基于组件GIS的地质、地球物理空间数据叠置处理
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摘要
当今地质与地球物理研究具有复杂性、系统性、综合性强、数据来源广等特点。为了更清晰的认识研究区域的地质、地球物理背景,突出反映该区域地貌高程、断裂、地层等地质特征及重力场、磁场分布等地球物理特征,构建该区域的三维场景,本文运用主流的、面向对象的组件GIS技术—ArcObjects组件库,并结合TeeChart图表控件,在Visual Basic6.0开发环境下进行GIS软件的定制与二次开发,开发了GIS桌面应用软件,实现了融合、叠置处理地质、地球物理及基础地理空间数据。软件实现了从多图层(矢量、栅格图层)提取信息重组成新的空间信息并绘制各类二维剖面、三维曲面的创新;实现了地图初步编辑、信息可视化、三维场景模拟等新功能。提高了地质、地球物理研究工作的效率和可视化程度,为地质、地球物理研究领域的前期工作提供参考数据和决策支持。利用ArcObjects组件库提供的各功能接口,提高了通用GIS软件同时处理多类数据的能力,反映了GIS应用软件向多源、多类别综合数据处理方向发展的趋势。软件以图层为基础,叠置DEM、断裂带、地层、重力场、磁场及基础地理信息数据,实现了以下主要功能:1)实现地图的初步编辑、光照渲染,并叠加DEM、断裂带、地层及基础地理信息图层,输出具有立体地貌高程效果的地图;2)绘制单(多)纵坐标的高程、重磁地质构造叠加剖面。该剖面绘制了沿测线方向的高程、重力场、磁场变化曲线,描述了测线所经过的断裂带、地层区域及属性信息;3)绘制了研究区域的高程、重力场、磁场的三维变化曲面,实现高程、重力场、磁场数据叠加三维模拟;4)实现了研究区域的三维场景的构建。该场景包括地形模拟、断裂带分布、地层分布、测线及城镇、交通干线、河流等基础地理信息。本文借助ArcObjects组件库提供的二次开发接口,阐述了软件的开发与应用过程,并最终通过在安徽庐枞矿集区二维反射地震方法实验项目、台湾海峡地震活动性与深部构造研究中的实际应用说明以ArcObjects组件为基础的GIS软件开发框架流程及应用效果。该软件为将来进一步开发基于OpenGL的综合地学数据融合处理三维GIS软件提供了参考,同时也为其他GIS地学应用软件的开发,提供有效的借鉴。
Nowadays,geological and geophysical research work is becoming to have some characteristics as complexity,systematization,strong combination,multi data source and so on. In order to get exactly good geological, geophysical information from study region to display elevation, faults, strata as geological characteristics,display gravity, magnetic field as geophysical characteristics,in order to construct 3D scene,we take use of main stream target-oriented component GIS-ArcObjects components and TeeChart chart control to customize GIS desktop software in Visual Basic6.0 environment, which combines geological, geophysical data with basic geographic spatial data and extract new information from many layers(Raster layers and feature layers) to rebuild new spatial data. With the new spatial data, the software could draw various 2D profiles and 3D surface as innovation. It supports some new functions as simple edit, information view, 3D scene simulation and so on, and provides convenient effective reference and design & decision supportting to researcher, thus raising the degree of visualization and efficiency of research. Working with ArcObjects components, It also reinforces common GIS software to work with different tyies of data at one time. Which reflects new trend that future GIS softwares should need to manage and analyse spatial data with different tyies and source. The GIS software bases on layer to overlay DEM with faults, strata, gravity, magnetic field layers and basic geographic information layers. It contains main tasks as below: 1) Simply edit map. Light map. Draw 3D results of overlays of DEM, faults, strata and basic geographic information data. 2) Draw 2D profile containing multi-vertical ordinates, change curves of elevation, gravity, magnetic field and information about faults, strata. 3) Overlay DEM with gravity and magnetic field layer to draw change surface of elevation,gravity and magnetic field for constructing 3D simulation of elevation, gravity, magnetic field. 4) Construct 3D scene of study region. The scene could contain topographic simulation, distribution of faults and strata, survey sections, cities, traffic arteries, rivers, other basic geographic information and so on. This paper illustrates customization flow and application of GIS software with ArcObjects component interfaces and demonstrates the GIS software exploitation frame and results of application by applying the GIS software to project of testing method for 2D seismic reflection in Luzong region,the seismic activity and deep structure in Taiwan strait. Customized GIS software successfully to offer a reference for making 3D GIS software which bases on OpenGL and works well with confluent various data. It also makes a good example for customizing other GIS software.
