基于移动代理的电子商务系统建模与实现
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摘要
近年来,电子商务逐渐暴露出自动化程度低、安全性差、逃税漏税严重等诸多问题,将移动Agent技术应用到电子商务中,可以实现电子商务的智能化、建立良好的安全机制、并且可以对税收进行监控。然而现有的基于移动Agent的电子商务系统缺乏有效的建模方法对系统建模,从系统建模这个理论角度研究系统设计的问题,有助于保证系统的健壮性、可靠性和适用性。虽然国内外许多专家和学者在这方面进行了探索和研究,但结果不尽如人意。
在分析了国内外现有的针对电子商务的建模方法基础之上,提出了将移动Agent的属性和行为添加到经典Petri网中的思路,由此给出了面向Agent的高级Petri网AOAPN(AOAPN: Agent-Oriented Advanced Petri Net)这个概念。AOAPN定义为七元组,由处所、事件、输入流关系、输出流关系、初始标识、Agent类型集和Agent行为集组成。将在处所之间漫游的Agent视为一个二元组<τ, b>:τ代表的是Agent的类型,b表示的是Agent所处的行为。改进了可覆盖性树,使之能更好的描述处所之间Agent的交互。
进而在模拟的电子商务环境下采用AOAPN方法对电子商务交易过程四个阶段——信息搜索、谈判、购买和纳税建立相应的AOAPN网模型。建立的模型能够动态展示整个电子商务交易过程。然后对模型的性能进行分析和验证,验证结果是构建的每个模型都满足可达性、可覆盖性和L 3? live活性。
最后,在分布式环境下设计和实现了电子商务原型系统Smart Market。电子商务系统Smart Market遵从模块化的设计原则——“高内聚,低耦合”,每个模块是一个运行在Tahiti平台上的ASP(ASP: Agent Service Provider)服务器。在实验室环境中,将提供不同服务的ASP服务器部署在不同计算机上,测试结果表明电子商务系统Smart Market能利用移动Agent完成信息搜索、购买和纳税任务。
In recent years, with the development of e-commerce, many problems such as low degree of automation, poor security, serious tax evasion etc. are exposed to light, so the e-commerce environment will be smart, secure and the taxation will be supervised by the agents in the future through the application of the technology based on mobile agents in the e-commerce.The models can be used to study the problems of the design of systems in the eyes of the modeling theory, and thereby it is guaranteed that the system is robust, reliable and fit. However, there is a lack of modeling ways in the existing e-commerce systems. Although many experts and scholars have been engaged in the approaches and research in this field, the result is embarrassing.
On the basis of the further research on the e-commerce modeling ways at home and abroad, an idea that the properties and behaviors of agents are incoperated into Petri Net is proposed and the concept of AOAPN is concluded. AOAPN is defined as a set of seven tuples including places, events, input flows, output flows, initial marking, agent typs and agent behaviors. The mobile agent roaming around during places is creatively denoted as a pair <τ, b>, whereτis the type of the agent and b is its behavior. The coverability tree is improved to depict the interaction of agents during ASPs better.
What follows next, AOAPN is used to build models of the four stages—information search, negotiation, purchase and taxation in the e-commerce environment of simulation. The models can display the whole transaction process dynamically. Next, the performance of the models is analyzed, and the result shows that each model meets the requirements of reachability, coverability and L3-live.
Ultimately, the e-commerce system called Smart Market is designed and implemented in the distributed environment. The Smart Market system is designed to comply with the principle of modularization—high cohesion and low coupling. Each module is an ASP server running on the Tahiti platform. In the environment of our laboratory, the ASPs providing different service are deployed on different personal computers, and the test result shows that the Smart Market system can accomplish the tasks of information search, purchase and taxation by mobile agents.
