述发布／订阅系统的研究背景和研究意义。在阐述发布／订阅系统基本模型和比较相关通讯模型的基础上，介绍数据模型、匹配算法和路由算法等关键技术的国内外研究现状，总结各种方法的优缺点。分析新一代网络计算对发布／订阅系统提出的新需求，介绍发布／订阅系统的研究热点。
第二部分提出一种基于组件的分层的语义发布／订阅系统体系结构。在分析几种典型发布／订阅系统体系结构优缺点的基础上，介绍发布／订阅系统的设计框架。在设计框架下讨论JTangPS的基本实现技术，并从分层体系结构和具体实现架构两个层次上介绍JTangPS的体系结构。JTangPS的体系结构具有松耦合的特点，系统中的组件可以被相同功能不同实现的其他组件替换，能快速满足不同应用场合的需求。
第三部分提出一种基于Web本体描述语言OWL和资源描述框架RDF的语义数据模型。语义数据模型是系统理解语义信息的基础，由概念模型、事件模型和订阅模型组成。概念模型采用OWL语言，事件模型采用RDF图，订阅模型采用RDF图模式。概念模型可以直接使用现有网络上的OWL本体，而普通的RDF图都可以表述为事件。JTangPS的语义数据模型解决了数据信息语法异构而语义同构的问题，使事件和订阅能被机器无歧义地理解和处理。在此基础上，提出一种新的订阅语言RESL，该语言类似于现有的RDF查询语言。
第四部分提出一种基于RDF图的快速匹配算法。高效的匹配算法是调和系统丰富表达能力和可扩展性矛盾的关键。JTangPS语义匹配算法的基本思想是把事件图和订阅图分解为一系列弧的集合，以弧作为匹配的基本单位；充分利用订阅之间的重叠性，为订阅和事件建立索引，缩小匹配范围；把事件转化为索引结构时，考虑到属性之间的语义关系，添加等价属性和祖先属性到索引；并结合订阅变量的类型约束检查，实现订阅和事件的语义匹配；通过订阅变量绑定表的自然连接操作消除不必要的约束检查，提高事件匹配效率。实验结果表明，该匹配算法在性能上优于G-ToPSS，远优于把事件同每个订阅进行匹配运算的简单匹配算法SMA，是一种高效的语义事件匹配算法。
第五部分提出一种结构化P2P网络上基于集结点的语义路由算法。基于DHT的结构化P2P网络具有自组织性、容错性和扩展性的特点，不仅能够适应于网络的动态变化，还能够保证资源发现的准确率，很适合作为发布／订阅系统的底层结构。JTangPS语义路由算法的基本思路是根据订阅和事件的域标识、属性个数以及属性名映射订阅和事件到集结点，采用P2P的内在路由机制和聚合优化措施来分发事件。通过映射属性名，解决结构化P2P网络上DHT映射精确性与数据模型复杂性之间的矛盾，支持语义路由的同时，避免映射对订阅语言的约束；通过属性个数控制集结点数目和限制事件发布的目的地，减少事件发布流量，避免不必要的事件匹配计算开销；采用P2P的内在路由机制和聚合优化措施来分发事件，充分利用P2P网络容错性的同时，降低事件的路由流量。实验结果表明，在大规模的发布／订阅下，JTangPS的语义路由算法在性能上优于基于逆向路径转发的路由算法，并在路由效率、网络资源消耗、订阅维护效率和扩展性等方面取得了良好的平衡效果。
第六部分探讨JTangPS原型系统的具体实现，通过RSS文档分发的例子介绍系统的应用，验证上述几章所讨论的系统体系结构、语义数据模型、语义匹配算法和语义路由算法。
With the rapid development of Internet, mobile devices and broadband networks,network computing is getting more and more complex. The main characteristics of thenew generation of network computing are large-scale, decentralized control, dynamic,and autonomous. Since publish/subscribe systems have the advantages of loosecoupling, anonymity, many-to-many communication and scalability, they have becomeimportant infrastructure middleware platforms support for the new generation ofnetwork computing.
Publish/subscribe systems have gained fairly mature research results oncontent-based data models, matching algorithms and routing algorithms, but they cannot yet meet challenges posed by the new generation of network computing, mainlydue to the lack of support for semantic events and semantic routing. In order to providepowerful middleware support for the new generation of network computing, this thesismakes the research on key technologies including semantic data model, semanticmatching algorithm, and semantic routing algorithm based on structural P2P networks,and develops a prototype of semantic publish/subscribe system called JTangPS (JTangSemantic Publish / Subscribe System). The work has been supported by the NationalHigh-Tech. R&D Program, China.
In the first part of thesis, we discuss the research background and significance ofpublish/subscribe system. After explaining the basic publish/subscribe system modeland comparing it with relevant communication models, we introduce key technologyresearch situation on data model, matching algorithm and routing algorithm, summingup the advantages and disadvantages of various methods. Then we analyze therequirements of publish/subscribe systems proposed by the new generation of networkcomputing and introduce the research hotspots of publish/subscribe systems.
In the second part, we propose a component-based layered architecture forsemantic publish/subscribe system. After analyzing some typical publish/subscribesystem architectures, we introduce various design frameworks for publish/subscribesystems and discuss basic implementing technologies for JTangPS under the givenframework. At last, we present the architecture of JTangPS on two different levels ofstructures, namly layered architecture and concrete implementing structure. JTangPShas a loosely coupled architecture in which system components can be replaced byones with the same functions but different implementations, thereby quickly meetingthe demands of various application scenarios.
In the third part, we propose a new semantic data model based on OWL (WebOntology Language) and RDF (Resource Description Framework). The semantic datamodel includes conceptual model, event model and subscription model, which is thebase of understanding semantic information for publish/subscribe systems. Theconceptual model uses OWL.language; the event model uses RDF graph; and thesubscription model uses RDF graph pattern. The concept model can directly employexisting OWL ontologies on networks, and ordinary RDF graphs can be treated asevents. The semantic data model of JTangPS solves the problem on data withheterogeneous syntactic structures but homogeneous semantics, so that events andsubscriptions can be understood and dealt by machines without ambiguously. Inaddition, we propose a new subscription language RESL (RDF Event SubscribeLanguage) which is similar to existing RDF query languages.
In the fourth part, we propose a fast RDF graph based matching algorithm.Efficient algorithm is a key technology to reconcile rich expressiveness with systemscalability. The basic idea behind the semantic matching algorithm of JTangPS is:devising an event or a subscription into a series of arcs of which each is the basicmatching unit; creating indexes for subscriptions and events to make full use of theoverlap between subscriptions and narrow the matching scope; adding the equivalentsand ancestors of attribute to index structures and being combined with the type checkof variable bindings of subscriptions to achieve semantic matching; doing natural joinoperations on variable binding tables to eliminate unnecessary constraint checks,thereby improving event matching efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate thatthe algorithm is superior to G-ToPSS in performance and much better than SMA(Simple Matching Algorithm) which simply matches events with each subscription.
In the fifth part, we propose a rendezvous-based semantic routing algorithm onstructured peer-to-peer networks. DHT-based P2P networks are so self-organizing,fault-tolerant and scalable that not only it adapts to the dynamic changes of networks,but also guarantees the resources discovery accuracy, hence being very suitable as thesubstrate of publish/subscribe system. The basic idea behind the semantic routingalgorithm of JTangPS is to map events and subscriptions to rendezvous according tothe combination of domain identifier, the number of attributes and attribute name.Mapping attribute name not only solves the conflict between precision in data mappingand complexity of data model on DHT-based P2P networks, but also avoids theconstraints on subscription language while mapping subscriptions to rendezvous;attribute number controls the number of rendezvous and limits the destinations towhich events are published, thereby reducing the traffic of event publication and avoiding unnecessary event matching computation; it makes full advantage offault-tolerance of P2P and reduces the routing flow for event delivery to employ theembedded routing mechanism of P2P and the aggregation optimization approach.Experimental results show that for large-scale publish/subscribe, the semantic routingalgorithm of JTangPS is superior to the reverse-path based forwarding routingalgorithm and achieves a good balance among routing efficiency, network resourceconsumption, subscription maintenance efficiency and system scalability.
In the sixth part, we explore the implementation of JTangPS prototype system andintroduce the practical application of JTangPS by the example of selectivelydisseminating RSS feeds, which demonstrates the system architecture, the semanticdata model, the semantic matching algorithm and the semantic routing algorithmdiscussed in previous parts.
