区域农村公路环境影响绩效评价研究
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摘要
近年来党中央、国务院非常重视“三农问题”,制定了一系列发展农村经济的政策,其中农村公路建设占据重要的地位,“十一五”期间国家拿出千亿元建设农村公路。目前,我国农村公路已经具有相当的规模,基本形成了连接千家万户的农村公路网络,方便了居民出行,推动了农村经济发展。同时大规模的农村公路建设也给周围的环境产生了诸多影响,对于影响程度需要进行及时的衡量与评价,以保证环境与社会的可持续发展。
农村公路单个项目建设规模小,分布广泛,技术等级低,交通量不大,所以单个项目的环境影响有限,但是由于总体规模大,众多项目产生的综合影响不可小觑。所以本文将某一区域范围内的众多农村公路项目作为研究对象,从分析农村公路特点、农村公路环境特点及农村公路对环境影响特点出发,结合评价指标选择原则,运用价值——目的——目标——指标的逻辑体系推演构建了区域农村公路环境影响绩效评价的指标体系。分析了各评价指标属性值的计算方法及无量纲化,并对评价指标权重的确定、评价方法进行了探讨;应用模糊识别原理,结合AHP权重确定方法,根据区域农村公路建设对环境影响程度,建立区域农村公路建设环境影响综合评价的多层次模糊识别综合评价模型。
应用提出综合评价方法对浙江省“乡村康庄工程”进行农村公路环境影响绩效综合评价,验证了本文提出方法的可操作性和正确性。并对评价结果进行分析,有针对性的提出减轻环境影响的措施。
In recent years the Central Committee of CPC and the State Department attached great importance to“peasantry, country and agriculture”. And a series of policy to develop rural economy has been formulated, in which the countryside highway construction hold important status. During“the eleventh five years planning”period, the government put out 100,000,000,000 Yuan to construct the countryside road. At present, the countryside roads already had the suitable scale and basically formed its own network that can connect most of the farmers, so that it facilitated the residents’journey, promoted the rural economic development. Simultaneously the large-scale countryside highway construction has also had many influences on the periphery environment, which needs to be weighted and estimated in good season, in order to guarantee the sustainable development of environment and society.
The single countryside road project has small construction scale, widespread distribution, low technical class and small volume of traffic, so the single project's environmental effect is limited, but the numerous projects cumulated and produced synthesis influence on environment that cannot be ignored. Therefore this research took numerous countryside road projects in some area coverage as the object of study, analyzed the countryside roads characteristic, the countryside roads environment characteristic and the characteristic of countryside road effects on the environmental. By using the Value- -Goals- - Objectives- -Criteria logical system and the evaluating indicator selection principle, this research deduced and constructed the region countryside road environmental effect achievements appraisal indicator system. It also analyzed each evaluating indicator attribute value computational method and the zero dimension, and discussed how to determine the evaluating indicator weight and which the assessment method is more suitable; Appling the fuzzy recognition principle and unifying the AHP weight determination method, the research established the multi-level fuzzy recognition quality synthetic evaluation model of regional countryside highway construction environmental effect quality synthetic evaluation, according to the region countryside highway construction to the environment influence.
Using the quality synthetic evaluation method proposed in this research to evaluate the environmental effect of countryside road in Zhe Jiang Province, which confirmed the feasibility and the accuracy of this method. Following that, the research carried on the analysis to the measure results, and proposed the measure that reduces the environmental effect.