Nowadays,geological and geophysical research work is becoming to have some characteristics as complexity,systematization,strong combination,multi data source and so on. In order to get exactly good geological, geophysical information from study region to display elevation, faults, strata as geological characteristics,display gravity, magnetic field as geophysical characteristics,in order to construct 3D scene,we take use of main stream target-oriented component GIS-ArcObjects components and TeeChart chart control to customize GIS desktop software in Visual Basic6.0 environment, which combines geological, geophysical data with basic geographic spatial data and extract new information from many layers(Raster layers and feature layers) to rebuild new spatial data. With the new spatial data, the software could draw various 2D profiles and 3D surface as innovation. It supports some new functions as simple edit, information view, 3D scene simulation and so on, and provides convenient effective reference and design & decision supportting to researcher, thus raising the degree of visualization and efficiency of research. Working with ArcObjects components, It also reinforces common GIS software to work with different tyies of data at one time. Which reflects new trend that future GIS softwares should need to manage and analyse spatial data with different tyies and source. The GIS software bases on layer to overlay DEM with faults, strata, gravity, magnetic field layers and basic geographic information layers. It contains main tasks as below: 1) Simply edit map. Light map. Draw 3D results of overlays of DEM, faults, strata and basic geographic information data. 2) Draw 2D profile containing multi-vertical ordinates, change curves of elevation, gravity, magnetic field and information about faults, strata. 3) Overlay DEM with gravity and magnetic field layer to draw change surface of elevation,gravity and magnetic field for constructing 3D simulation of elevation, gravity, magnetic field. 4) Construct 3D scene of study region. The scene could contain topographic simulation, distribution of faults and strata, survey sections, cities, traffic arteries, rivers, other basic geographic information and so on. This paper illustrates customization flow and application of GIS software with ArcObjects component interfaces and demonstrates the GIS software exploitation frame and results of application by applying the GIS software to project of testing method for 2D seismic reflection in Luzong region,the seismic activity and deep structure in Taiwan strait. Customized GIS software successfully to offer a reference for making 3D GIS software which bases on OpenGL and works well with confluent various data. It also makes a good example for customizing other GIS software.
引文
