基因技术的社会伦理问题研究
摘要
基因技术是21世纪最尖端的技术之一。“人类基因组计划”（HGP）与“曼哈顿”原子弹计划、“阿波罗”登月计划一起，被并称为现代自然科学史“三大”计划。随着基因组排序的日渐完成，又有“克隆人”的巨大冲击，基因技术的社会伦理问题成了一个热门话题，基因伦理学也成了科技伦理学分支中的一个最热门、最前沿的学科之一。
面对快速发展的生命科技，克隆人、基因决定一切、基因买卖、基因隐私等问题凸现在人们面前，社会一片恐慌，报章杂志沸沸扬扬，讨论会、座谈会不断举行，好像世界末日要来临。本文认为，不必过于恐慌，要正确估计人类的伦理智慧，应当通过研究活动，带动大家广泛开展科普工作，以此引起全社会的关注和思考，使大家都能正确认识基因技术，形成比较科学、合情的基因技术伦理规范，推动科技健康发展和社会文明进步，使科技和伦理达到同发展、共进步的目的。
本论文根据应用伦理学的研究方法，结合生命科技的基本观点以及生命伦理学已有的知情自主、公正无害、行善有利等基本原则，分析了基因技术所带来的伦理挑战，初步探索和建立了关于基因技术的基本伦理规范和原则。主要内容是：坚持基本的不伤害、有利、知情、尊重、公正原则；向科学家、科学共同体提出系统的道德要求；建立规范程序监督基因科技研究范围；建立基因专利伦理框架；加快基因立法速度，使基因技术和伦理协调发展。
Genetic technology is among the top ones in the 21st century." human gene project"," Manhattan"Nuclear Atom Project and " Apollo's Moon-Landing" are
equally known as the "Three Major" Project in modern natured science.With the
accomplishment of genetic orders and the great boom of Colon.Social ethics of
genetic technology has become a popular topic, thus, Genetic ethics has also become
one of the most popular and up-to-date subjects among scientific ethics.
With the rapid development of life technology. So many problems have come into
sight.Such as Colon, genes determine everything,the purchase and sale of genes,
Genetic privacy. As to such problems, the whole world are in horrors.the reports
and news have swept over all kinds of newspaper and magazines. Meetings and
discussions are held from time to time. It seems that the world will come to an
end.This essay argues that we should make a sound judgment about human ethical
intelligence and it is unnessary to be filled with horrors.By conducting researchs
and leading everyone to participate in this scientific universality activity,we
can draw attentions and concerns of all walks of life and try to make everyone have
a right attitude toward genetic technology,thus establish a wore scientific and
reasonable ethical model of genetic technology,set a smooth for the healthy
development of technology and healthy progress of our society in order to develop
the technology and ethics at the same rate and in the same direction.
Based on the research method of applied ethnics,and combined the basic idea
of life thchnology and the basic principle of life ethics such as self-decision
on mess, justice without~ bo and benefit bo charity, this (esS8y)
has anayZed the ethied cha11eg% resu1ted bo gunetic Techno1Ogy, and
e1esenfori1y exp1ored and bui1t up the hasic ethica1 noms and PYineip1es on Genetic
Techno1Ogy. The bon content is to adhere tO the boic Ptinciples such as
bo1essness, benefit, aress, mptfu1ness and justice: tO ask the
systwtic ethiCa1 dond fOr scientists and science --nity: to estab1ish noml
Ptocedures tO sUPervise Genetic Tecno1ogy; tb bui1d UP ethital bok on
Genetic Patent; to speed uP Genetic 1egis1ation tO reconci1e the deV1Opeent of
Genstic M1Ogy and ethics.