农村公路单个项目建设规模小,分布广泛,技术等级低,交通量不大,所以单个项目的环境影响有限,但是由于总体规模大,众多项目产生的综合影响不可小觑。所以本文将某一区域范围内的众多农村公路项目作为研究对象,从分析农村公路特点、农村公路环境特点及农村公路对环境影响特点出发,结合评价指标选择原则,运用价值——目的——目标——指标的逻辑体系推演构建了区域农村公路环境影响绩效评价的指标体系。分析了各评价指标属性值的计算方法及无量纲化,并对评价指标权重的确定、评价方法进行了探讨;应用模糊识别原理,结合AHP权重确定方法,根据区域农村公路建设对环境影响程度,建立区域农村公路建设环境影响综合评价的多层次模糊识别综合评价模型。
应用提出综合评价方法对浙江省“乡村康庄工程”进行农村公路环境影响绩效综合评价,验证了本文提出方法的可操作性和正确性。并对评价结果进行分析,有针对性的提出减轻环境影响的措施。
In recent years the Central Committee of CPC and the State Department attached great importance to“peasantry, country and agriculture”. And a series of policy to develop rural economy has been formulated, in which the countryside highway construction hold important status. During“the eleventh five years planning”period, the government put out 100,000,000,000 Yuan to construct the countryside road. At present, the countryside roads already had the suitable scale and basically formed its own network that can connect most of the farmers, so that it facilitated the residents’journey, promoted the rural economic development. Simultaneously the large-scale countryside highway construction has also had many influences on the periphery environment, which needs to be weighted and estimated in good season, in order to guarantee the sustainable development of environment and society.
The single countryside road project has small construction scale, widespread distribution, low technical class and small volume of traffic, so the single project's environmental effect is limited, but the numerous projects cumulated and produced synthesis influence on environment that cannot be ignored. Therefore this research took numerous countryside road projects in some area coverage as the object of study, analyzed the countryside roads characteristic, the countryside roads environment characteristic and the characteristic of countryside road effects on the environmental. By using the Value- -Goals- - Objectives- -Criteria logical system and the evaluating indicator selection principle, this research deduced and constructed the region countryside road environmental effect achievements appraisal indicator system. It also analyzed each evaluating indicator attribute value computational method and the zero dimension, and discussed how to determine the evaluating indicator weight and which the assessment method is more suitable; Appling the fuzzy recognition principle and unifying the AHP weight determination method, the research established the multi-level fuzzy recognition quality synthetic evaluation model of regional countryside highway construction environmental effect quality synthetic evaluation, according to the region countryside highway construction to the environment influence.