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[2][美]Kang-tsung Chang等.陈健飞等译.地理信息系统概论.科学出版社2003.10
[3]汤国安、赵牡丹等.地理信息系统.科学出版社.2001.7
[4]郑贵洲.地理信息系统(GIS)在地质学中的应用.地球科学-中国地质大学学报.1998.7.第23卷第4期
[5]欧少佳、许惠平叶娜等.基于组件体系结构的地质GIS 应用系统开发研究.吉林大学学报(地球科学版).2002.10.第32卷.第4期
[6]袁艳斌.姜龚晖.三峡坝区边坡构造专题GIS的研制.山地学报.2000.2.18(1):63～68
[7]余一欣.基于GIS技术的地表构造特征研究.西安石油大学学报(白然版).2004.19(4)
[8]张会平.基丁DEM的岷山构造带构造地貌初步研究.国士资源遥感.2004
[9]王晓莲.浅析基于GIS的油气田数据展示方法.计算机系统应用.2007
[10]叶水盛.基于GIS的区域重磁空间信息集成研究.地球物理学进展.2006.3,21(1):84-92
[11][美]阿伯内西等.汪浩等译.COM/DCOM技术内幕.电子工业出版社.2000.1
[12]朱莹、刘学军、陈锁忠.基丁GIS的地质剖面图自动绘制软件的研究.南京师大学报(自然科学版).2007.12.第32卷4期
[13]张树兵、戴红等.Visual Basic 6.0入门与提高.清华大学出版社.1999.6
[14]韩鹏,徐占华,褚海峰,等.地理信息系统开发.武汉:武汉大学出版社,2005
[15]吴晓伟、史树辉等.绘图控件TeeChart的功能介绍与应用举例.内蒙古石油化工.2005.7:54-55
[16]朱玲、武玉强等.TeeChart实现工控领域的实时曲线和历史曲线的方法.工业控制计算机.2005年18卷第8期
[17]徐士良.数值方法与计算机实现.清华大学出版社.2006.2
[18]和平工作室编著.OpenGl高级编程与可视化系统开发.中国水利水电出版社.2003.1
[19]MasonWoo、JaekieNeider等.OpenGl编程权威指南.中国电力出版社.2003.5
[20]吴信才.地理信息系统设计与实现.电子工业出版社.2002.3
[21]汤国安、杨昕等.ArcGIS地理信息系统空间分析实验教程.科学出版社.2006.4
[22]朱凌.ArcGIS9的特点及其ArcObjects Controls版的使用体会.北京测绘.2004年1期
[23]冯克忠等.ArcObjects开发指南(VB篇).电子工业出版社.2007.1
[24]吴秀芹等.ArcGIS9地理信息系统应用与实践.清华大学出版社.2007.6
[25]刘仁义、刘南等.ArcGIs开发宝典:从入门到精通.科学出版社.2006.9
[26]毛锋、沈小华、艾丽舣.ArcGIS8开发与实践.科学出版社.2004.3
[27]ESRI.ArcGIS培训教材.ESRI Corporation.2004
[28]ESRI.ArcEngine培训教材.ESRI Corporation.2007
[29]ESRI.ArcObject/ArcEngine程开发教程.ESRI Corporation.2007
[30]杨海燕、周荣福、谷舣喜.基于ArcGIS Engine的GIS开发的系统设计与实现.国土资源信息化.2008年01期
[31]张旭晴、丁小平、杨国东等.基于ArcSDE的空间基础数据库设计与实现.测绘与空间地理信息.2007年06期
[32]史永忠、曹全龙.基于ArcEngine的三维地形可视化系统的研究与开发.现代测绘.2007.5.第30卷3期
[33]ESRI.ArcGIS developer help VB help.ESRI Corporation.2007
[34]ESRI.ArcGIS desktop help.ESRI.Corporation.2007
[35]ESRI.ShapeFile数据说明ArcGIS培训教材.ESRI.Corporation.2006
[36]刘蕊、梁虹、冯涛等.基于AE的Shapefile利Excel之间数据转换的方法.计算机工程与设计.2007.7.第28卷14期
[37]郑全红.基于ArcGIS与ArcObjects的线性参考系统的建立与应用.四川测绘.2005.9.第28卷3期
[38][美]依大杰、[美]霍特卡等著.杨浩、吴雷译.Visual Basic 2005高级编程.清华大学出版社.2006.11
[39]韩林、王海文、陈镭.VB中使刚TeeChart Pro4控件实现绘制和打印坐标图功能Applicat-ication of The Computer Systems.2001.9
[40]李翠华、郎奎建、刘兆刚.基于GIS的森林资源变化叠置分析研究.林业调查规划.2007.2.32(1):19-22
[41]张飞涟、张涛.基于GIS的图形叠置法在城镇市政设施投资项目环境影响后评价中的应用.城市勘测.2007年01期28-31
[42]陈华根、吴健生、王家林等.剖面叠置思想在地球物理反演建模中的应用.同济大学学报(自然科学版).2003.11.第31卷11期
[43]俞何兴,陈汝勤.台湾海域之沉积盆地[M].台湾国立编泽馆主编.渤海堂文化公司印行,1996.[YU He2xing,CHEN Nu2qin.The sedimentary basin of off shore Taiwan[J].Taiwan In2terpreter Editor in chief,Bohai Culture Company Publishing,1996.
[44]Rui Gao,Zhanwu Lu,Qiusheng El,Ye Guan,Jisheng Zhang,Rizheng He,and Liyan Huang, Geophysical Probe and Geodynamic Study of the Crust and Upper Mantle in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China,Episodes,28(4),(2005),263-273.
[45]谢志平、陈园田.台湾海峡地震与地质构造、地壳运动的关系.台湾海峡.1995.14(4)
[46]陈园田、谢志平.台湾海峡活动断裂与地震活动.华南地震.1995.14(4)
[47]李国华.台湾海峡构造地貌与地震活动特征研究.福建地震.1999.15(2)
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