在分析了国内外现有的针对电子商务的建模方法基础之上,提出了将移动Agent的属性和行为添加到经典Petri网中的思路,由此给出了面向Agent的高级Petri网AOAPN(AOAPN: Agent-Oriented Advanced Petri Net)这个概念。AOAPN定义为七元组,由处所、事件、输入流关系、输出流关系、初始标识、Agent类型集和Agent行为集组成。将在处所之间漫游的Agent视为一个二元组<τ, b>:τ代表的是Agent的类型,b表示的是Agent所处的行为。改进了可覆盖性树,使之能更好的描述处所之间Agent的交互。
进而在模拟的电子商务环境下采用AOAPN方法对电子商务交易过程四个阶段——信息搜索、谈判、购买和纳税建立相应的AOAPN网模型。建立的模型能够动态展示整个电子商务交易过程。然后对模型的性能进行分析和验证,验证结果是构建的每个模型都满足可达性、可覆盖性和L 3? live活性。
最后,在分布式环境下设计和实现了电子商务原型系统Smart Market。电子商务系统Smart Market遵从模块化的设计原则——“高内聚,低耦合”,每个模块是一个运行在Tahiti平台上的ASP(ASP: Agent Service Provider)服务器。在实验室环境中,将提供不同服务的ASP服务器部署在不同计算机上,测试结果表明电子商务系统Smart Market能利用移动Agent完成信息搜索、购买和纳税任务。
In recent years, with the development of e-commerce, many problems such as low degree of automation, poor security, serious tax evasion etc. are exposed to light, so the e-commerce environment will be smart, secure and the taxation will be supervised by the agents in the future through the application of the technology based on mobile agents in the e-commerce.The models can be used to study the problems of the design of systems in the eyes of the modeling theory, and thereby it is guaranteed that the system is robust, reliable and fit. However, there is a lack of modeling ways in the existing e-commerce systems. Although many experts and scholars have been engaged in the approaches and research in this field, the result is embarrassing.
On the basis of the further research on the e-commerce modeling ways at home and abroad, an idea that the properties and behaviors of agents are incoperated into Petri Net is proposed and the concept of AOAPN is concluded. AOAPN is defined as a set of seven tuples including places, events, input flows, output flows, initial marking, agent typs and agent behaviors. The mobile agent roaming around during places is creatively denoted as a pair <τ, b>, whereτis the type of the agent and b is its behavior. The coverability tree is improved to depict the interaction of agents during ASPs better.
What follows next, AOAPN is used to build models of the four stages—information search, negotiation, purchase and taxation in the e-commerce environment of simulation. The models can display the whole transaction process dynamically. Next, the performance of the models is analyzed, and the result shows that each model meets the requirements of reachability, coverability and L3-live.
Ultimately, the e-commerce system called Smart Market is designed and implemented in the distributed environment. The Smart Market system is designed to comply with the principle of modularization—high cohesion and low coupling. Each module is an ASP server running on the Tahiti platform. In the environment of our laboratory, the ASPs providing different service are deployed on different personal computers, and the test result shows that the Smart Market system can accomplish the tasks of information search, purchase and taxation by mobile agents.
引文
[1] Ling Zhu. Legal and Policy Environments: An Institutional Perspective of Global E-commerce Adoption. In: Proceedings of the 42th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. USA: IEEE Press, 2009. 1~10
[2] Mildrey Carbonell, Joaquin Torres, Antonio Izquierdo et al. New E-Payment Scenarios in an Extended Version of the Traditional Model. In: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Computational Science. Computational Science and Its Applications– ICCSA 2008. Berlin: Springer Press, 2008. 514~525
[3] Yuantao Jiang, Zhisheng Li. The Dynamic Competition Diffusion Model of B2C E-commerce in Potential Customers. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. USA: IEEE Press, 2009. 448~451
[4] Simona Colucci, Tommaso Di Noia, Eugenio Di Sciascio et al. Explanation Services and Request Refinement in User Friendly Semantic-Enabled B2C E-Marketplaces. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Data Engineering Issues in E-Commerce and Services, DEECS 2006 . Berlin: Springer Press, 2006. 13~27