面对快速发展的生命科技，克隆人、基因决定一切、基因买卖、基因隐私等问题凸现在人们面前，社会一片恐慌，报章杂志沸沸扬扬，讨论会、座谈会不断举行，好像世界末日要来临。本文认为，不必过于恐慌，要正确估计人类的伦理智慧，应当通过研究活动，带动大家广泛开展科普工作，以此引起全社会的关注和思考，使大家都能正确认识基因技术，形成比较科学、合情的基因技术伦理规范，推动科技健康发展和社会文明进步，使科技和伦理达到同发展、共进步的目的。
本论文根据应用伦理学的研究方法，结合生命科技的基本观点以及生命伦理学已有的知情自主、公正无害、行善有利等基本原则，分析了基因技术所带来的伦理挑战，初步探索和建立了关于基因技术的基本伦理规范和原则。主要内容是：坚持基本的不伤害、有利、知情、尊重、公正原则；向科学家、科学共同体提出系统的道德要求；建立规范程序监督基因科技研究范围；建立基因专利伦理框架；加快基因立法速度，使基因技术和伦理协调发展。
Genetic technology is among the top ones in the 21st century." human gene project"," Manhattan"Nuclear Atom Project and " Apollo's Moon-Landing" are
equally known as the "Three Major" Project in modern natured science.With the
accomplishment of genetic orders and the great boom of Colon.Social ethics of
genetic technology has become a popular topic, thus, Genetic ethics has also become
one of the most popular and up-to-date subjects among scientific ethics.
With the rapid development of life technology. So many problems have come into
sight.Such as Colon, genes determine everything,the purchase and sale of genes,
Genetic privacy. As to such problems, the whole world are in horrors.the reports
and news have swept over all kinds of newspaper and magazines. Meetings and
discussions are held from time to time. It seems that the world will come to an
end.This essay argues that we should make a sound judgment about human ethical
intelligence and it is unnessary to be filled with horrors.By conducting researchs
and leading everyone to participate in this scientific universality activity,we
can draw attentions and concerns of all walks of life and try to make everyone have
a right attitude toward genetic technology,thus establish a wore scientific and
reasonable ethical model of genetic technology,set a smooth for the healthy
development of technology and healthy progress of our society in order to develop
the technology and ethics at the same rate and in the same direction.
Based on the research method of applied ethnics,and combined the basic idea
of life thchnology and the basic principle of life ethics such as self-decision
on mess, justice without~ bo and benefit bo charity, this (esS8y)
has anayZed the ethied cha11eg% resu1ted bo gunetic Techno1Ogy, and
e1esenfori1y exp1ored and bui1t up the hasic ethica1 noms and PYineip1es on Genetic
Techno1Ogy. The bon content is to adhere tO the boic Ptinciples such as
bo1essness, benefit, aress, mptfu1ness and justice: tO ask the
systwtic ethiCa1 dond fOr scientists and science --nity: to estab1ish noml
Ptocedures tO sUPervise Genetic Tecno1ogy; tb bui1d UP ethital bok on
Genetic Patent; to speed uP Genetic 1egis1ation tO reconci1e the deV1Opeent of
Genstic M1Ogy and ethics.