Using the quality synthetic evaluation method proposed in this research to evaluate the environmental effect of countryside road in Zhe Jiang Province, which confirmed the feasibility and the accuracy of this method. Following that, the research carried on the analysis to the measure results, and proposed the measure that reduces the environmental effect.
引文
[1]http://www.moc.gov.cn/06road/shuju/
[2]http://www.moc.gov.cn/zizhan/siju/gonglusi/gonglujianshe_GL/zongheguanli/guanliwenjian/200802/t20080221_468202.html
[3]叶慧海.发达国家公路建设的环保观[J],中国公路,2003(2),55-57
[4]董常晖,徐燕.公路工程环境影响评价的研究进展[J],交通环保,2002(4),44-47
[5]张征.环境评价学[M],北京:高等教育出版社,2004.7
[6]董小林,赵剑强等.建立公路建设项目环境后评价制度的若干问题[J],中国公路学报,2001(7),86-89
[7]董小林.公路建设项目环境后评价[M]北京:人们交通出版社2003,263-277
[8]陈斌,魏庆耀.基于多级关联灰度模型的公路建设社会经济环境影响评价方法的研究[J],中国公路学报,2003(1),79-81
[9]郑新奇.基于RS和GIS的区域生态环境质量综合评价[J],环境科学学报,2000(4),489-493
[10]李修刚,王炜.用于道路环境影响综合评价的基于GIS的图形叠置法[J],环境科学学报,2001(4),448-453
[11]曾胜,张起森,成平.公路建设项目环境影响的模糊综合评价[J],交通环保,1998(5),11-12
[12]http://www.cctv.com/news/special/C15339/20060228/101569.shtml
[13]徐学珍.云南山区公路建设项目环境影响综合评价研究[D]南京:南京林业大学,2006
[14]陈光建.土地利用总体规划环境影响评价指标体系研究——以邛崃市土地利用总体规划为例[D]北京:中国科学院,2006
[15]Michael D.Meyer Eric J.Miller,Urban transportation planning second edition 2001,P212-216;
[16]浙江省交通厅,浙江公路水运咨询公司,长安大学.浙江省“乡村康庄工程”绩效评价报告[R],西安:长安大学,2006
[17]毛文永.生态环境影响评价概论[M],北京:中国环境科学出版社,1998
[18]张玉芬,邓学钧.道路交通环境工程[M],北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[19]JTG B03-2006,公路建设项目环境影响评价规范[S]北京:中国标准出版社,2006
[20]赵剑强.公路交通与环境保护[M],北京:人民交通出版社,2002
[21]郭晓汾,王国林.交通运输工程学[M],北京:人民交通出版社,2006
[22]曾珍香,顾培亮.可持续发展的系统分析与评价[M],北京:北京科学出版社,2000
[23]傅朗.区域环境与经济协调发展的评价研究——以广东省为例[D],北京:中国科学院研究生院,2007
[24]姚德民,李汉玲.系统工程实用教程[M],哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2000
[25]陆雍森.环境评价[M],上海:同济大学出版社,1999
[26]赵学珍,赵尘,孙微微.模糊层次分析法在环境影响评价中的应用[J],西南林学院学报,2006(2),62-65
[27]王凡.模糊数学工程科学[M],哈尔滨:哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社,1998
[28]浙江省交通厅.浙江省公路水路交通建设规划纲要(2003-2010)[Z],杭州,2002
[29]浙江省交通厅,浙江公路水运咨询公司,长安大学.浙江省“乡村康庄工程”绩效评价调查报告[R],西安:长安大学,2006
[30]GB 3096-93,城市区域环境噪声标准[S]北京:中国标准出版社,1993;
[32]GB 3095-1996,环境空气质量标准[S]北京:中国标准出版社,1993;
[33]程水源崔建生刘建秋等建设项目与区域环境影响评价[M],北京:中国环境科学出版社,2003
[34]朱坦.战略环境评价[M],天津:南开大学出版社,2005
[35]晏晓林等.公路建设项目环境影响后评价探讨[J],公路交通科技,2004(7),139-141
[36]吴丽娜,晏晓林等.公路建设项目环境影响后评价初探[J],交通环保,2004(2),1-5
[37]王建军.公路建设项目后评价理论研究[D],西安:长安大学,2003
[38]蔡晓荣.农村公路建设与环境资源保护的法律思考[J],交通企业管理,2007(1),12-13;
[39]凌勇.浅析农村公路建设现状与发展对策[J],乡镇经济,2005(11),18-19