发布／订阅系统在基于内容的数据模型、匹配算法以及路由算法方面已取得相当成熟的研究成果，但还不能迎合新一代网络计算提出的挑战，主要表现在缺乏对语义事件和语义路由的支持上。论文结合国家863课题，主要研究发布／订阅系统的语义数据模型、语义匹配算法和基于对等网络的语义路由算法等关键技术，研制面向新一代网络计算的发布／订阅原型系统——钱塘语义发布／订阅系统(JTang Semantic Publish／Subscribe System，简称JTangPS)，为新一代网络计算提供有力的中间件支持。
论文第一部分论述发布／订阅系统的研究背景和研究意义。在阐述发布／订阅系统基本模型和比较相关通讯模型的基础上，介绍数据模型、匹配算法和路由算法等关键技术的国内外研究现状，总结各种方法的优缺点。分析新一代网络计算对发布／订阅系统提出的新需求，介绍发布／订阅系统的研究热点。
第二部分提出一种基于组件的分层的语义发布／订阅系统体系结构。在分析几种典型发布／订阅系统体系结构优缺点的基础上，介绍发布／订阅系统的设计框架。在设计框架下讨论JTangPS的基本实现技术，并从分层体系结构和具体实现架构两个层次上介绍JTangPS的体系结构。JTangPS的体系结构具有松耦合的特点，系统中的组件可以被相同功能不同实现的其他组件替换，能快速满足不同应用场合的需求。
第三部分提出一种基于Web本体描述语言OWL和资源描述框架RDF的语义数据模型。语义数据模型是系统理解语义信息的基础，由概念模型、事件模型和订阅模型组成。概念模型采用OWL语言，事件模型采用RDF图，订阅模型采用RDF图模式。概念模型可以直接使用现有网络上的OWL本体，而普通的RDF图都可以表述为事件。JTangPS的语义数据模型解决了数据信息语法异构而语义同构的问题，使事件和订阅能被机器无歧义地理解和处理。在此基础上，提出一种新的订阅语言RESL，该语言类似于现有的RDF查询语言。
第四部分提出一种基于RDF图的快速匹配算法。高效的匹配算法是调和系统丰富表达能力和可扩展性矛盾的关键。JTangPS语义匹配算法的基本思想是把事件图和订阅图分解为一系列弧的集合，以弧作为匹配的基本单位；充分利用订阅之间的重叠性，为订阅和事件建立索引，缩小匹配范围；把事件转化为索引结构时，考虑到属性之间的语义关系，添加等价属性和祖先属性到索引；并结合订阅变量的类型约束检查，实现订阅和事件的语义匹配；通过订阅变量绑定表的自然连接操作消除不必要的约束检查，提高事件匹配效率。实验结果表明，该匹配算法在性能上优于G-ToPSS，远优于把事件同每个订阅进行匹配运算的简单匹配算法SMA，是一种高效的语义事件匹配算法。
第五部分提出一种结构化P2P网络上基于集结点的语义路由算法。基于DHT的结构化P2P网络具有自组织性、容错性和扩展性的特点，不仅能够适应于网络的动态变化，还能够保证资源发现的准确率，很适合作为发布／订阅系统的底层结构。JTangPS语义路由算法的基本思路是根据订阅和事件的域标识、属性个数以及属性名映射订阅和事件到集结点，采用P2P的内在路由机制和聚合优化措施来分发事件。通过映射属性名，解决结构化P2P网络上DHT映射精确性与数据模型复杂性之间的矛盾，支持语义路由的同时，避免映射对订阅语言的约束；通过属性个数控制集结点数目和限制事件发布的目的地，减少事件发布流量，避免不必要的事件匹配计算开销；采用P2P的内在路由机制和聚合优化措施来分发事件，充分利用P2P网络容错性的同时，降低事件的路由流量。实验结果表明，在大规模的发布／订阅下，JTangPS的语义路由算法在性能上优于基于逆向路径转发的路由算法，并在路由效率、网络资源消耗、订阅维护效率和扩展性等方面取得了良好的平衡效果。
第六部分探讨JTangPS原型系统的具体实现，通过RSS文档分发的例子介绍系统的应用，验证上述几章所讨论的系统体系结构、语义数据模型、语义匹配算法和语义路由算法。
With the rapid development of Internet, mobile devices and broadband networks,network computing is getting more and more complex. The main characteristics of thenew generation of network computing are large-scale, decentralized control, dynamic,and autonomous. Since publish/subscribe systems have the advantages of loosecoupling, anonymity, many-to-many communication and scalability, they have becomeimportant infrastructure middleware platforms support for the new generation ofnetwork computing.
Publish/subscribe systems have gained fairly mature research results oncontent-based data models, matching algorithms and routing algorithms, but they cannot yet meet challenges posed by the new generation of network computing, mainlydue to the lack of support for semantic events and semantic routing. In order to providepowerful middleware support for the new generation of network computing, this thesismakes the research on key technologies including semantic data model, semanticmatching algorithm, and semantic routing algorithm based on structural P2P networks,and develops a prototype of semantic publish/subscribe system called JTangPS (JTangSemantic Publish / Subscribe System). The work has been supported by the NationalHigh-Tech. R&D Program, China.
In the first part of thesis, we discuss the research background and significance ofpublish/subscribe system. After explaining the basic publish/subscribe system modeland comparing it with relevant communication models, we introduce key technologyresearch situation on data model, matching algorithm and routing algorithm, summingup the advantages and disadvantages of various methods. Then we analyze therequirements of publish/subscribe systems proposed by the new generation of networkcomputing and introduce the research hotspots of publish/subscribe systems.
In the second part, we propose a component-based layered architecture forsemantic publish/subscribe system. After analyzing some typical publish/subscribesystem architectures, we introduce various design frameworks for publish/subscribesystems and discuss basic implementing technologies for JTangPS under the givenframework. At last, we present the architecture of JTangPS on two different levels ofstructures, namly layered architecture and concrete implementing structure. JTangPShas a loosely coupled architecture in which system components can be replaced byones with the same functions but different implementations, thereby quickly meetingthe demands of various application scenarios.
In the third part, we propose a new semantic data model based on OWL (WebOntology Language) and RDF (Resource Description Framework). The semantic datamodel includes conceptual model, event model and subscription model, which is thebase of understanding semantic information for publish/subscribe systems. Theconceptual model uses OWL.language; the event model uses RDF graph; and thesubscription model uses RDF graph pattern. The concept model can directly employexisting OWL ontologies on networks, and ordinary RDF graphs can be treated asevents. The semantic data model of JTangPS solves the problem on data withheterogeneous syntactic structures but homogeneous semantics, so that events andsubscriptions can be understood and dealt by machines without ambiguously. Inaddition, we propose a new subscription language RESL (RDF Event SubscribeLanguage) which is similar to existing RDF query languages.
In the fourth part, we propose a fast RDF graph based matching algorithm.Efficient algorithm is a key technology to reconcile rich expressiveness with systemscalability. The basic idea behind the semantic matching algorithm of JTangPS is:devising an event or a subscription into a series of arcs of which each is the basicmatching unit; creating indexes for subscriptions and events to make full use of theoverlap between subscriptions and narrow the matching scope; adding the equivalentsand ancestors of attribute to index structures and being combined with the type checkof variable bindings of subscriptions to achieve semantic matching; doing natural joinoperations on variable binding tables to eliminate unnecessary constraint checks,thereby improving event matching efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate thatthe algorithm is superior to G-ToPSS in performance and much better than SMA(Simple Matching Algorithm) which simply matches events with each subscription.
In the fifth part, we propose a rendezvous-based semantic routing algorithm onstructured peer-to-peer networks. DHT-based P2P networks are so self-organizing,fault-tolerant and scalable that not only it adapts to the dynamic changes of networks,but also guarantees the resources discovery accuracy, hence being very suitable as thesubstrate of publish/subscribe system. The basic idea behind the semantic routingalgorithm of JTangPS is to map events and subscriptions to rendezvous according tothe combination of domain identifier, the number of attributes and attribute name.Mapping attribute name not only solves the conflict between precision in data mappingand complexity of data model on DHT-based P2P networks, but also avoids theconstraints on subscription language while mapping subscriptions to rendezvous;attribute number controls the number of rendezvous and limits the destinations towhich events are published, thereby reducing the traffic of event publication and avoiding unnecessary event matching computation; it makes full advantage offault-tolerance of P2P and reduces the routing flow for event delivery to employ theembedded routing mechanism of P2P and the aggregation optimization approach.Experimental results show that for large-scale publish/subscribe, the semantic routingalgorithm of JTangPS is superior to the reverse-path based forwarding routingalgorithm and achieves a good balance among routing efficiency, network resourceconsumption, subscription maintenance efficiency and system scalability.
In the sixth part, we explore the implementation of JTangPS prototype system andintroduce the practical application of JTangPS by the example of selectivelydisseminating RSS feeds, which demonstrates the system architecture, the semanticdata model, the semantic matching algorithm and the semantic routing algorithmdiscussed in previous parts.
引文
[1] SETI@home. 1999, http://setiathome.berkeley.edu/
[2] Climate Prediction. 2002, http://climateprediction.net/
[3] B.H. Tay, A. L. Ananda. A survey of remote procedure calls. Operating Systems Review, vol. 24, pp. 68-79, 1990.
[4] Object Management Group (OMG). http://www.omg.org/
[5] Object Management Group (OMG). The Common Object Request Broker: Architecture and Specification, version 3.0. OMG document formal/02-06-33, 2002.
[6] N. Brown, C. Kindel. Distributed Component Object Model Protocol—DCOM/1.0. 1998.
[7] Sun Microsystems Inc. Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI) Specification 1.5, 2004, http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/guide/rmi/spec/rmiTOC.html
[8] M. Franklin, S. Zdonik. "Data in your face": push technology in perspective. ACM SIGMOD Record, vol. 27, pp. 516-519, 1998.
[9] Object Management Group (OMG). The Common Object Request Broker: Core Specification, 2002,
[10] R.H.E. Gamma, R. Johnson, and J. Vlissides. Design Patterns. Reading, MA, USA: Addison-Wesley, 1995.
[11] D. CAROMEL. Towards a method of object-oriented concurrent programming. Commun. ACM Computing Surveys, vol. 36, pp. 90-102, 1993.
[12] D. Schmidt, S. Vinoski. Programming asynchronous method invocations with CORBA messaging. C++ Report, vol. 11, pp. 58-62, 1999.
[13] 汪锦岭．面向Internet的发布／订阅系统的关键技术研究．Ph．D．Thesis，中国科学院软件研究所，2005．
[14] D. Garlan, R. Allen, J. Ockerbloom. Architectural mismatch or why it's hard to build systems out of existing parts. In Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Software engineering, pp. 179-185, 1995.
[15] M. Franklin, S. Zdonik. A framework for scalable dissemination-based systems. In Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications, pp. 94-105, 1997.
[16] A. Carzaniga, E. Di Nitto, D. S. Rosenblum, A. L. Wolf. Issues in supporting event-based architectural styles. In Proceedings of 3rd International Software Architecture Workshop, 1998.
[17] J. Bates, J. Bacon, K. Moody, M. Spiteri. Using events for the scalable federation of heterogeneous components. In Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGOPS European Workshop: Support for Composing Distributed Applications, Sintra, Portugal, 1998.
[18] B. Oki, M. Pfluegl, A. Siegel, D. Skeen. The Information Bus: an architecture for extensible distributed systems. In Proceedings of the fourteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles, pp. 58-68,1994.
[19] G. Banavar, T. Chandra, R. Strom, D. Sturman. A case for message oriented middleware. In Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Distributed Computing, pp. 1-18,1999.
[20] D. Gawlick, S. Mishra. Information sharing with the Oracle database. In Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on Distributed event-based systems, pp. 1-6,2003.
[21] A. Carzaniga, D. S. Rosenblum, A. L. Wolf. Design and Evaluation of a Wide-Area Event Notification Service. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, vol. 19(3), pp. 332-383, 2001.
