摘要
1991年Gratzel研究小组首次利用纳米技术使染料敏化太阳能电池的转化效率有了大幅度的提高而受到广泛的关注,染料敏化太阳能电池为利用太阳能提供了一种新的途径。
染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)主要由导电玻璃、多孔纳米TiO2薄膜、染料、对电极和电解质五部分组成。本文主要分两部分对染料敏化太阳能电池的电解质和染料合成作简单综述和研究。
一、本文以咪唑类离子液体为研究对象。首先以咪唑和硫酸二甲酯为原料合成了甲基咪唑,并使产率有所提高,然后合成了四种碘代烷及四种相应的碘化咪唑盐。最后利用核磁对[i-PMIm]I、[n-PMIm]I、[i-BuMI]I、[i-C5MI]I结构进行表征。
二、在染料敏化太阳能电池中,敏化染料起着吸收太阳光和传输电子的作用,是太阳能电池光电转化效率高低的重要决定因素。
在参阅文献基础上,通过Vilsmerier甲酰化、witting反应、Heck反应及Knoevenagel缩合反应成功合成了全有机染料Ⅰ,并设计合成了染料Ⅱ以及染料Ⅲ,又用氰乙酸甲酯代替氰乙酸得到了染料Ⅳ和染料Ⅴ,目的是探索染料分子结构与吸收光谱的关系,为今后设计新的敏化染料提供参考。所有合成的染料分子结构都通过IR和1HNMR进行确证。
People pay extensive attention to dye-sensitized solar cells because its conversion efficiency had been greatly enhanced by Gratzel research team using firstly nanotechnology in 1991, dye-sensitized solar cells provide a new approach to utilization of solar energy.
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) is mainly composed of conductive glass, porousnano-TiO2 thin films, dyes, counter-electrode and electrolytes. In this paper, the dye and the electrolyte were made a brief summary and studied.
1. In this paper, imidazolium ionic liquids were investigated. First of all we synthesized N-methylimidazole using imidazole and dimethyl sulfate as substrates, with improved productivity, then we synthesized four iodoalkanes and four corresponding imidazole iodizes. The structures of [i- PMIm]I, [n-PMIm]I, [i-BuMI] I, [i-C5MI]I have been characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) technology.
2. In dye-sensitized solar cells, sensitized dyes play a role of harvesting light and transmitting electron, and is of paramount importance to photovoltaic conversion efficiency.
After referring to extensive literature, we successfully synthesized the pure organic dyeⅠthrough Vilsmerier formylation, witting reaction, Heck reaction and Knoevenagel condensation reaction, then we designed and synthesized dyesⅡ~Ⅲ. Then replacing cyanoacetate with methyl cyanoacetate, we synthesized dyesⅣ~Ⅴto explore the relationship of the molecular structure and absorption spectra and provide a reference for the design of new sensitized dyes in the future. The structures have been characterized by IR and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) technology.
引文
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