[40]徐鹤,朱坦,贾纯荣.战略环境影响评价(SEA)在中国的开展—区域环境评价(REA) [J],城市环境与城市生态,2000(6),4-10
[41]李志平.公路施工期间的环境影响分析[J],东北公路,2001(2),86-90
[42]刘兆金,朱琼.公路环境评价发展现状及对策初探[J],交通环保,2002(4),15-19
[43]赵丽霞.我国环境影响评价制度研究[D],哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2005
[44]史宝忠.建设项目环境影响评价[M],北京:中国环境科学出版社,1999
[2]http://www.moc.gov.cn/zizhan/siju/gonglusi/gonglujianshe_GL/zongheguanli/guanliwenjian/200802/t20080221_468202.html
[3]叶慧海.发达国家公路建设的环保观[J],中国公路,2003(2),55-57
[4]董常晖,徐燕.公路工程环境影响评价的研究进展[J],交通环保,2002(4),44-47
[5]张征.环境评价学[M],北京:高等教育出版社,2004.7
[6]董小林,赵剑强等.建立公路建设项目环境后评价制度的若干问题[J],中国公路学报,2001(7),86-89
[7]董小林.公路建设项目环境后评价[M]北京:人们交通出版社2003,263-277
[8]陈斌,魏庆耀.基于多级关联灰度模型的公路建设社会经济环境影响评价方法的研究[J],中国公路学报,2003(1),79-81
[9]郑新奇.基于RS和GIS的区域生态环境质量综合评价[J],环境科学学报,2000(4),489-493
[10]李修刚,王炜.用于道路环境影响综合评价的基于GIS的图形叠置法[J],环境科学学报,2001(4),448-453
[11]曾胜,张起森,成平.公路建设项目环境影响的模糊综合评价[J],交通环保,1998(5),11-12
[12]http://www.cctv.com/news/special/C15339/20060228/101569.shtml
[13]徐学珍.云南山区公路建设项目环境影响综合评价研究[D]南京:南京林业大学,2006
[14]陈光建.土地利用总体规划环境影响评价指标体系研究——以邛崃市土地利用总体规划为例[D]北京:中国科学院,2006
[15]Michael D.Meyer Eric J.Miller,Urban transportation planning second edition 2001,P212-216;
[16]浙江省交通厅,浙江公路水运咨询公司,长安大学.浙江省“乡村康庄工程”绩效评价报告[R],西安:长安大学,2006
[17]毛文永.生态环境影响评价概论[M],北京:中国环境科学出版社,1998
[18]张玉芬,邓学钧.道路交通环境工程[M],北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[19]JTG B03-2006,公路建设项目环境影响评价规范[S]北京:中国标准出版社,2006
[20]赵剑强.公路交通与环境保护[M],北京:人民交通出版社,2002
[21]郭晓汾,王国林.交通运输工程学[M],北京:人民交通出版社,2006
[22]曾珍香,顾培亮.可持续发展的系统分析与评价[M],北京:北京科学出版社,2000
[23]傅朗.区域环境与经济协调发展的评价研究——以广东省为例[D],北京:中国科学院研究生院,2007
[24]姚德民,李汉玲.系统工程实用教程[M],哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2000
[25]陆雍森.环境评价[M],上海:同济大学出版社,1999
[26]赵学珍,赵尘,孙微微.模糊层次分析法在环境影响评价中的应用[J],西南林学院学报,2006(2),62-65
[27]王凡.模糊数学工程科学[M],哈尔滨:哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社,1998
[28]浙江省交通厅.浙江省公路水路交通建设规划纲要(2003-2010)[Z],杭州,2002
[29]浙江省交通厅,浙江公路水运咨询公司,长安大学.浙江省“乡村康庄工程”绩效评价调查报告[R],西安:长安大学,2006
[30]GB 3096-93,城市区域环境噪声标准[S]北京:中国标准出版社,1993;
[32]GB 3095-1996,环境空气质量标准[S]北京:中国标准出版社,1993;
[33]程水源崔建生刘建秋等建设项目与区域环境影响评价[M],北京:中国环境科学出版社,2003
[34]朱坦.战略环境评价[M],天津:南开大学出版社,2005
[35]晏晓林等.公路建设项目环境影响后评价探讨[J],公路交通科技,2004(7),139-141
[36]吴丽娜,晏晓林等.公路建设项目环境影响后评价初探[J],交通环保,2004(2),1-5
[37]王建军.公路建设项目后评价理论研究[D],西安:长安大学,2003
[38]蔡晓荣.农村公路建设与环境资源保护的法律思考[J],交通企业管理,2007(1),12-13;
[39]凌勇.浅析农村公路建设现状与发展对策[J],乡镇经济,2005(11),18-19
[40]徐鹤,朱坦,贾纯荣.战略环境影响评价(SEA)在中国的开展—区域环境评价(REA) [J],城市环境与城市生态,2000(6),4-10
[41]李志平.公路施工期间的环境影响分析[J],东北公路,2001(2),86-90
[42]刘兆金,朱琼.公路环境评价发展现状及对策初探[J],交通环保,2002(4),15-19
[43]赵丽霞.我国环境影响评价制度研究[D],哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2005
[44]史宝忠.建设项目环境影响评价[M],北京:中国环境科学出版社,1999