[22] G. Cugola, E. D. Nitto, A. Fuggetta. The JEDI Event-Based Infrastructure and its Applications to the Development of the OPSS WFMS. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (TSE), vol. 27(9), pp. 827-850, 2001.
[23] R. Strom, G. Banavar, T. Chandra, M. Kaplan, et al. Gryphon: An Information Flow Based Approach to Message Brokering. In Proceedings of In Int'l Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering, 1998.
[24] TIBCO Inc. TIB/Rendezvous. White Paper, 1996, http://www.rv.tibco.com.
[25] Object Management Group (OMG). Corba components, document orbos/99-07-01,1999.
[26] Sun Microsystems Inc. Enterprise JavaBeans specification, version 2.0, 2000, http://java.sun.com/products/ejb
[27] M. P. Papazoglou, D. Georgakopoulos. Service-Oriented Computing. Communications of the ACM, vol. 46, pp. 25-28, 2003.
[28] Y. Huang, A. Slominski, C. Herath, D. Gannon. WS-Messenger: A Web Services based Messaging System for Service-Oriented Grid Computing. 6th IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (CCGrid06), 2006.
[29] K. Leune. An Event-Based Framework For Service-Oriented Computing. ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing, vol. 14,2004.
[30] W. R. Heinzelman, J. Kulik, H. Balakrishnan. Adaptive protocols for information dissemination in wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking, pp. 174-185,1999.
[31] S. Tilak, N. B. Abu-Ghazaleh, W. Heinzelman. A taxonomy of wireless micro-sensor network models. ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, vol. 6, pp. 28-36, 2002.
[32] E. Souto, G. Guimares, G. Vasconcelos, M. Vieira, et al. A message-oriented middleware for sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 2nd workshop on Middleware for pervasive and ad-hoc computing, pp. 127-134, 2004.
[33] E. Souto, G. Guimares, G. Vasconcelos, M. Vieira, et al. Mires: a publish/subscribe middleware for sensor networks. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, vol. 10, pp. 37-44,2006.
[34] P. Costa, G. P. Picco, S. Rossetto. Publish-subscribe on sensor networks: a semi-probabilistic approach. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems Conference, pp. 323-332, 2005.
[35] C. Mascolo, L. Capra, W. Emmerich. Middleware for Mobile Computing (A Survey). Networking 2002 Tutorial Papers, vol. 2497, pp. 20-58, 2002.
[36] T.O.C. View. Reconfigurable context-sensitive middleware for pervasive computing. Pervasive Computing, vol. 1, pp. 33-40, 2002.
[37] G. Cugola, H. A. Jacobsen. Using publish/subscribe middleware for mobile systems. ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, vol. 6, pp. 25-33, 2002.
[38] L. Fiege, F. C. Gartner, O. Kasten, A. Zeidler. Supporting mobility in content-based publish/subscribe middleware, the ACM/IFIP/USENIX International Middleware Conference, 2003.
[39] Y. Huang, H. Garcia-Molina. Publish/Subscribe in a Mobile Environment. Wireless Networks, vol. 10, pp. 643-652, 2004.
[40] T. Sivaharan, G. Blair, G. Coulson. GREEN: A Configurable and Re-configurable Publish-Subscribe Middleware for Pervasive Computing. In Proceedings of DOA, 2005.
[41] A.O. Salas, J. C. Townsend. Framework Requirements for MDO Application Development. In Proceedings of the 7th AIAA/USAF/NASA/ISSMO Symposium on Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization, pp. 261-271, 1998.
[42] S. Kodiyalam, J. Sobieszczanski-Sobieski. Multidisciplinary design optimisation-some formal methods, framework requirements, and application to vehicle design. International Journal of Vehicle Design, vol. 25, pp. 3-22, 2001.
[43] D. Shi, J. Yin, G. Chen, J. Dong. A workflow-based distributed multidisciplinary design optimization framework. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design, 2005.
[44] Y. D. Wang, W. Shen, H. Ghenniwa. WebBlow: a Web/agent-based multidisciplinary design optimization environment. Computers in Industry, vol. 52, pp. 17-28, 2003.
[45] 韦银星，张申生．企业应用集成技术研究．计算机集成制造系统，vol．8，pp．593-596，2002．
[46] T. Joseph. A Messaging-Based Architecture for Enterprise Application Integration. In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE'99), pp. 62-63, 1999.
[47] Sun Microsystems Inc. Java Message Service (JMS) Specification 1.1, 2002, http://java.sun.com/products/jms/docs.html
[48] Object Management Group (OMG). CORBA event service specification 1.2, 2004, http://www.omg.org/technology/documents/formal/event_service.htm
[49] Object Management Group (OMG). CORBA notification service 1.1, 2004, http://www.omg.org/technology/documents/formal/notification_service.htm
[50] R.E. Gruber, B. Krishnamurthy, E. Panagos. The architecture of the READY event notification service. In Proceedings of the 9th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems on Electronic Commerce and Web-Based Applications, pp. 108-113, 1999.
[51] M. Kantor, D. Redmiles. Creating an Infrastructure for Ubiquitous Awareness. In Proceedings of Eighth IFIP TC 13 Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (INTERACT 2001), Tokyo, Japan, 2001.
[52] P. R. Pietzuch, J. M. Bacon. Hermes: A Distributed Event-Based Middleware Architecture. In Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Distributed Event-Based Systems (DEBS'02). In conjunction with the 22nd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS'02), pp. 611-618, Vienna, Austria, July 2002.
[53] B. Segall, D. Arnold, J. Boot, M. Henderson, et al. Content Based Routing with Elvin4. In Proceedings of AUUG2K, Canberra, Australia, 2000.
[54] G. Muhl. Large-Scale content-based publish/subscribe systems. Ph.D. Thesis, Darmstadt University of Technology, 2002.
[55] M. Mansouri-Samani, M. Sloman. GEM: a generalized event monitoring language for distributed systems. Distributed Systems Engineering, vol. 4, pp. 96-108,1997.
[56] A. Rowstron, A.-M. Kermarrec, M. Castro, P. Druschel. Scribe: The Design of a Large-Scale Event Notification Infrastructure. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Networked Group Communication (NGC2001), pp. 30-43, London, UK, November 2001.
[57] S. Q. Zhuang, B. Y. Zhao, A. D. Joseph, J. D. K. Randy H. Katz. Bayeux: An Architecture for Scalable and Fault-tolerant Wide-area Data Dissemination. In Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Network and OS Support for Digital Audio and Video (NOSSDAV'01), June 2001.
[58] L. F. Cabrera, M. B. Jones, M. Theimer. Herald: Achieving a global event notification service. In Proceedings of Eighth Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems (HotOS-VIII), 2001.
[59] P. T. Eugster, P. A. Felber, R. Guerraoui, A.-M. Kermarrec. The Many Faces of Publish/Subscribe. ACM Computing Surveys, vol. 35(2), pp. 114 -131, 2003.
[60] M. Fowler. Inversion of Control Containers and the Dependency Injection pattern, 2004, http://www.itu.dk/courses/VOP/F2006/9_injection.pdf
[61] Y. Liu, I. Gorton, A. Liu, S. Chen. Evaluating the scalability of Enterprise JavaBeans technology. In Proceedings of the Ninth Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference pp. 74-83, 2002.
[62] A. L. Ananda, E. K. Koh. A survey of asynchronous remote procedure calls. Operating systems review, vol. 26, pp. 92-109,1992.
[63] M. C. Tarn, J. M. Smith, D. J. Farber. A taxonomy-based comparison of several distributed shared memory systems. ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review, vol. 24, pp. 40-67,1990.
[64] D. Gelernter. Generative communication in Linda. ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems, vol. 7, pp. 80-112,1985.
[65] Sun Microsystems Inc. JavaSpaces Service Specification 1.1, 2000, http://www.sun.com/software/jini/specs/jinil.lhtml/js-title.html
[66] T. J. Lehman, S. W. McLaughry, P. Wyckoff, I. Center, et al. TSpaces: the next wave. In Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS-32), 1999.
[67] A. Rowstron. WCL: A co-ordination language for geographically distributed agents. World Wide Web, vol. 1, pp. 167-179,1998.
[68] J. Clark, S. DeRose. XML Path Language (XPath) Version 1.0. W3C Recommendation, 1999,
[69] H. Shen, C. Sun. Flexible notification for collaborative systems. In Proceedings of the 2002 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work, pp. 77-86, 2002.
[70] J. Ma, T. Huang, J. Wang, G. Xu, et al. Underlying Techniques for Large-Scale Distributed Computing Oriented Publish/Subscribe System. Journal of Software, vol. 17(1), pp. 134-147, 2006.
[71] R. Lewis. Advanced Messaging Applications with MSMQ and MQSeries: Que, 1999.
[72] M. Altherr, M. Erzberger, S. Maffeis. iBus-a software bus middleware for the Java platform. In Proceedings of International Workshop on Reliable Middleware Systems, pp. 43-53,1999.
[73] M. Castro, P. Druschel, A.-M. Kermarrec, A. Rowstron. Scribe: A Large-scale and Decentralized Application-level Multicast Infrastructure. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 20(8), pp. 100-110, 2002.
[74] G. R. Eugster PT, Sventek J.. Type-Based publish/subscribe. Lausanne: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Technical Report, DSC ID 200029, 2000.
[75] G. Muhl. Generic constraints for content-based publish/subscribe systems. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Cooperative Information Systems (CoopIS'Ol), pp. 211-225, 2001.
[76] S. Duarte, J. L. Martins, H. J. Domingos, N. Preguica. A case study on event dissemination in an active overlay network environment. In Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on Distributed event-based systems, pp. 1-8, 2003.
[77] G. Muhl, L. Fiege. Supporting Covering and Merging in Content-Based Publish/Subscribe Systems: Beyond Name/Value Pairs. IEEE Distributed Systems Online (DSOnline), vol. 2, 2001.
[78] M. Altinel, M. J. Franklin. Efficient Filtering of XML Documents for Selective Dissemination of Information. In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases, pp. 53-64,2000.
[79] B. Segall, D. Arnold. Elvin has left the building: A publish/subscribe notification service with quenching. Proceedings of AUUG97, pp. 3-5,1997.