[5] Hamid Jahankhani, Kenneth Revett, Dominic Palmer-Brown. Global E-Security. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Global E-Security, ICGeS 2008. Berlin: Springer Press, 2008. 3~9
[6] Ranzhe Jing, Jianwei Yu, Zuo Jiang.Exploring Influencing Factors in E-Commerce Transaction Behaviors. In: Proceedings of the 2008 International Symposium on Electronic Commerce and Security. USA: IEEE Press, 2008. 603~607
[7] Michael Wooldridge, Nicholas R. Jennings. Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages: A survey. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Distributed AI. Intelligent Agents. Berlin: Springer Press, 2006. 1~39
[8] Michael Wooldridgey, Paolo Ciancarini. Agent-Oriented Software Engineering: The State of the Art. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Agent-OrientedSoftware Engineering. Agent-Oriented Software EngineeringⅧ. Berlin: Springer Press, 2001. 1~28
[9] Joseph Kiniry, Daniel Zimmerman. A Hands-on Look at Java Mobile Agents. Internet Computing, 1997, 1 (4): 21~30
[10] Alan Dearle, Rex di Bona, James Farrow et al. Grasshopper: An Orthogonally Persistent Operating System. Computer Systems Journal, 1994, 7 (3): 289~312
[11] Danny B.Lange, Mitsuru Oshima, Günter Karjoth et al. Aglets: Programming Mobile Agents in Java. In: Proceedings of the 1997 Worldwide Computing and Its Applications. Worldwide Computing and Its Applications. Berlin. Springer Press, 1997. 253~266
[12] P. D. O'Brien, R. C. Nicol. FIPA—Towards a Standard for Software Agents. BT Technology Journal, 1998, 16 (3): 51~59
[13]杨善林,齐从谦,何建民.电子商务概论.北京:机械工业出版社, 2002. 126~128
[14]方美琪.电子商务概论.北京:清华大学出版社, 2002. 1~10
[15]赵志刚.基于Petri网理论的计算机网络性能分析和电子商务模型设计: [博士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学, 2002
[16] Angelo Perkusich, Jorge C. A. de Figueiredo. G-Nets: A Petri Net Based Approach for Logical and Timing Analysis of Complex Software Systems. Journal of Systems and Software,1997, 39 (1): 39~59
[17]于长锐,罗艳.基于Agent UML的企业供需网系统建模.计算机工程与设计, 2007, 28 (1): 150~151
[18] Jong-Jin Jung, Geun-Sik Jo. Brokerage Between Buyer and Seller Agents Using Constraint Satisfaction Problem Models. Decision Support Systems, 2000, 28 (4): 293~304
[19]董岗,傅铅生.基于Petri网的电子商务建模分析.管理科学, 2004, 17 (1): 72~75
[20] Haiping Xu, Sol M. Shatz. An Agent-based Petri Net Model with Application to Seller/Buyer Design in Electronic Commerce. In: Proceedings of the 5th InternationalSymposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems. Washington, DC, USA: IEEE Computer Society Press, 2001. 11~18
[21] Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson. The Unified Modeling Language Reference Manual.姚淑兰,唐发根译.北京:机械工业出版社, 2001.15~30
[22]王建新.基于UML的电子商务建模与实现.微计算机应用, 2003, 24 (5): 287~289
[23] Costin Bǎdicǎ, Maria Ganzha, Marcin Paprzycki. Developing a Model Agent-based E-Commerce System. E-Service Intelligence. Berlin: Springer Press, 2007, Lecture Notes 37: 555~578
[24] Costin Bǎdicǎ, Maria Ganzha, Marcin Paprzycki. UML Models of Agents in a Multi-Agent E-Commerce System. In: Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on E-Business Engineering, ICEBE 2005. USA: IEEE Press, 2005. 56~61
[25]资成武.基于UML的电子商务系统的建模与开发: [硕士学位论文].长沙:国防科技大学, 2005
[26]韦有臣.基于UML的电子商务系统建模研究: [硕士学位论文].济南:山东大学, 2005
[27] Lars Braubach, Alexander Pokahr, Daniel Moldt et al. Goal Representation for BDI Agent Systems .In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Programming Multi-Agent Systems. Programming Multi-Agent Systems. Berlin: Springer Press, 2005. 44~65
[28]刘新宇,洪炳鎔.基于BDI框架的多Agent动态协作模型与应用研究.计算机研究与发展, 2002, 39 (7): 797~801
