飞机液压防滑刹车系统故障诊断研究
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摘要
液压防滑刹车系统是飞机机载设备的重要组成部分,它在飞机的起飞与着陆过程中起着至关重要的作用,可以说它的好坏与否直接影响到飞行员和飞机的安全。为了不断增强飞机液压防滑刹车系统的可靠性、安全性,保证正常飞行训练和作战任务的执行,对飞机在滑跑和着陆过程中液压防滑刹车系统可能发生的故障进行检测和诊断,显得异常的重要和必要。而目前基层的航空兵机务部队对飞机液压防滑刹车系统的故障诊断,主要采用人工经验和查找故障手册的诊断方法。这种方法效率低、实时性差、主观性强,已经越来越不能满足训练和安全的需要。
本文详细地研究了故障诊断的常用方法,总结了各种故障诊断方法的优、缺点。结合目前基层航空兵机务部队故障诊断的实际情况、部队维护人员常用的故障诊断技术以及飞机液压防滑刹车系统的工作原理和特点,本文采用了基于故障树的故障诊断专家系统方法,对某型飞机液压防滑刹车系统的整体进行故障诊断;采用BP神经网络诊断方法和基于模型的诊断方法对刹车系统中某些关键机件进行故障诊断。
通过查阅资料以及总结自己多年来的飞机维护经验,本文建立了某型飞机液压防滑刹车系统的故障树,并对故障树进行了定性分析。为了提高专家系统的推理效率,本文对建立的故障树进行了必要的简化,采用了最小故障树的方法来获取专家系统所需要的知识。在专家系统知识的表示方法上,采用基于产生式规则的表示方法。将知识分别转化成结论表、规则表和条件表,然后储存在知识库里,这样便于查询,还提高了推理效率。在专家系统的实现方面本文采用VISUAL BASIC 6.0作为系统的开发工具,采用ACCESS2002作为相应的数据库开发工具。在数据库的操作中,采用SQL结构化查询语言。
本文应用BP神经网络方法对液压防滑刹车系统中的关键机件-防滑控制盒进行了故障诊断研究,建立了三层的BP神经网络,并用MATLAB软件中的神经网络工具箱对其进行了故障诊断的仿真研究,给出了相应的诊断结论。本文还采用了一种基于未知输入补偿观测器的方法来对刹车系统中的另一个关键机件-电液伺服阀进行了故障诊断研究。并用MATLAB软件中SIMULINK的强大仿真功能对电液伺服阀进行了故障诊断的仿真研究,并对比了传统的观测器和基于未知输入补偿观测器诊断结果的差异。
The anti-skid braking system is an important part of equipment in aircraft, it does very important action in the course of flying-off and landing.If the anti-skid braking system is good or bad, it can affect the security of aircraft and pilot. In order to build up security in the anti-skid braking syetem,pledge natural flying educate,ferform the role of campaign,it is very important and necessary that we diagnose anti-skid braking system in the course of sliding and landing. But skeleton army often adopt experience and handbook to diagnose fault on the anti-skid braking system of aircraft.It's efficiency is low.,it's realtime is low and it's subjectivity is strong. It can't suffice the need of safe training.
This dissertation has researched method of fault diagnosis. It has sumed up the advantage and disadvangtage of the method . This dissertation unites actual thing and technique in the skeleton army. This dissertation unites the elements and peculiarity of the anti-skid braking system of aircraft.Expert system on FTA is adopted to diagnose the whole anti-skid braking system of certain aircraft. It has adopted BP neural network and fault analysis on model to diagnose pivotal work.
Fault tree on anti-skid braking system of certain aircraft is set up, depending on consulting data and suming up experience. Fault tree is qualitative analysised. Inorder to improve rational efficiency, fault tree is predigested. The knowlendges of expert system are adopted by introducing the least fault tree. Procreant rule is adopted in expressing knowledge. Knowledges are transformed the form of conclusion rule and condition. Knowledges are deposited repository. It can improve inferential efficiency and easy to look up. VB 6.0 is adopted as tool to open out expert system. ACCESS 2002 is adopted as tool to open out data-base. In the working of data-base SQL is adopted.