[80] C. Y. Chan, P. Felber, M. Garofalakis, R. Rastogi. Efficient filtering of XML documents with XPath expressions. The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases, vol. 11, pp. 354-379, 2002.
[81] J. Pereira, F. Fabret, H. A. Jacobsen, F. Llirbat, et al. WebFilter: A High-throughput XML-based Publish and Subscribe System. In Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases, pp. 723-724, 2001.
[82] F. Tian, B. Reinwald, H. Pirahesh, T. Mayr, et al. Implementing a scalable XML publish/subscribe system using relational database systems. In Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data, pp. 479-490, 2004.
[83] 徐罡，马建刚，黄涛．一种基于XML的复合事件模型及其订阅语言．计算机学报，vol．01，2007．
[84] A. Carzaniga, D. S. Rosenblum, A. L. Wolf. Challenges for Distributed Event Services: Scalability vs. Expressiveness. In Proceedings of Engineering Distributed Objects (EDO'99), Los Angeles, CA, USA, 1999.
[85] M.K. Aguilera, R. E. Strom, D. C. Sturman, M. Astley, et al. Matching Events in a Content-Based Subscription System. In Proceedings of the eighteenth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing, pp. 53-61, 1999.
[86] A. Campailla, S. Chaki, E. Clarke, S. Jha, et al. Efficient filtering in publish-subscribe systems using binary decision diagrams. In Proceedings of the 23th International Conference on Software Engineering, pp, 443-452, 2001.
[87] F. Fabret, H. A. Jacobsen, F. Llirbat, J. Pereira, et al. Filtering Algorithms and Implementation for Very Fast Publish/Subscribe. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Management of Data (SIGMOD'01), pp. 115-126, Santa Barbara, CA, USA, May 2001.
[88] Y. Diao, P. Fischer, M. J. Franklin, R. To. YFilter: efficient and scalable filtering of XML documents. In Proceedings of 18th International Conference on Data Engineering, 2002, pp. 341-342, 2002.
[89] Y. Diao, M. Altinel, M. J. Franklin, H. Zhang, et al. Path sharing and predicate evaluation for high-performance XML filtering. ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS), vol. 28, pp. 467-516, 2003.
[90] Y. Diao, S. Rizvi, M. J. Franklin. Towards an Internet-Scale XML Dissemination Service. In Proceedings of the 30th VLDB Conference, pp. 612-623, 2004.
[91] T. J. Green, G. Miklau, M. Onizuka, D. Suciu. Processing XML Streams with Deterministic Automata. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Database Theory, pp. 173-189, 2003.
[92] F. Peng, S. S. Chawathe. XPath queries on streaming data. In Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGMOD international conference on on Management of data, pp. 431-442, 2003.
[93] V. Josifovski, M. Fontoura, A. Barta. Querying XML streams. International Journal on Very Large Data Bases, vol. 14, pp. 197-210, 2005.
[94] H. Liu, H.-A. Jacobsen. A-TOPSS-A Publish/Subscribe System Supporting Approximate Matching. In Proceedings of the 28th VLDB Conference, Hong Kong, China, 2002.
[95] F. Cao, J. P. Singh. Medym: Match-early with dynamic multicast for content-based publish-subscribe networks. In Proceedings of the ACM/IFIP/USENIX 6th International Middleware Conference (Middleware 2005), 2005.
[96] Y. K. Dalal, R. M. Metcalfe. Reverse Path Forwarding of Broadcast Packets. Communications of the ACM, vol. 21(12), pp. 1040-1047, 1978.
[97] F. Cao, J. P. Singh. Efficient Event Routing in Content-based Publish-Subscribe Service Networks. In Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on Computer Communications (IEEE INFOCOM), 2004.
[98] 薛涛,冯博琴．内容发布订阅系统路由算法和自配置策略研究．软件学报,vol．16(2),pp．251-259,2005．
[99] A. Gupta, O. D. Sahin, D. Agrawal, A. E. Abbadi. Meghdoot: Content-Based Publish/Subscribe over P2P Networks. In Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IFIP/USENIX International Middleware Conference (Middleware 2004), pp. 254-273, Toroto, 2004.
[100] Y. Zhu, Y. Hu. Ferry: An Architecture for Content-Based Publish/Subscribe Services on P2P Networks. In Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP'05), pp. 427-434,2005.
[101] D. Tarn, R. Azimi, H.-A. Jacobsen. Building Content-Based Publish/Subscribe Systems with Distributed Hash Tables. In Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Databases, Information Systems and Peer-to-Peer Computing, pp. 138-152, Berlin, Germany, September 2003.
[102] W. W. Terpstra, S. Behnel, L. Fiege, A. Zeidler, et al. A Peer-to-Peer Approach to Content-Based Publish/Subscribe. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Distributed Event-Based Systems(DEBS'03), pp. 1-8, New York, USA, 2003.
[103] I. Stoica, R. Morris, D. Karger, M. F. Kaashoek, et al. Chord: A Scalable Peer-to-peer Lookup Service for Internet Applications. In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM'01, San Diego, CA, USA, August 2001.
[104] J. Wang, B. Jin, J. Wei, J. Li. A Reliable Content-Based Routing Protocol over Structured Peer-to-Peer Networks. In Proceedings of On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2004: CoopIS, DOA, and ODBASE: OTM Confederated International Conferences, CoopIS, DOA, and ODBASE 2004, Agia Napa, Cyprus, October 25-29 2004.
[105] A. Rowstron, P. Druschel. Pastry: Scalable, Decentralized Object Location and Routing for Large-Scale Peer-to-Peer Systems. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Middleware (Middleware'01), pp. 329-350, Heidelberg, Germany, November 2001.
[106] M. Caporuscio, A. Carzaniga, A. L. Wolf. Design and evaluation of a support service for mobile, wireless publish/subscribe applications. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (TSE), vol. 29, pp. 1059-1071, 2003.
[107] V. Muthusamy, M. Petrovic, H. A. Jacobsen. Effects of routing computations in content-based routing networks with mobile data sources. In Proceedings of the 11th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking (MobiCom'05), pp. 103-116, 2005.
[108] G. P. Picco, G. Cugola, A. L. Murphy. Efficient content-based event dispatching in the presence of topological reconfiguration. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, pp. 234-243, 2003.
[109] P. Costa, M. Migliavacca, G. P. Picco, G. Cugola. Introducing reliability in content-based publish-subscribe through epidemic algorithms. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Distributed Event-Based Systems (DEBS'03), 2003.
[110] P. Costa, G. P. Picco. Semi-Probabilistic Content-Based Publish-Subscribe. In Proceedings of the 25th IEEE International Conference onDistributed Computing Systems, pp. 575-585,2005.
[111] A. Demers, D. Greene, C. Hauser, W. Irish, et al. Epidemic algorithms for replicated database maintenance. In Proceedings of the sixth annual ACM Symposium on Principles of distributed computing, pp. 1-12,1987.
[112] P. T. Eugster, R. Guerraoui. Probabilistic multicast. In Proceedings of International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks, pp. 313-322, 2002.
[113] S. Baehni, C. S. Chhabra, R. Guerraoui. Frugal Event Dissemination in a Mobile Environment. In Proceedings of the ACM/IFIP/USENIX 6th International Middleware Conference, 2005.
[114] R. Baldoni, R. Beraldi, G. Cugola, M. Migliavacca, et al. Structure-less Content-Based Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. In Proceedings of International Conference on Pervasive Services 2005 (ICPS'05), 2005.
[115] S. E. Deering. Multicast routing in internetworks and extended LANs. In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM, August 1988.
[116] L. Opyrchal, M. Astley, J. Auerbach, G. Banavar, et al. Exploiting IP multicast in content-based publish-subscribe systems. In Proceedings of the IFIP/ACM International Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms (Middleware 2000), pp. 185-207, 2000.
[117] A. Riabov, Z. Liu, J. L. Wolf, P. S. Yu, et al. Clustering algorithms for content-based publication-subscription systems. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, pp. 133-142, 2002.
[118] M. Guimaraes, L. Rodrigues. A genetic algorithm for multicast mapping in publish-subscribe systems. In Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications, pp. 67-74,2003.
[119] C. Diot, Levine, B., Lyles, B., Kassem, H., Balensiefen, D.: . Deployment issues for the ip multicast service. IEEE Network Magazine, special issue on Multicasting, 2000.
[120] R. Chand, P. Felber. Semantic Peer-to-Peer Overlays for Publish/Subscribe Networks. In Proceedings of the 11th International Euro-Par Conference, pp. 1194-1204, Lisbon, Portugal, August 30 - September 2 2005.
[121] E. Anceaume, A. K. Datta, M. Gradinariu, G. Simon, et al. A Semantic Overlay for Self-* Peer-to-Peer Publish/Subscribe. In Proceedings of the 26th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS'06), 2006.
[122] A. Buchmann, C. Bornhovd, M. Cilia, L. Fiege, et al. DREAM: Distributed reliable event-based application management. P. A. Levene M, Ed.: Springer-Verlag, 2004, pp. 319-352.
[123] M. Cilia, C. Bornhoevd, A. P. Buchmann. CREAM: An Infrastructure for Distributed, Heterogeneous Event-based Applications. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Cooperative Information Systems, pp. 482-502, 2003.
[124] M. Petrovic, I. Burcea, H. A. Jacobsen. S-ToPSS: Semantic Toronto Publish/Subscribe System. In Proceedings of the 29th VLDB Conference, Berlin, Germany, 2003.
[125] M. Petrovic, H. Liu, H. A. Jacobsen. G-ToPSS: Fast Filtering of Graph-based Metadata. In Proceedings of the 14th international conference on World Wide Web, pp. 539-547,Chiba, Japan, May 2005.
[126] M. Petrovic, H. Liu, H.-A. Jacobsen. CMS-ToPSS: Efficient Dissemination of RSS Documents. In Proceedings of the 31st VLDB Conference, Trondheim, Norway, 2005.
[127] I. Burcea, M. Petrovic, H.-A. Jacobsen. I know what you mean: semantic issues in Internet-scale publish/subscribe systems. In Proceedings of the SWDB 2003, pp. 51-62, Berlin, 2003.
[128] C. Bornhovd, A. Buchmann. A Prototype for Metadata-Based Integration of Internet Sources. In Proceedings of CAiSE, 1999.