[29] Hui Chen, Perry P. Y. Lam, Henry C. B. Chan et al. Business-to-Consumer Mobile Agent-Based Internet Commerce System (MAGICS). IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Part C: Applications and Reviews, 2007, 37 (6): 1174~1189
[30] Perry P. Y. Lam, Lei Ye, Henry C. B. Chan. Business-to-Consumer and Business-to-Business Mobile AGent-based Internet Commerce System (MAGICS). In: Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. USA: IEEE Press, 2004. 4106~ 4111
[31] Perry P. Y. Lam, Henry C. B. Chan. A Markov-decision-based Price Comparison Problem for Mobile AGent-based Internet Commerce System (MAGICS). In: Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Conference on E-Commerce Technology. USA: IEEE Press, 2004. 34~41
[32]徐锋,吕建,陶先平等. MABEMS:一个基于移动Agent的电子市场空间.南京大学学报(自然科学), 2002, 38 (2): 131~138
[33] Anthony Chavez, Pattie Maes. Kasbah: An Agent Marketplace for Buying and Selling Goods. In: Proceedings of the1st International Conference on Practical Application of Intelligent Agents and Multi-Agent Technology. London: AAAI Press, 1996. 8~12
[34] Prithviraj Dasgupta, Nitya Narasimhan, Louise E. Moser et al. MAgNET: Mobile Agents for Networked Electronic Trading. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 1999, 11 (4): 509~525
[35] Maksim Tsvetovatyy, Maria Gini, Bamshad Mobasher et al. MAGMA An Agent Based Virtual Market for Electronic Commerce. Applied Artificial Intelligence, 1997, 11 (6): 501~523
[36] Tuomas Sandholm, Qianbo Huai. Nomad: Mobile Agent System for an Internet-based Auction House. IEEE Internet Computing, 2000, 4 (2): 80~86
[37] Tuomas Sandholm. eMediator: A Next Generation Electronic Commerce Server. Computational Intelligence, 2002, 18 (4): 656~676
[38] Liyi Zhang, Yan Tang, Jian Meng. EIRS: An Intelligent E-Commerce Application System for Small Retailers in China. In: Proceedings of the 2007 IFIP International Federation for Information Processing. Research and Practical Issues of Enterprise Information Systems II. Boston: Springer Press, 2008. 917~921
[39] Yan Wang, Kian-Lee Tan, Jian Ren. PumaMart: A Parallel and Autonomous Agents based Internet Marketplaces. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 2004, 3 (3): 294~310
[40] Yan Wang, Jian Ren. Building Internet Marketplaces on the Basis of Mobile Agents for Parallel Processing. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Mobile Data Management. USA: IEEE Press, 2002. 53~60
[41] Lianwei Guan, Xingyu Li , Hao Hu et al. A Petri Net-based Approach for Supporting Aspect-oriented Modeling. Frontiers of Computer Science in China, 2008, 2 (4): 413~423
[42] Philip M. Merlin, David J. Farber. Recoverability of Communication Protocols -- Implications of a Theoretical Study. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 1976, 24 (9): 1036~1043
[43] Kristian Bisgaard Lassen, Simon Tjell. Model-based Requirements Analysis for Reactive Systems with UML Sequence Diagrams and Coloured Petri Nets. Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering, 2008, 4 (3): 233~240
[44] Kurt Jensen. Special Section on Coloured Petri Nets—Preface by the Section Editor: Kurt Jensen. International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer, 2008, 10 (1): 1~3
[45] Carl G.. Looney. Fuzzy Petri Nets and Applications. Fuzzy Reasoning in Information, Decision and Control Systems. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994, Lecture Notes 11: 511~527
[46] Tadao Murata. Petri Nets: Properties, Analysis and Applications. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1989, 77 (4): 541~580
[2] Mildrey Carbonell, Joaquin Torres, Antonio Izquierdo et al. New E-Payment Scenarios in an Extended Version of the Traditional Model. In: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Computational Science. Computational Science and Its Applications– ICCSA 2008. Berlin: Springer Press, 2008. 514~525