引文
[1]陈志刚编著：《解读天书——人类基因组》，企业管理出版社，2000年10月第1版
[2]甘绍平著：《伦理智慧》，发展出版社，2000年4月第1版
[3]中华基因网：http://www.chinagenenet.com
[4]kwrt Bagertz著，马怀琪译；《基因伦理学》，华夏出版社，2001年
[5]宋健主编：《现代科学技术基础知识》，科学出版社，1994年
[6]郭自力：论基因研究中的法律和伦理问题，中国青年政治学院学报，VOL．19，NO．3，2000
[7]邱仁宗：克隆技术及其伦理学含义，自然辩证法研究，VOL．B，NO．6，1997
[8]邱仁宗：生命伦理学，上海人民出版社，1987
[9]邱仁宗：遗传学、优生学与伦理学试探，遗传第二期，1997
[10]邱仁宗：论“人”的概念——生命伦理学的视角，哲学研究第9期，1998
[11]邱仁宗：21世纪生命伦理学展望，《哲学研究》第一期，2000
[12]倪慧芳：基因与生殖干预中的伦理问题，自然辩证法研究 VOL．15，NO．1，1999
[13]赵静萍；人类基因组计划对伦理观念挑战的思考，山西高等学校社会科学学报，VOL．12，NO．8，2000
[14]汤啸天；基因及基因研究的法律控制，法律科学第四期，2000
[15]邱仁宗；人类基因组研究和伦理学，自然辩证法通讯，1999，(1)
[16]李立；应设立基因专利申请基金，法制日报，2000-05-05
[17]孙俊辉；关于生命伦理学及若干问题的哲学思考，自然辩证法研究，VOL．13，NO．5，1997
[18]张浆夫：科学家对技术的伦理责任，自然辩证法研究，VOL．15，NO．9，1999
[19]段伟文：技术的价值负载与伦理反思，自然科辩证研究，VOL．16，NO．8，2000
[20]kal mitcham: Thinking through technologe: the path between engineering and philosophy, The University of Chicago press, 1994
[21]HUGO Ethics committee, 1999 statement on cloning。Australia
[22]王延光：人类基因组研究及其伦理问题，道德与文明，第二期，2001
[23]薛冬：生命伦理的焦点话题——基因专家细说“知情权”，光明日报，2001-04-16
[24]代天宇：《复制生命——人类与克隆》，科学普及出版社，1999．4
[25]刘大椿；《科学技术哲学导论》中国人民大学出版社，2000．
[2]甘绍平著：《伦理智慧》，发展出版社，2000年4月第1版
[3]中华基因网：http://www.chinagenenet.com
[4]kwrt Bagertz著，马怀琪译；《基因伦理学》，华夏出版社，2001年
[5]宋健主编：《现代科学技术基础知识》，科学出版社，1994年
[6]郭自力：论基因研究中的法律和伦理问题，中国青年政治学院学报，VOL．19，NO．3，2000
[7]邱仁宗：克隆技术及其伦理学含义，自然辩证法研究，VOL．B，NO．6，1997
[8]邱仁宗：生命伦理学，上海人民出版社，1987
[9]邱仁宗：遗传学、优生学与伦理学试探，遗传第二期，1997
[10]邱仁宗：论“人”的概念——生命伦理学的视角，哲学研究第9期，1998
[11]邱仁宗：21世纪生命伦理学展望，《哲学研究》第一期，2000
[12]倪慧芳：基因与生殖干预中的伦理问题，自然辩证法研究 VOL．15，NO．1，1999
[13]赵静萍；人类基因组计划对伦理观念挑战的思考，山西高等学校社会科学学报，VOL．12，NO．8，2000
[14]汤啸天；基因及基因研究的法律控制，法律科学第四期，2000
[15]邱仁宗；人类基因组研究和伦理学，自然辩证法通讯，1999，(1)
[16]李立；应设立基因专利申请基金，法制日报，2000-05-05
[17]孙俊辉；关于生命伦理学及若干问题的哲学思考，自然辩证法研究，VOL．13，NO．5，1997
[18]张浆夫：科学家对技术的伦理责任，自然辩证法研究，VOL．15，NO．9，1999
[19]段伟文：技术的价值负载与伦理反思，自然科辩证研究，VOL．16，NO．8，2000
[20]kal mitcham: Thinking through technologe: the path between engineering and philosophy, The University of Chicago press, 1994
[21]HUGO Ethics committee, 1999 statement on cloning。Australia
[22]王延光：人类基因组研究及其伦理问题，道德与文明，第二期，2001
[23]薛冬：生命伦理的焦点话题——基因专家细说“知情权”，光明日报，2001-04-16
[24]代天宇：《复制生命——人类与克隆》，科学普及出版社，1999．4
[25]刘大椿；《科学技术哲学导论》中国人民大学出版社，2000．