[129] D. S. Rosenblum, A. L. Wolf. A Design Framework for Internet-Scale Event Observation and Notification. In Proceedings of the 6th European Software Engineering Conference/ACM SIGSOFT 5th Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering, pp. 344-360, Zurich, Switzerland, September 1997.
[130] R. S. S. Filho, D. F. Redmiles. A Survey of Versatility for Publish/Subscribe Infrastructures. Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Technical Report, 2005.
[131] B. Y. Zhao, J. Kubiatowicz, A. D. Joseph. Tapestry: An Infrastructure for Fault-Tolerant Wide-Area Location and Routing. Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA, Technical report, April 2001.
[132] R. Sylvia, F. Paul, H. Mark, K. Richard, et al. A Scalable Content Addressable Network. In Proceedings of In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM 2001, San Diego, California, USA., 2001.
[133] T. B. Lee, J. Hedler, E. Miller. The Semantic Web. Scientific American, vol. 284(5), pp. 34-43, 2001.
[134] F. Manola, E. Miller. RDF Primer. W3C Recommendation 10 February, 2004, http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/
[135] T. B. Lee. RDF and the Semantic Web. Keynote on the XML 2000 conference, Washington DC, 2000, http://www.w3.org/2000/Talks/1206-xml2k-tbl/slidel-O.html
[136] R. Cases, J. Grant, D. Beckett. RDF Test Case. W3C Recommendation 10 February, 2004, http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-testcases/#ntriples
[137] 邓志鸿,唐世渭．Ontology研究综述．北京大学学报：自然科学版,vol．38,PP．730-738,2002．
[138] R. Neches, R. Fikes, T. W. Finin, T. R. Gruber, et al. Enabling Technology for Knowledge Sharing. AI Magazine, vol. 12, pp. 36-56,1991.
[139] B. Swartout, R. Patil, K. Knight, T. Russ. Toward Distributed Use of Large-Scale Ontologies. In Proceedings of the 10th Knowledge Acquisition Workshop (KAW'96), 1996.
[140] D. Fensel. The semantic web and its languages. IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol. 15, pp. 67-73, 2000.
[141] N. F. Noy, D. L. McGuinness. Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology, 2001, http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm/papers/ontology101/ontology101-noy-mcguinness.html
[142] F. T. Fonseca, M. J. Egenhofer, P. Agouris, G. Camara. Research Article Using Ontologies for Integrated Geographic Information Systems. Transactions in GIS, vol. 6, pp. 231-257, 2002.
[143] T. R. Gruber. A Translation Approach to Portable Ontology Specification. Knowledge Acquisition, vol. 5(2), pp. 199-220, 1993.
[144] W. N. Borst. Construction of Engineering Ontologies for Knowledge Sharing and Reuse. PhD Thesis, University of Twente, Enschede, 1997.
[145] D. Fensel. Ontologies: A Silver Bullet for Knowledge Management and Electronic Commerce: Springer Verlag, 2003.
[146] J. Hein, J. Hendler, S. Luke. SHOE: A Knowledge Representation Language for Internet Applications. Inst. for Advanced Computer Studies, Univ. of Maryland, Techn. Report CS-TR-4078, 1999.
[147] P. D. Karp, V. K. Chaudhri, J. Thomerc. XOL: An XML-Bascd Ontology Exchange Language. Version 0.4, 1999, http://www.ai.sri.com/pkarp/xol/xol.html
[148] D. Fensel, I. Horrocks, F. van Harmelen, S. Decker, et al. OIL in a nutshell. In Proceedings of the European Knowledge Acquisition Conference (EKAW-2000), pp. 1-16, 2000.
[149] D. L. McGuinness, R. Fikes, L. A. Stein, J. Hendler. DAML-ONT: An Ontology Language for the Semantic Web. in Spinning the Semantic Web: Bringing the World Wide Web to Its Full Potential, 2003, pp. 65-93.
[150] D. Connolly, F. van Harmelen, I. Horrocks, D. L. McGuinness, et al. DAML+ OIL (March 2001) Reference Description. W3C Note, 2001, http://www.w3.org/TR/daml+oil-reference
[151] D. L. McGuinness, F. van Harmelen. OWL Web Ontology Language Overview. W3C Recommendation 10 February, 2004, http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/
[152] G. Antoniou, F. v. Harmelen. A Semantic Web Primer. Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England: The MIT Press, 2004.
[153] 朱礼军，陶兰，黄赤．语义万维网的概念、方法及应用．计算机工程与应用，vol．3，pp．79-83，2004．
[154] Y. Zou. Auction Ontology, 2003, http://taga.sourceforge.net/owl/auction.owl
[155] P.V. Biron, Ashok Malhotra. XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition. W3C Recommendation 28 October 2004, 2004, http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/
[156] J.J. Carroll, I. Dickinson, C. Dollin, D. Reynolds, et al. Jena: implementing the semantic web recommendations. In Proceedings of the 13th international World Wide Web conference, pp. 74-83, 2004.
[157] E. Prud'hommeaux, A. Seaborne. SPARQL Query Language for RDF. World Wide Web Consortium, 2007, http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/
[158] A. Seaborne. RDQL-A Query Language for RDF. W3C Member Submission, 2004, http://www.w3.org/Submission/RDQL/
[159] J. J. Carroll. Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract Syntax. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommendation, February, 2004, http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/
[160] T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, L. Masinter. RFC 2396 - Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax, 1998, http://www.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2396.txt
[161] E. Yoneki, J. Bacon. Towards Peer-to-Peer Event Broker Grid in Hybrid Network Environments. In Proceedings of Workshop on Grid Computing and Its Application to Data Analysis (GADA), pp. 198-210,2004.
[162] P. A. Chirita, S. Idreos, M. Koubarakis, W. Nejdl. Publish/Subscribe for RDF-based P2P Networks. In Proceedings of the 1st European Semantic Web Symposium, 2004.
[163] P. Shvaiko, J. Euzenat. A survey of schema-based matching approaches. Journal on Data Semantics, vol. 4, pp. 146-171, 2005.
[164] D. Chakrabarti, C. Faloutsos. Graph mining: Laws, generators, and algorithms. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), vol. 38, 2006.
[165] J. J. Carroll, L. Hewlett-Packard. Matching RDF Graphs: Springer, 2001.
[166] D. Shasha, J. T. L. Wang, R. Giugno. Algorithmics and applications of tree and graph searching. In Proceedings of the twenty-first ACM SIGMOD-SIGACT-SIGART symposium on Principles of database systems, pp. 39-52,2002.
[167] C. Shirky. What is P2P... And What Isn't, 2000, http://www.openp2p.com/lpt/a//p2p/2000/ll/24/shirkyl-whatisp2p.html
[168] D. S. Milojicic, V. Kalogeraki, R. Lukose, K. Nagaraja, et al. Peer-to-Peer Computing. HP Laboratories Palo Alto, 2002.
[169] S. Androutsellis-Theotokis, D. Spinellis. A survey of peer-to-peer content distribution technologies. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), vol. 36, pp. 335-371, 2004.
[170] I. Foster, A. Iamnitchi. On Death, Taxes, and the Convergence of Peer-to-Peer and Grid Computing. In Proceedings of 2nd International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems (IPTPS'03), pp. 118-128, 2003.
[171] Napster Incorporation. Napster, 2006, http://free.napster.com/
[172] M. Ripeanu. Peer-to-peer architecture case study: Gnutella network. In Proceedings of Proceedings of International Conference on Peer-to-peer Computing, 2001.
[173] Y.-M. Wang, L. Qiu, D. Achlioptas, G. Das, et al. Subscription Partitioning andRouting in Content-based Publish/Subscribe Systems. In Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC'02), 2002.
[174] FreePastry. 2006, http://freepastry.org/FreePastry
[175] P. Triantafillou, I. Aekaterinidis. Content-based Publish-Subscribe Over Structured P2P Networks. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Distributed Event-Based Systems(DEBS'04). In conjunction with the 26th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE'04), Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, May 24-25 2004.
[176] R. Baldoni, C. Marchetti, A. Virgillito, R. Vitenberg. Content-Based Publish-Subscribe over Structured Overlay Networks. In Proceedings of the 25th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICSCS'05), 2005.
[177] G. Beged-Dov, D. Brickley, R. Dornfest, I.Davis, et al. RDF Site Summary (RSS) 1.0. December, vol. 6,2000.
[178] I. Horrocks. The FaCT system. In Proceedings of Automated Reasoning with Analytic Tableaux and Related Methods: International Conference Tableaux, pp. 307-312,1998.
[179] V. Haarslev, R. Moller. RACER system description. In Proceedings of the Int. Joint Conf, on Automated Reasoning (IJCAR 2001), 2001.
[2] Climate Prediction. 2002, http://climateprediction.net/
[3] B.H. Tay, A. L. Ananda. A survey of remote procedure calls. Operating Systems Review, vol. 24, pp. 68-79, 1990.
[4] Object Management Group (OMG). http://www.omg.org/
[5] Object Management Group (OMG). The Common Object Request Broker: Architecture and Specification, version 3.0. OMG document formal/02-06-33, 2002.
[6] N. Brown, C. Kindel. Distributed Component Object Model Protocol—DCOM/1.0. 1998.
[7] Sun Microsystems Inc. Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI) Specification 1.5, 2004, http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/guide/rmi/spec/rmiTOC.html
[8] M. Franklin, S. Zdonik. "Data in your face": push technology in perspective. ACM SIGMOD Record, vol. 27, pp. 516-519, 1998.
[9] Object Management Group (OMG). The Common Object Request Broker: Core Specification, 2002,
[10] R.H.E. Gamma, R. Johnson, and J. Vlissides. Design Patterns. Reading, MA, USA: Addison-Wesley, 1995.
[11] D. CAROMEL. Towards a method of object-oriented concurrent programming. Commun. ACM Computing Surveys, vol. 36, pp. 90-102, 1993.
[12] D. Schmidt, S. Vinoski. Programming asynchronous method invocations with CORBA messaging. C++ Report, vol. 11, pp. 58-62, 1999.