[3] Yuantao Jiang, Zhisheng Li. The Dynamic Competition Diffusion Model of B2C E-commerce in Potential Customers. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. USA: IEEE Press, 2009. 448~451
[4] Simona Colucci, Tommaso Di Noia, Eugenio Di Sciascio et al. Explanation Services and Request Refinement in User Friendly Semantic-Enabled B2C E-Marketplaces. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Data Engineering Issues in E-Commerce and Services, DEECS 2006 . Berlin: Springer Press, 2006. 13~27
[5] Hamid Jahankhani, Kenneth Revett, Dominic Palmer-Brown. Global E-Security. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Global E-Security, ICGeS 2008. Berlin: Springer Press, 2008. 3~9
[6] Ranzhe Jing, Jianwei Yu, Zuo Jiang.Exploring Influencing Factors in E-Commerce Transaction Behaviors. In: Proceedings of the 2008 International Symposium on Electronic Commerce and Security. USA: IEEE Press, 2008. 603~607
[7] Michael Wooldridge, Nicholas R. Jennings. Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages: A survey. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Distributed AI. Intelligent Agents. Berlin: Springer Press, 2006. 1~39
[8] Michael Wooldridgey, Paolo Ciancarini. Agent-Oriented Software Engineering: The State of the Art. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Agent-OrientedSoftware Engineering. Agent-Oriented Software EngineeringⅧ. Berlin: Springer Press, 2001. 1~28
[9] Joseph Kiniry, Daniel Zimmerman. A Hands-on Look at Java Mobile Agents. Internet Computing, 1997, 1 (4): 21~30
[10] Alan Dearle, Rex di Bona, James Farrow et al. Grasshopper: An Orthogonally Persistent Operating System. Computer Systems Journal, 1994, 7 (3): 289~312
[11] Danny B.Lange, Mitsuru Oshima, Günter Karjoth et al. Aglets: Programming Mobile Agents in Java. In: Proceedings of the 1997 Worldwide Computing and Its Applications. Worldwide Computing and Its Applications. Berlin. Springer Press, 1997. 253~266
[12] P. D. O'Brien, R. C. Nicol. FIPA—Towards a Standard for Software Agents. BT Technology Journal, 1998, 16 (3): 51~59
[13]杨善林,齐从谦,何建民.电子商务概论.北京:机械工业出版社, 2002. 126~128
[14]方美琪.电子商务概论.北京:清华大学出版社, 2002. 1~10
[15]赵志刚.基于Petri网理论的计算机网络性能分析和电子商务模型设计: [博士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学, 2002
[16] Angelo Perkusich, Jorge C. A. de Figueiredo. G-Nets: A Petri Net Based Approach for Logical and Timing Analysis of Complex Software Systems. Journal of Systems and Software,1997, 39 (1): 39~59
[17]于长锐,罗艳.基于Agent UML的企业供需网系统建模.计算机工程与设计, 2007, 28 (1): 150~151
[18] Jong-Jin Jung, Geun-Sik Jo. Brokerage Between Buyer and Seller Agents Using Constraint Satisfaction Problem Models. Decision Support Systems, 2000, 28 (4): 293~304
[19]董岗,傅铅生.基于Petri网的电子商务建模分析.管理科学, 2004, 17 (1): 72~75
[20] Haiping Xu, Sol M. Shatz. An Agent-based Petri Net Model with Application to Seller/Buyer Design in Electronic Commerce. In: Proceedings of the 5th InternationalSymposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems. Washington, DC, USA: IEEE Computer Society Press, 2001. 11~18
[21] Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson. The Unified Modeling Language Reference Manual.姚淑兰,唐发根译.北京:机械工业出版社, 2001.15~30
[22]王建新.基于UML的电子商务建模与实现.微计算机应用, 2003, 24 (5): 287~289
[23] Costin Bǎdicǎ, Maria Ganzha, Marcin Paprzycki. Developing a Model Agent-based E-Commerce System. E-Service Intelligence. Berlin: Springer Press, 2007, Lecture Notes 37: 555~578
[24] Costin Bǎdicǎ, Maria Ganzha, Marcin Paprzycki. UML Models of Agents in a Multi-Agent E-Commerce System. In: Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on E-Business Engineering, ICEBE 2005. USA: IEEE Press, 2005. 56~61
[25]资成武.基于UML的电子商务系统的建模与开发: [硕士学位论文].长沙:国防科技大学, 2005
[26]韦有臣.基于UML的电子商务系统建模研究: [硕士学位论文].济南:山东大学, 2005