BP neural network is adopted to diagnose the control box of defending slide. Three-floor neural network is set up, emulational study of fault diagosis is played by kit of neural network in MATLAB. Conclusion of diagnosis is came out. This dissertation adopts an unknown import compensate observer to diagnosis servovalve. Emulational study of fault diagnosis in servovalve is played by SIMULINK in MATLAB. The different resultt is contrasted between state observer and unkown import compensate observer.
本文详细地研究了故障诊断的常用方法,总结了各种故障诊断方法的优、缺点。结合目前基层航空兵机务部队故障诊断的实际情况、部队维护人员常用的故障诊断技术以及飞机液压防滑刹车系统的工作原理和特点,本文采用了基于故障树的故障诊断专家系统方法,对某型飞机液压防滑刹车系统的整体进行故障诊断;采用BP神经网络诊断方法和基于模型的诊断方法对刹车系统中某些关键机件进行故障诊断。
通过查阅资料以及总结自己多年来的飞机维护经验,本文建立了某型飞机液压防滑刹车系统的故障树,并对故障树进行了定性分析。为了提高专家系统的推理效率,本文对建立的故障树进行了必要的简化,采用了最小故障树的方法来获取专家系统所需要的知识。在专家系统知识的表示方法上,采用基于产生式规则的表示方法。将知识分别转化成结论表、规则表和条件表,然后储存在知识库里,这样便于查询,还提高了推理效率。在专家系统的实现方面本文采用VISUAL BASIC 6.0作为系统的开发工具,采用ACCESS2002作为相应的数据库开发工具。在数据库的操作中,采用SQL结构化查询语言。
本文应用BP神经网络方法对液压防滑刹车系统中的关键机件-防滑控制盒进行了故障诊断研究,建立了三层的BP神经网络,并用MATLAB软件中的神经网络工具箱对其进行了故障诊断的仿真研究,给出了相应的诊断结论。本文还采用了一种基于未知输入补偿观测器的方法来对刹车系统中的另一个关键机件-电液伺服阀进行了故障诊断研究。并用MATLAB软件中SIMULINK的强大仿真功能对电液伺服阀进行了故障诊断的仿真研究,并对比了传统的观测器和基于未知输入补偿观测器诊断结果的差异。
The anti-skid braking system is an important part of equipment in aircraft, it does very important action in the course of flying-off and landing.If the anti-skid braking system is good or bad, it can affect the security of aircraft and pilot. In order to build up security in the anti-skid braking syetem,pledge natural flying educate,ferform the role of campaign,it is very important and necessary that we diagnose anti-skid braking system in the course of sliding and landing. But skeleton army often adopt experience and handbook to diagnose fault on the anti-skid braking system of aircraft.It's efficiency is low.,it's realtime is low and it's subjectivity is strong. It can't suffice the need of safe training.
This dissertation has researched method of fault diagnosis. It has sumed up the advantage and disadvangtage of the method . This dissertation unites actual thing and technique in the skeleton army. This dissertation unites the elements and peculiarity of the anti-skid braking system of aircraft.Expert system on FTA is adopted to diagnose the whole anti-skid braking system of certain aircraft. It has adopted BP neural network and fault analysis on model to diagnose pivotal work.
Fault tree on anti-skid braking system of certain aircraft is set up, depending on consulting data and suming up experience. Fault tree is qualitative analysised. Inorder to improve rational efficiency, fault tree is predigested. The knowlendges of expert system are adopted by introducing the least fault tree. Procreant rule is adopted in expressing knowledge. Knowledges are transformed the form of conclusion rule and condition. Knowledges are deposited repository. It can improve inferential efficiency and easy to look up. VB 6.0 is adopted as tool to open out expert system. ACCESS 2002 is adopted as tool to open out data-base. In the working of data-base SQL is adopted.