[13] 汪锦岭．面向Internet的发布／订阅系统的关键技术研究．Ph．D．Thesis，中国科学院软件研究所，2005．
[14] D. Garlan, R. Allen, J. Ockerbloom. Architectural mismatch or why it's hard to build systems out of existing parts. In Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Software engineering, pp. 179-185, 1995.
[15] M. Franklin, S. Zdonik. A framework for scalable dissemination-based systems. In Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications, pp. 94-105, 1997.
[16] A. Carzaniga, E. Di Nitto, D. S. Rosenblum, A. L. Wolf. Issues in supporting event-based architectural styles. In Proceedings of 3rd International Software Architecture Workshop, 1998.
[17] J. Bates, J. Bacon, K. Moody, M. Spiteri. Using events for the scalable federation of heterogeneous components. In Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGOPS European Workshop: Support for Composing Distributed Applications, Sintra, Portugal, 1998.
[18] B. Oki, M. Pfluegl, A. Siegel, D. Skeen. The Information Bus: an architecture for extensible distributed systems. In Proceedings of the fourteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles, pp. 58-68,1994.
[19] G. Banavar, T. Chandra, R. Strom, D. Sturman. A case for message oriented middleware. In Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Distributed Computing, pp. 1-18,1999.
[20] D. Gawlick, S. Mishra. Information sharing with the Oracle database. In Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on Distributed event-based systems, pp. 1-6,2003.
[21] A. Carzaniga, D. S. Rosenblum, A. L. Wolf. Design and Evaluation of a Wide-Area Event Notification Service. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, vol. 19(3), pp. 332-383, 2001.
[22] G. Cugola, E. D. Nitto, A. Fuggetta. The JEDI Event-Based Infrastructure and its Applications to the Development of the OPSS WFMS. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (TSE), vol. 27(9), pp. 827-850, 2001.
[23] R. Strom, G. Banavar, T. Chandra, M. Kaplan, et al. Gryphon: An Information Flow Based Approach to Message Brokering. In Proceedings of In Int'l Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering, 1998.
[24] TIBCO Inc. TIB/Rendezvous. White Paper, 1996, http://www.rv.tibco.com.
[25] Object Management Group (OMG). Corba components, document orbos/99-07-01,1999.
[26] Sun Microsystems Inc. Enterprise JavaBeans specification, version 2.0, 2000, http://java.sun.com/products/ejb
[27] M. P. Papazoglou, D. Georgakopoulos. Service-Oriented Computing. Communications of the ACM, vol. 46, pp. 25-28, 2003.
[28] Y. Huang, A. Slominski, C. Herath, D. Gannon. WS-Messenger: A Web Services based Messaging System for Service-Oriented Grid Computing. 6th IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (CCGrid06), 2006.
[29] K. Leune. An Event-Based Framework For Service-Oriented Computing. ICEIS 2004: Software Agents and Internet Computing, vol. 14,2004.
[30] W. R. Heinzelman, J. Kulik, H. Balakrishnan. Adaptive protocols for information dissemination in wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking, pp. 174-185,1999.
[31] S. Tilak, N. B. Abu-Ghazaleh, W. Heinzelman. A taxonomy of wireless micro-sensor network models. ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, vol. 6, pp. 28-36, 2002.
[32] E. Souto, G. Guimares, G. Vasconcelos, M. Vieira, et al. A message-oriented middleware for sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 2nd workshop on Middleware for pervasive and ad-hoc computing, pp. 127-134, 2004.
[33] E. Souto, G. Guimares, G. Vasconcelos, M. Vieira, et al. Mires: a publish/subscribe middleware for sensor networks. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, vol. 10, pp. 37-44,2006.
[34] P. Costa, G. P. Picco, S. Rossetto. Publish-subscribe on sensor networks: a semi-probabilistic approach. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems Conference, pp. 323-332, 2005.
[35] C. Mascolo, L. Capra, W. Emmerich. Middleware for Mobile Computing (A Survey). Networking 2002 Tutorial Papers, vol. 2497, pp. 20-58, 2002.
[36] T.O.C. View. Reconfigurable context-sensitive middleware for pervasive computing. Pervasive Computing, vol. 1, pp. 33-40, 2002.
[37] G. Cugola, H. A. Jacobsen. Using publish/subscribe middleware for mobile systems. ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, vol. 6, pp. 25-33, 2002.
[38] L. Fiege, F. C. Gartner, O. Kasten, A. Zeidler. Supporting mobility in content-based publish/subscribe middleware, the ACM/IFIP/USENIX International Middleware Conference, 2003.
[39] Y. Huang, H. Garcia-Molina. Publish/Subscribe in a Mobile Environment. Wireless Networks, vol. 10, pp. 643-652, 2004.
[40] T. Sivaharan, G. Blair, G. Coulson. GREEN: A Configurable and Re-configurable Publish-Subscribe Middleware for Pervasive Computing. In Proceedings of DOA, 2005.
[41] A.O. Salas, J. C. Townsend. Framework Requirements for MDO Application Development. In Proceedings of the 7th AIAA/USAF/NASA/ISSMO Symposium on Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization, pp. 261-271, 1998.
[42] S. Kodiyalam, J. Sobieszczanski-Sobieski. Multidisciplinary design optimisation-some formal methods, framework requirements, and application to vehicle design. International Journal of Vehicle Design, vol. 25, pp. 3-22, 2001.
[43] D. Shi, J. Yin, G. Chen, J. Dong. A workflow-based distributed multidisciplinary design optimization framework. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design, 2005.
[44] Y. D. Wang, W. Shen, H. Ghenniwa. WebBlow: a Web/agent-based multidisciplinary design optimization environment. Computers in Industry, vol. 52, pp. 17-28, 2003.
[45] 韦银星，张申生．企业应用集成技术研究．计算机集成制造系统，vol．8，pp．593-596，2002．
[46] T. Joseph. A Messaging-Based Architecture for Enterprise Application Integration. In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE'99), pp. 62-63, 1999.
[47] Sun Microsystems Inc. Java Message Service (JMS) Specification 1.1, 2002, http://java.sun.com/products/jms/docs.html
[48] Object Management Group (OMG). CORBA event service specification 1.2, 2004, http://www.omg.org/technology/documents/formal/event_service.htm
[49] Object Management Group (OMG). CORBA notification service 1.1, 2004, http://www.omg.org/technology/documents/formal/notification_service.htm
[50] R.E. Gruber, B. Krishnamurthy, E. Panagos. The architecture of the READY event notification service. In Proceedings of the 9th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems on Electronic Commerce and Web-Based Applications, pp. 108-113, 1999.
[51] M. Kantor, D. Redmiles. Creating an Infrastructure for Ubiquitous Awareness. In Proceedings of Eighth IFIP TC 13 Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (INTERACT 2001), Tokyo, Japan, 2001.
[52] P. R. Pietzuch, J. M. Bacon. Hermes: A Distributed Event-Based Middleware Architecture. In Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Distributed Event-Based Systems (DEBS'02). In conjunction with the 22nd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS'02), pp. 611-618, Vienna, Austria, July 2002.
[53] B. Segall, D. Arnold, J. Boot, M. Henderson, et al. Content Based Routing with Elvin4. In Proceedings of AUUG2K, Canberra, Australia, 2000.
[54] G. Muhl. Large-Scale content-based publish/subscribe systems. Ph.D. Thesis, Darmstadt University of Technology, 2002.
[55] M. Mansouri-Samani, M. Sloman. GEM: a generalized event monitoring language for distributed systems. Distributed Systems Engineering, vol. 4, pp. 96-108,1997.
[56] A. Rowstron, A.-M. Kermarrec, M. Castro, P. Druschel. Scribe: The Design of a Large-Scale Event Notification Infrastructure. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Networked Group Communication (NGC2001), pp. 30-43, London, UK, November 2001.
[57] S. Q. Zhuang, B. Y. Zhao, A. D. Joseph, J. D. K. Randy H. Katz. Bayeux: An Architecture for Scalable and Fault-tolerant Wide-area Data Dissemination. In Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Network and OS Support for Digital Audio and Video (NOSSDAV'01), June 2001.
[58] L. F. Cabrera, M. B. Jones, M. Theimer. Herald: Achieving a global event notification service. In Proceedings of Eighth Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems (HotOS-VIII), 2001.
[59] P. T. Eugster, P. A. Felber, R. Guerraoui, A.-M. Kermarrec. The Many Faces of Publish/Subscribe. ACM Computing Surveys, vol. 35(2), pp. 114 -131, 2003.
[60] M. Fowler. Inversion of Control Containers and the Dependency Injection pattern, 2004, http://www.itu.dk/courses/VOP/F2006/9_injection.pdf
[61] Y. Liu, I. Gorton, A. Liu, S. Chen. Evaluating the scalability of Enterprise JavaBeans technology. In Proceedings of the Ninth Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference pp. 74-83, 2002.
[62] A. L. Ananda, E. K. Koh. A survey of asynchronous remote procedure calls. Operating systems review, vol. 26, pp. 92-109,1992.
[63] M. C. Tarn, J. M. Smith, D. J. Farber. A taxonomy-based comparison of several distributed shared memory systems. ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review, vol. 24, pp. 40-67,1990.
[64] D. Gelernter. Generative communication in Linda. ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems, vol. 7, pp. 80-112,1985.
[65] Sun Microsystems Inc. JavaSpaces Service Specification 1.1, 2000, http://www.sun.com/software/jini/specs/jinil.lhtml/js-title.html
[66] T. J. Lehman, S. W. McLaughry, P. Wyckoff, I. Center, et al. TSpaces: the next wave. In Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS-32), 1999.
[67] A. Rowstron. WCL: A co-ordination language for geographically distributed agents. World Wide Web, vol. 1, pp. 167-179,1998.
[68] J. Clark, S. DeRose. XML Path Language (XPath) Version 1.0. W3C Recommendation, 1999,
[69] H. Shen, C. Sun. Flexible notification for collaborative systems. In Proceedings of the 2002 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work, pp. 77-86, 2002.
[70] J. Ma, T. Huang, J. Wang, G. Xu, et al. Underlying Techniques for Large-Scale Distributed Computing Oriented Publish/Subscribe System. Journal of Software, vol. 17(1), pp. 134-147, 2006.
[71] R. Lewis. Advanced Messaging Applications with MSMQ and MQSeries: Que, 1999.