[27] Lars Braubach, Alexander Pokahr, Daniel Moldt et al. Goal Representation for BDI Agent Systems .In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Programming Multi-Agent Systems. Programming Multi-Agent Systems. Berlin: Springer Press, 2005. 44~65
[28]刘新宇,洪炳鎔.基于BDI框架的多Agent动态协作模型与应用研究.计算机研究与发展, 2002, 39 (7): 797~801
[29] Hui Chen, Perry P. Y. Lam, Henry C. B. Chan et al. Business-to-Consumer Mobile Agent-Based Internet Commerce System (MAGICS). IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Part C: Applications and Reviews, 2007, 37 (6): 1174~1189
[30] Perry P. Y. Lam, Lei Ye, Henry C. B. Chan. Business-to-Consumer and Business-to-Business Mobile AGent-based Internet Commerce System (MAGICS). In: Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. USA: IEEE Press, 2004. 4106~ 4111
[31] Perry P. Y. Lam, Henry C. B. Chan. A Markov-decision-based Price Comparison Problem for Mobile AGent-based Internet Commerce System (MAGICS). In: Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Conference on E-Commerce Technology. USA: IEEE Press, 2004. 34~41
[32]徐锋,吕建,陶先平等. MABEMS:一个基于移动Agent的电子市场空间.南京大学学报(自然科学), 2002, 38 (2): 131~138
[33] Anthony Chavez, Pattie Maes. Kasbah: An Agent Marketplace for Buying and Selling Goods. In: Proceedings of the1st International Conference on Practical Application of Intelligent Agents and Multi-Agent Technology. London: AAAI Press, 1996. 8~12
[34] Prithviraj Dasgupta, Nitya Narasimhan, Louise E. Moser et al. MAgNET: Mobile Agents for Networked Electronic Trading. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 1999, 11 (4): 509~525
[35] Maksim Tsvetovatyy, Maria Gini, Bamshad Mobasher et al. MAGMA An Agent Based Virtual Market for Electronic Commerce. Applied Artificial Intelligence, 1997, 11 (6): 501~523
[36] Tuomas Sandholm, Qianbo Huai. Nomad: Mobile Agent System for an Internet-based Auction House. IEEE Internet Computing, 2000, 4 (2): 80~86
[37] Tuomas Sandholm. eMediator: A Next Generation Electronic Commerce Server. Computational Intelligence, 2002, 18 (4): 656~676
[38] Liyi Zhang, Yan Tang, Jian Meng. EIRS: An Intelligent E-Commerce Application System for Small Retailers in China. In: Proceedings of the 2007 IFIP International Federation for Information Processing. Research and Practical Issues of Enterprise Information Systems II. Boston: Springer Press, 2008. 917~921
[39] Yan Wang, Kian-Lee Tan, Jian Ren. PumaMart: A Parallel and Autonomous Agents based Internet Marketplaces. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 2004, 3 (3): 294~310
[40] Yan Wang, Jian Ren. Building Internet Marketplaces on the Basis of Mobile Agents for Parallel Processing. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Mobile Data Management. USA: IEEE Press, 2002. 53~60
[41] Lianwei Guan, Xingyu Li , Hao Hu et al. A Petri Net-based Approach for Supporting Aspect-oriented Modeling. Frontiers of Computer Science in China, 2008, 2 (4): 413~423
[42] Philip M. Merlin, David J. Farber. Recoverability of Communication Protocols -- Implications of a Theoretical Study. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 1976, 24 (9): 1036~1043
[43] Kristian Bisgaard Lassen, Simon Tjell. Model-based Requirements Analysis for Reactive Systems with UML Sequence Diagrams and Coloured Petri Nets. Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering, 2008, 4 (3): 233~240
[44] Kurt Jensen. Special Section on Coloured Petri Nets—Preface by the Section Editor: Kurt Jensen. International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer, 2008, 10 (1): 1~3
[45] Carl G.. Looney. Fuzzy Petri Nets and Applications. Fuzzy Reasoning in Information, Decision and Control Systems. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994, Lecture Notes 11: 511~527
[46] Tadao Murata. Petri Nets: Properties, Analysis and Applications. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1989, 77 (4): 541~580