用于拖曳阵阵形测量的光纤磁场传感研究
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摘要
阵形测量是拖曳阵声纳研究的关键技术之一。为了满足被动拖曳阵声纳非声定位的需求,实现光纤水听器拖曳阵主体的全光纤结构,提出了基于地磁场传感的光纤磁场传感技术实现光纤阵列中阵形测量的新研究思路。
从拖曳阵阵形取向测量精度要求、主要海区地磁分布特点出发,通过基于地磁测量的阵列取向测量理论研究,提出了用于光纤拖曳阵阵形测量的光纤地磁场传感器的性能要求。根据现有材料及技术基础,对建立全光拖曳阵阵形测定光纤磁场传感系统的可行性进行了理论和实验研究,设计了一种测向精度可满足拖曳阵要求、信号处理与光纤水听器声信号处理兼容的光纤地磁场传感及阵列取向测量方案。研制了用于光纤拖曳阵的光纤磁场传感器,通过取向角度测量实验,验证了光纤磁场传感器可以实现基于地磁测量的取向角度测量。
本论文的主要研究成果和创新如下:
1、提出并研制了基于磁致伸缩效应的全保偏干涉式光纤地磁场传感器,实现了稳定的地磁传感。
2、理论分析了保偏光纤干涉系统残存的寄生干涉效应,提出了抑制干涉效应的有效措施,提高了系统的检测精度。
3、在多匝光纤粘贴磁致伸缩材料的全保偏光纤磁场传感探头研究中,发现了退敏现象,提出了相应的解决办法,保证了磁致伸缩应变有效转化为传感光纤中的相位变化。
4、提出用光纤磁场传感器进行光纤水听器拖曳阵声纳的取向角测量方案,建立了二单元同轴向光纤磁场传感器以及二维正交单元光纤磁场传感器定向系统,完成了原理性实验验证,为拖曳阵磁场传感定向奠定基础。
The array shape measurement is one of the key techniques of the towed array sonar research. In order to realize all-optical-fiber structure in the main part of the fiber-optic hydrophone towed array, and meet the non-sound-position request of passive towed sonar, a new idea is proposed, which is to apply the fiber-optic Earth magnetic field sensing technology on the shape measurement of the optical fiber array.
Due to the request of the directional angle precision in the shape measurement of the towed array, and the Earth magnetic field distribution characteristic of the main sea areas, a series of theoretic research about the array direction have been performed, and the performance request for the fiber-optic magnetic field sensor is obtained in the shape measurement of the optical fiber towed array. Based on the acquired material and by-past technology foundation, the feasibility of the shape measurement of the all-optical-fiber towed array with the fiber-optic magnetic field sensor has been proved by means of theoretic and experimental research. Then, an array direction measurement scheme, that is the fiber-optic Earth magnetic field sensing scheme, is brought forward, which can meet the precision request of the direction measurement in the towed array, and also be compatible with the fiber-optic hydrophone in the signal-procession part. Finally, fiber-optic magnetic field sensors used for the fiber-optic towed array are designed and achieved, and the directional angle measurement is realized by the fiberoptic magnetic field sensors through measuring the Earth magnetic field.
The main works and the creative achievements in the dissertation are as follows:
1. All-polarization-maintaining-fiber (PMF) interferometric Earth magnetic field sensors are presented and developed, which can stably measure the Earth magnetic field.
2. The remaining parasitic interfering effect in the polarization maintaining fiber interferometer is theoretically analyzed. Corresponding methods is put forward to restrain the effect, which prompting the detecting precision of the all-PMF Earth magnetic field sensor.
3. A desensitizing effect is found in the designing process of the all-polarization-maintaining-fiber sensor head which consists of a piece of magntostrictive strip bonded on the optical fiber ribbon at the two end of the strip. Then, corresponding effective technical method is proposed to control the effect, so as to ensure the efficiently transformation from the magnetostrictive strain to the phase in the sensing fiber.
4. A new scheme is proposed, which is the directional angle measurement of the fiber-optic hydrophone towed array realized with fiber optic Earth magnetic field sensor. Two directional detection systems based on double in-line fiber-optic magnetic field sensors and planar perpendicular fiber-optic magnetic field sensors are respectively built, and the verifying experiments are finished, which have established a foundation for the magnetic field sensing directional engineering of the towed array.