BP neural network is adopted to diagnose the control box of defending slide. Three-floor neural network is set up, emulational study of fault diagosis is played by kit of neural network in MATLAB. Conclusion of diagnosis is came out. This dissertation adopts an unknown import compensate observer to diagnosis servovalve. Emulational study of fault diagnosis in servovalve is played by SIMULINK in MATLAB. The different resultt is contrasted between state observer and unkown import compensate observer.
引文
[1]常顺宏,田广来,林辉.中国航空机轮刹车系统发展综述[J].航空科学技术.2003(5):24-25页
[2]陆晓洁,谢利理,林辉.飞机防滑刹车系统的回顾与展望[J].航空科学技术.2003(2):29-32页
[3]曹强.新型航空机轮刹车控制技术研究[D].中南大学硕士学位论文.2005:3页
[4]彭三林,岳开宪.航空机轮刹车技术的发展趋势[J].航空科学技术.1999(4):38页
[5]王仲生编著.智能故障诊断与容错控制[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2005(4):11页,12页
[6]马泓琰.飞机起落架系统故障诊断仿真研究[D].西北工业大学硕士学位论文.2005:2页,9页,10页,12-19页,38页,39页
[7]赵翔,黄磊,刘健,周绍骑.现代故障诊断技术研究现状与趋势[J].后勤工程学院学报.2006(2):3页
[8]周东华,叶银忠著.现代故障诊断与容错控制[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000(6):4页,6页
[9]闻新,张洪钺,周露著.控制系统的故障诊断和容错控制[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998.(2):3页
[10]张彦铎,姜兴渭.多传感器信息融合及其在智能故障诊断中的应用[J].传感器技术.1999,18(2):18-22页
[11]P.M.Fank.Fault diagnosis in dynamic systems using analytical and knowledge-based redundancy-asurvey and some new result[J].Automatic.1990,26(3):459-474P
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[15]何敏,张志利,刘辉,赵锴,张永鑫.故障诊断技术方法综述[J].国外电子测量技术.2006(5):6页
[16]王卉.飞机防滑刹车地面半物理仿真系统研究[D].西北工业大学硕士学位论文.2006:4页,5页
[17]吴今培,肖健华著.智能故障诊断与专家系统[M].北京:科学出版社,1997:2页,3页,6页
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[19]王轶,冯晓云.基于故障树的电力机车故障诊断专家系统[J].电力机车与城轨车辆.2004(6):35页,36页,49页
[20]王昭.基于故障树的变压器故障诊断专家系统[J].科技信息.2006(9):39页
[21]张祥伟.现代飞机排故专家系统的设计与实现[D].南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文.2002:17页,18页
[22]王希光.故障树理论在火电厂锅炉故障诊断中的应用[D].大庆石油学院硕士学位论文.2004:3页
[23]许化东.基于故障树分析法的汽车故障诊断专家系统的研究[D].合肥工业大学硕士学位论文.2002:7-9页
[24]赵太平.应用故障树分析法诊断数控车床故障[J].设备管理与维修.2007(1):22-23页
[25]王志毅,谷波,裴通华.应用VB开发制冷系统故障诊断专家系统[J]. 制冷与空调.2002(4):43-46页
[26]Hecht-NielsenR.Theoryof the back propagation neural network[C].Proc.of IJCNN,1989(1):593-603P
[27]江利,甄少华.基于BP神经网络的液压系统故障诊断专家系统[J].机床与液压.2002(4):169-171页
[28]许东,吴铮编著.基于MATLAB 6.X的系统分析与设计-神经网络[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002(9):21页
[29]常虹.传感器故障诊断方法研究[D].华北电力大学硕士学位论文.2002:27-30页
[30]杨国桢,贾连英,李延,沈燕晾编.飞机液压传动与控制[M].西安:空军工程学院出版社,1997:118页,121页,122页,103页,104页,101页,102页,109页,110页,124页,125页,94页,93页,210页,211页,212页