[72] M. Altherr, M. Erzberger, S. Maffeis. iBus-a software bus middleware for the Java platform. In Proceedings of International Workshop on Reliable Middleware Systems, pp. 43-53,1999.
[73] M. Castro, P. Druschel, A.-M. Kermarrec, A. Rowstron. Scribe: A Large-scale and Decentralized Application-level Multicast Infrastructure. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 20(8), pp. 100-110, 2002.
[74] G. R. Eugster PT, Sventek J.. Type-Based publish/subscribe. Lausanne: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Technical Report, DSC ID 200029, 2000.
[75] G. Muhl. Generic constraints for content-based publish/subscribe systems. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Cooperative Information Systems (CoopIS'Ol), pp. 211-225, 2001.
[76] S. Duarte, J. L. Martins, H. J. Domingos, N. Preguica. A case study on event dissemination in an active overlay network environment. In Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on Distributed event-based systems, pp. 1-8, 2003.
[77] G. Muhl, L. Fiege. Supporting Covering and Merging in Content-Based Publish/Subscribe Systems: Beyond Name/Value Pairs. IEEE Distributed Systems Online (DSOnline), vol. 2, 2001.
[78] M. Altinel, M. J. Franklin. Efficient Filtering of XML Documents for Selective Dissemination of Information. In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases, pp. 53-64,2000.
[79] B. Segall, D. Arnold. Elvin has left the building: A publish/subscribe notification service with quenching. Proceedings of AUUG97, pp. 3-5,1997.
[80] C. Y. Chan, P. Felber, M. Garofalakis, R. Rastogi. Efficient filtering of XML documents with XPath expressions. The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases, vol. 11, pp. 354-379, 2002.
[81] J. Pereira, F. Fabret, H. A. Jacobsen, F. Llirbat, et al. WebFilter: A High-throughput XML-based Publish and Subscribe System. In Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases, pp. 723-724, 2001.
[82] F. Tian, B. Reinwald, H. Pirahesh, T. Mayr, et al. Implementing a scalable XML publish/subscribe system using relational database systems. In Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data, pp. 479-490, 2004.
[83] 徐罡，马建刚，黄涛．一种基于XML的复合事件模型及其订阅语言．计算机学报，vol．01，2007．
[84] A. Carzaniga, D. S. Rosenblum, A. L. Wolf. Challenges for Distributed Event Services: Scalability vs. Expressiveness. In Proceedings of Engineering Distributed Objects (EDO'99), Los Angeles, CA, USA, 1999.
[85] M.K. Aguilera, R. E. Strom, D. C. Sturman, M. Astley, et al. Matching Events in a Content-Based Subscription System. In Proceedings of the eighteenth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing, pp. 53-61, 1999.
[86] A. Campailla, S. Chaki, E. Clarke, S. Jha, et al. Efficient filtering in publish-subscribe systems using binary decision diagrams. In Proceedings of the 23th International Conference on Software Engineering, pp, 443-452, 2001.
[87] F. Fabret, H. A. Jacobsen, F. Llirbat, J. Pereira, et al. Filtering Algorithms and Implementation for Very Fast Publish/Subscribe. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Management of Data (SIGMOD'01), pp. 115-126, Santa Barbara, CA, USA, May 2001.
[88] Y. Diao, P. Fischer, M. J. Franklin, R. To. YFilter: efficient and scalable filtering of XML documents. In Proceedings of 18th International Conference on Data Engineering, 2002, pp. 341-342, 2002.
[89] Y. Diao, M. Altinel, M. J. Franklin, H. Zhang, et al. Path sharing and predicate evaluation for high-performance XML filtering. ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS), vol. 28, pp. 467-516, 2003.
[90] Y. Diao, S. Rizvi, M. J. Franklin. Towards an Internet-Scale XML Dissemination Service. In Proceedings of the 30th VLDB Conference, pp. 612-623, 2004.
[91] T. J. Green, G. Miklau, M. Onizuka, D. Suciu. Processing XML Streams with Deterministic Automata. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Database Theory, pp. 173-189, 2003.
[92] F. Peng, S. S. Chawathe. XPath queries on streaming data. In Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGMOD international conference on on Management of data, pp. 431-442, 2003.
[93] V. Josifovski, M. Fontoura, A. Barta. Querying XML streams. International Journal on Very Large Data Bases, vol. 14, pp. 197-210, 2005.
[94] H. Liu, H.-A. Jacobsen. A-TOPSS-A Publish/Subscribe System Supporting Approximate Matching. In Proceedings of the 28th VLDB Conference, Hong Kong, China, 2002.
[95] F. Cao, J. P. Singh. Medym: Match-early with dynamic multicast for content-based publish-subscribe networks. In Proceedings of the ACM/IFIP/USENIX 6th International Middleware Conference (Middleware 2005), 2005.
[96] Y. K. Dalal, R. M. Metcalfe. Reverse Path Forwarding of Broadcast Packets. Communications of the ACM, vol. 21(12), pp. 1040-1047, 1978.
[97] F. Cao, J. P. Singh. Efficient Event Routing in Content-based Publish-Subscribe Service Networks. In Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on Computer Communications (IEEE INFOCOM), 2004.
[98] 薛涛,冯博琴．内容发布订阅系统路由算法和自配置策略研究．软件学报,vol．16(2),pp．251-259,2005．
[99] A. Gupta, O. D. Sahin, D. Agrawal, A. E. Abbadi. Meghdoot: Content-Based Publish/Subscribe over P2P Networks. In Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IFIP/USENIX International Middleware Conference (Middleware 2004), pp. 254-273, Toroto, 2004.
[100] Y. Zhu, Y. Hu. Ferry: An Architecture for Content-Based Publish/Subscribe Services on P2P Networks. In Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP'05), pp. 427-434,2005.
[101] D. Tarn, R. Azimi, H.-A. Jacobsen. Building Content-Based Publish/Subscribe Systems with Distributed Hash Tables. In Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Databases, Information Systems and Peer-to-Peer Computing, pp. 138-152, Berlin, Germany, September 2003.
[102] W. W. Terpstra, S. Behnel, L. Fiege, A. Zeidler, et al. A Peer-to-Peer Approach to Content-Based Publish/Subscribe. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Distributed Event-Based Systems(DEBS'03), pp. 1-8, New York, USA, 2003.
[103] I. Stoica, R. Morris, D. Karger, M. F. Kaashoek, et al. Chord: A Scalable Peer-to-peer Lookup Service for Internet Applications. In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM'01, San Diego, CA, USA, August 2001.
[104] J. Wang, B. Jin, J. Wei, J. Li. A Reliable Content-Based Routing Protocol over Structured Peer-to-Peer Networks. In Proceedings of On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2004: CoopIS, DOA, and ODBASE: OTM Confederated International Conferences, CoopIS, DOA, and ODBASE 2004, Agia Napa, Cyprus, October 25-29 2004.
[105] A. Rowstron, P. Druschel. Pastry: Scalable, Decentralized Object Location and Routing for Large-Scale Peer-to-Peer Systems. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Middleware (Middleware'01), pp. 329-350, Heidelberg, Germany, November 2001.
[106] M. Caporuscio, A. Carzaniga, A. L. Wolf. Design and evaluation of a support service for mobile, wireless publish/subscribe applications. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (TSE), vol. 29, pp. 1059-1071, 2003.
[107] V. Muthusamy, M. Petrovic, H. A. Jacobsen. Effects of routing computations in content-based routing networks with mobile data sources. In Proceedings of the 11th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking (MobiCom'05), pp. 103-116, 2005.
[108] G. P. Picco, G. Cugola, A. L. Murphy. Efficient content-based event dispatching in the presence of topological reconfiguration. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, pp. 234-243, 2003.
[109] P. Costa, M. Migliavacca, G. P. Picco, G. Cugola. Introducing reliability in content-based publish-subscribe through epidemic algorithms. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Distributed Event-Based Systems (DEBS'03), 2003.
[110] P. Costa, G. P. Picco. Semi-Probabilistic Content-Based Publish-Subscribe. In Proceedings of the 25th IEEE International Conference onDistributed Computing Systems, pp. 575-585,2005.
[111] A. Demers, D. Greene, C. Hauser, W. Irish, et al. Epidemic algorithms for replicated database maintenance. In Proceedings of the sixth annual ACM Symposium on Principles of distributed computing, pp. 1-12,1987.
[112] P. T. Eugster, R. Guerraoui. Probabilistic multicast. In Proceedings of International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks, pp. 313-322, 2002.
[113] S. Baehni, C. S. Chhabra, R. Guerraoui. Frugal Event Dissemination in a Mobile Environment. In Proceedings of the ACM/IFIP/USENIX 6th International Middleware Conference, 2005.
[114] R. Baldoni, R. Beraldi, G. Cugola, M. Migliavacca, et al. Structure-less Content-Based Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. In Proceedings of International Conference on Pervasive Services 2005 (ICPS'05), 2005.
[115] S. E. Deering. Multicast routing in internetworks and extended LANs. In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM, August 1988.
[116] L. Opyrchal, M. Astley, J. Auerbach, G. Banavar, et al. Exploiting IP multicast in content-based publish-subscribe systems. In Proceedings of the IFIP/ACM International Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms (Middleware 2000), pp. 185-207, 2000.
[117] A. Riabov, Z. Liu, J. L. Wolf, P. S. Yu, et al. Clustering algorithms for content-based publication-subscription systems. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, pp. 133-142, 2002.
[118] M. Guimaraes, L. Rodrigues. A genetic algorithm for multicast mapping in publish-subscribe systems. In Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications, pp. 67-74,2003.
[119] C. Diot, Levine, B., Lyles, B., Kassem, H., Balensiefen, D.: . Deployment issues for the ip multicast service. IEEE Network Magazine, special issue on Multicasting, 2000.
[120] R. Chand, P. Felber. Semantic Peer-to-Peer Overlays for Publish/Subscribe Networks. In Proceedings of the 11th International Euro-Par Conference, pp. 1194-1204, Lisbon, Portugal, August 30 - September 2 2005.
[121] E. Anceaume, A. K. Datta, M. Gradinariu, G. Simon, et al. A Semantic Overlay for Self-* Peer-to-Peer Publish/Subscribe. In Proceedings of the 26th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS'06), 2006.