从拖曳阵阵形取向测量精度要求、主要海区地磁分布特点出发,通过基于地磁测量的阵列取向测量理论研究,提出了用于光纤拖曳阵阵形测量的光纤地磁场传感器的性能要求。根据现有材料及技术基础,对建立全光拖曳阵阵形测定光纤磁场传感系统的可行性进行了理论和实验研究,设计了一种测向精度可满足拖曳阵要求、信号处理与光纤水听器声信号处理兼容的光纤地磁场传感及阵列取向测量方案。研制了用于光纤拖曳阵的光纤磁场传感器,通过取向角度测量实验,验证了光纤磁场传感器可以实现基于地磁测量的取向角度测量。
本论文的主要研究成果和创新如下:
1、提出并研制了基于磁致伸缩效应的全保偏干涉式光纤地磁场传感器,实现了稳定的地磁传感。
2、理论分析了保偏光纤干涉系统残存的寄生干涉效应,提出了抑制干涉效应的有效措施,提高了系统的检测精度。
3、在多匝光纤粘贴磁致伸缩材料的全保偏光纤磁场传感探头研究中,发现了退敏现象,提出了相应的解决办法,保证了磁致伸缩应变有效转化为传感光纤中的相位变化。
4、提出用光纤磁场传感器进行光纤水听器拖曳阵声纳的取向角测量方案,建立了二单元同轴向光纤磁场传感器以及二维正交单元光纤磁场传感器定向系统,完成了原理性实验验证,为拖曳阵磁场传感定向奠定基础。
The array shape measurement is one of the key techniques of the towed array sonar research. In order to realize all-optical-fiber structure in the main part of the fiber-optic hydrophone towed array, and meet the non-sound-position request of passive towed sonar, a new idea is proposed, which is to apply the fiber-optic Earth magnetic field sensing technology on the shape measurement of the optical fiber array.
Due to the request of the directional angle precision in the shape measurement of the towed array, and the Earth magnetic field distribution characteristic of the main sea areas, a series of theoretic research about the array direction have been performed, and the performance request for the fiber-optic magnetic field sensor is obtained in the shape measurement of the optical fiber towed array. Based on the acquired material and by-past technology foundation, the feasibility of the shape measurement of the all-optical-fiber towed array with the fiber-optic magnetic field sensor has been proved by means of theoretic and experimental research. Then, an array direction measurement scheme, that is the fiber-optic Earth magnetic field sensing scheme, is brought forward, which can meet the precision request of the direction measurement in the towed array, and also be compatible with the fiber-optic hydrophone in the signal-procession part. Finally, fiber-optic magnetic field sensors used for the fiber-optic towed array are designed and achieved, and the directional angle measurement is realized by the fiberoptic magnetic field sensors through measuring the Earth magnetic field.
The main works and the creative achievements in the dissertation are as follows:
1. All-polarization-maintaining-fiber (PMF) interferometric Earth magnetic field sensors are presented and developed, which can stably measure the Earth magnetic field.
2. The remaining parasitic interfering effect in the polarization maintaining fiber interferometer is theoretically analyzed. Corresponding methods is put forward to restrain the effect, which prompting the detecting precision of the all-PMF Earth magnetic field sensor.
3. A desensitizing effect is found in the designing process of the all-polarization-maintaining-fiber sensor head which consists of a piece of magntostrictive strip bonded on the optical fiber ribbon at the two end of the strip. Then, corresponding effective technical method is proposed to control the effect, so as to ensure the efficiently transformation from the magnetostrictive strain to the phase in the sensing fiber.
4. A new scheme is proposed, which is the directional angle measurement of the fiber-optic hydrophone towed array realized with fiber optic Earth magnetic field sensor. Two directional detection systems based on double in-line fiber-optic magnetic field sensors and planar perpendicular fiber-optic magnetic field sensors are respectively built, and the verifying experiments are finished, which have established a foundation for the magnetic field sensing directional engineering of the towed array.
引文
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