[31]夏常弟,李治.传感器故障诊断中确定阈值的随机变量方法[J].控制与决策.1997,12(2)
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[2]陆晓洁,谢利理,林辉.飞机防滑刹车系统的回顾与展望[J].航空科学技术.2003(2):29-32页
[3]曹强.新型航空机轮刹车控制技术研究[D].中南大学硕士学位论文.2005:3页
[4]彭三林,岳开宪.航空机轮刹车技术的发展趋势[J].航空科学技术.1999(4):38页
[5]王仲生编著.智能故障诊断与容错控制[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2005(4):11页,12页
[6]马泓琰.飞机起落架系统故障诊断仿真研究[D].西北工业大学硕士学位论文.2005:2页,9页,10页,12-19页,38页,39页
[7]赵翔,黄磊,刘健,周绍骑.现代故障诊断技术研究现状与趋势[J].后勤工程学院学报.2006(2):3页
[8]周东华,叶银忠著.现代故障诊断与容错控制[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000(6):4页,6页
[9]闻新,张洪钺,周露著.控制系统的故障诊断和容错控制[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998.(2):3页
[10]张彦铎,姜兴渭.多传感器信息融合及其在智能故障诊断中的应用[J].传感器技术.1999,18(2):18-22页
[11]P.M.Fank.Fault diagnosis in dynamic systems using analytical and knowledge-based redundancy-asurvey and some new result[J].Automatic.1990,26(3):459-474P
[12]Magni J F,Mouyon P.On residual generation by observer and parity space approaches[J].IEEE Transactions on Autonativ Control.1994,39 (2):441-447P
[13]Garcia E A,Frank P M.On the relationship between observer and parameter identification based approuches to fault detection[C].Proc.of IFAC World Congress,1996:25-29P
[14]Gertler J.Diagnosing parametric faults[M]:from parameter estimation to parity relations.American Control Conferrnce,1995:1615-1620P
[15]何敏,张志利,刘辉,赵锴,张永鑫.故障诊断技术方法综述[J].国外电子测量技术.2006(5):6页
[16]王卉.飞机防滑刹车地面半物理仿真系统研究[D].西北工业大学硕士学位论文.2006:4页,5页
[17]吴今培,肖健华著.智能故障诊断与专家系统[M].北京:科学出版社,1997:2页,3页,6页
[18]周东华,席裕庚,张钟俊.故障检测与诊断技术[J].控制理论与应用.1991,8(1):1-10页
[19]王轶,冯晓云.基于故障树的电力机车故障诊断专家系统[J].电力机车与城轨车辆.2004(6):35页,36页,49页
[20]王昭.基于故障树的变压器故障诊断专家系统[J].科技信息.2006(9):39页
[21]张祥伟.现代飞机排故专家系统的设计与实现[D].南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文.2002:17页,18页
[22]王希光.故障树理论在火电厂锅炉故障诊断中的应用[D].大庆石油学院硕士学位论文.2004:3页
[23]许化东.基于故障树分析法的汽车故障诊断专家系统的研究[D].合肥工业大学硕士学位论文.2002:7-9页
[24]赵太平.应用故障树分析法诊断数控车床故障[J].设备管理与维修.2007(1):22-23页
[25]王志毅,谷波,裴通华.应用VB开发制冷系统故障诊断专家系统[J]. 制冷与空调.2002(4):43-46页
[26]Hecht-NielsenR.Theoryof the back propagation neural network[C].Proc.of IJCNN,1989(1):593-603P
[27]江利,甄少华.基于BP神经网络的液压系统故障诊断专家系统[J].机床与液压.2002(4):169-171页
[28]许东,吴铮编著.基于MATLAB 6.X的系统分析与设计-神经网络[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002(9):21页
[29]常虹.传感器故障诊断方法研究[D].华北电力大学硕士学位论文.2002:27-30页
[30]杨国桢,贾连英,李延,沈燕晾编.飞机液压传动与控制[M].西安:空军工程学院出版社,1997:118页,121页,122页,103页,104页,101页,102页,109页,110页,124页,125页,94页,93页,210页,211页,212页
[31]夏常弟,李治.传感器故障诊断中确定阈值的随机变量方法[J].控制与决策.1997,12(2)
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