[122] A. Buchmann, C. Bornhovd, M. Cilia, L. Fiege, et al. DREAM: Distributed reliable event-based application management. P. A. Levene M, Ed.: Springer-Verlag, 2004, pp. 319-352.
[123] M. Cilia, C. Bornhoevd, A. P. Buchmann. CREAM: An Infrastructure for Distributed, Heterogeneous Event-based Applications. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Cooperative Information Systems, pp. 482-502, 2003.
[124] M. Petrovic, I. Burcea, H. A. Jacobsen. S-ToPSS: Semantic Toronto Publish/Subscribe System. In Proceedings of the 29th VLDB Conference, Berlin, Germany, 2003.
[125] M. Petrovic, H. Liu, H. A. Jacobsen. G-ToPSS: Fast Filtering of Graph-based Metadata. In Proceedings of the 14th international conference on World Wide Web, pp. 539-547,Chiba, Japan, May 2005.
[126] M. Petrovic, H. Liu, H.-A. Jacobsen. CMS-ToPSS: Efficient Dissemination of RSS Documents. In Proceedings of the 31st VLDB Conference, Trondheim, Norway, 2005.
[127] I. Burcea, M. Petrovic, H.-A. Jacobsen. I know what you mean: semantic issues in Internet-scale publish/subscribe systems. In Proceedings of the SWDB 2003, pp. 51-62, Berlin, 2003.
[128] C. Bornhovd, A. Buchmann. A Prototype for Metadata-Based Integration of Internet Sources. In Proceedings of CAiSE, 1999.
[129] D. S. Rosenblum, A. L. Wolf. A Design Framework for Internet-Scale Event Observation and Notification. In Proceedings of the 6th European Software Engineering Conference/ACM SIGSOFT 5th Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering, pp. 344-360, Zurich, Switzerland, September 1997.
[130] R. S. S. Filho, D. F. Redmiles. A Survey of Versatility for Publish/Subscribe Infrastructures. Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Technical Report, 2005.
[131] B. Y. Zhao, J. Kubiatowicz, A. D. Joseph. Tapestry: An Infrastructure for Fault-Tolerant Wide-Area Location and Routing. Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA, Technical report, April 2001.
[132] R. Sylvia, F. Paul, H. Mark, K. Richard, et al. A Scalable Content Addressable Network. In Proceedings of In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM 2001, San Diego, California, USA., 2001.
[133] T. B. Lee, J. Hedler, E. Miller. The Semantic Web. Scientific American, vol. 284(5), pp. 34-43, 2001.
[134] F. Manola, E. Miller. RDF Primer. W3C Recommendation 10 February, 2004, http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/
[135] T. B. Lee. RDF and the Semantic Web. Keynote on the XML 2000 conference, Washington DC, 2000, http://www.w3.org/2000/Talks/1206-xml2k-tbl/slidel-O.html
[136] R. Cases, J. Grant, D. Beckett. RDF Test Case. W3C Recommendation 10 February, 2004, http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-testcases/#ntriples
[137] 邓志鸿,唐世渭．Ontology研究综述．北京大学学报：自然科学版,vol．38,PP．730-738,2002．
[138] R. Neches, R. Fikes, T. W. Finin, T. R. Gruber, et al. Enabling Technology for Knowledge Sharing. AI Magazine, vol. 12, pp. 36-56,1991.
[139] B. Swartout, R. Patil, K. Knight, T. Russ. Toward Distributed Use of Large-Scale Ontologies. In Proceedings of the 10th Knowledge Acquisition Workshop (KAW'96), 1996.
[140] D. Fensel. The semantic web and its languages. IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol. 15, pp. 67-73, 2000.
[141] N. F. Noy, D. L. McGuinness. Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology, 2001, http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm/papers/ontology101/ontology101-noy-mcguinness.html
[142] F. T. Fonseca, M. J. Egenhofer, P. Agouris, G. Camara. Research Article Using Ontologies for Integrated Geographic Information Systems. Transactions in GIS, vol. 6, pp. 231-257, 2002.
[143] T. R. Gruber. A Translation Approach to Portable Ontology Specification. Knowledge Acquisition, vol. 5(2), pp. 199-220, 1993.
[144] W. N. Borst. Construction of Engineering Ontologies for Knowledge Sharing and Reuse. PhD Thesis, University of Twente, Enschede, 1997.
[145] D. Fensel. Ontologies: A Silver Bullet for Knowledge Management and Electronic Commerce: Springer Verlag, 2003.
[146] J. Hein, J. Hendler, S. Luke. SHOE: A Knowledge Representation Language for Internet Applications. Inst. for Advanced Computer Studies, Univ. of Maryland, Techn. Report CS-TR-4078, 1999.
[147] P. D. Karp, V. K. Chaudhri, J. Thomerc. XOL: An XML-Bascd Ontology Exchange Language. Version 0.4, 1999, http://www.ai.sri.com/pkarp/xol/xol.html
[148] D. Fensel, I. Horrocks, F. van Harmelen, S. Decker, et al. OIL in a nutshell. In Proceedings of the European Knowledge Acquisition Conference (EKAW-2000), pp. 1-16, 2000.
[149] D. L. McGuinness, R. Fikes, L. A. Stein, J. Hendler. DAML-ONT: An Ontology Language for the Semantic Web. in Spinning the Semantic Web: Bringing the World Wide Web to Its Full Potential, 2003, pp. 65-93.
[150] D. Connolly, F. van Harmelen, I. Horrocks, D. L. McGuinness, et al. DAML+ OIL (March 2001) Reference Description. W3C Note, 2001, http://www.w3.org/TR/daml+oil-reference
[151] D. L. McGuinness, F. van Harmelen. OWL Web Ontology Language Overview. W3C Recommendation 10 February, 2004, http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/
[152] G. Antoniou, F. v. Harmelen. A Semantic Web Primer. Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England: The MIT Press, 2004.
[153] 朱礼军，陶兰，黄赤．语义万维网的概念、方法及应用．计算机工程与应用，vol．3，pp．79-83，2004．
[154] Y. Zou. Auction Ontology, 2003, http://taga.sourceforge.net/owl/auction.owl
[155] P.V. Biron, Ashok Malhotra. XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition. W3C Recommendation 28 October 2004, 2004, http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/
[156] J.J. Carroll, I. Dickinson, C. Dollin, D. Reynolds, et al. Jena: implementing the semantic web recommendations. In Proceedings of the 13th international World Wide Web conference, pp. 74-83, 2004.
[157] E. Prud'hommeaux, A. Seaborne. SPARQL Query Language for RDF. World Wide Web Consortium, 2007, http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/
[158] A. Seaborne. RDQL-A Query Language for RDF. W3C Member Submission, 2004, http://www.w3.org/Submission/RDQL/
[159] J. J. Carroll. Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract Syntax. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommendation, February, 2004, http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/
[160] T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, L. Masinter. RFC 2396 - Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax, 1998, http://www.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2396.txt
[161] E. Yoneki, J. Bacon. Towards Peer-to-Peer Event Broker Grid in Hybrid Network Environments. In Proceedings of Workshop on Grid Computing and Its Application to Data Analysis (GADA), pp. 198-210,2004.
[162] P. A. Chirita, S. Idreos, M. Koubarakis, W. Nejdl. Publish/Subscribe for RDF-based P2P Networks. In Proceedings of the 1st European Semantic Web Symposium, 2004.
[163] P. Shvaiko, J. Euzenat. A survey of schema-based matching approaches. Journal on Data Semantics, vol. 4, pp. 146-171, 2005.
[164] D. Chakrabarti, C. Faloutsos. Graph mining: Laws, generators, and algorithms. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), vol. 38, 2006.
[165] J. J. Carroll, L. Hewlett-Packard. Matching RDF Graphs: Springer, 2001.
[166] D. Shasha, J. T. L. Wang, R. Giugno. Algorithmics and applications of tree and graph searching. In Proceedings of the twenty-first ACM SIGMOD-SIGACT-SIGART symposium on Principles of database systems, pp. 39-52,2002.
[167] C. Shirky. What is P2P... And What Isn't, 2000, http://www.openp2p.com/lpt/a//p2p/2000/ll/24/shirkyl-whatisp2p.html
[168] D. S. Milojicic, V. Kalogeraki, R. Lukose, K. Nagaraja, et al. Peer-to-Peer Computing. HP Laboratories Palo Alto, 2002.
[169] S. Androutsellis-Theotokis, D. Spinellis. A survey of peer-to-peer content distribution technologies. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), vol. 36, pp. 335-371, 2004.
[170] I. Foster, A. Iamnitchi. On Death, Taxes, and the Convergence of Peer-to-Peer and Grid Computing. In Proceedings of 2nd International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems (IPTPS'03), pp. 118-128, 2003.
[171] Napster Incorporation. Napster, 2006, http://free.napster.com/
[172] M. Ripeanu. Peer-to-peer architecture case study: Gnutella network. In Proceedings of Proceedings of International Conference on Peer-to-peer Computing, 2001.
[173] Y.-M. Wang, L. Qiu, D. Achlioptas, G. Das, et al. Subscription Partitioning andRouting in Content-based Publish/Subscribe Systems. In Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC'02), 2002.
[174] FreePastry. 2006, http://freepastry.org/FreePastry
[175] P. Triantafillou, I. Aekaterinidis. Content-based Publish-Subscribe Over Structured P2P Networks. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Distributed Event-Based Systems(DEBS'04). In conjunction with the 26th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE'04), Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, May 24-25 2004.
[176] R. Baldoni, C. Marchetti, A. Virgillito, R. Vitenberg. Content-Based Publish-Subscribe over Structured Overlay Networks. In Proceedings of the 25th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICSCS'05), 2005.
[177] G. Beged-Dov, D. Brickley, R. Dornfest, I.Davis, et al. RDF Site Summary (RSS) 1.0. December, vol. 6,2000.
[178] I. Horrocks. The FaCT system. In Proceedings of Automated Reasoning with Analytic Tableaux and Related Methods: International Conference Tableaux, pp. 307-312,1998.
[179] V. Haarslev, R. Moller. RACER system description. In Proceedings of the Int. Joint Conf, on Automated Reasoning (IJCAR 2001), 2001.