农村电网结构评价方法的研究
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摘要
电网是电力工业发展的一个重要环节。电网结构合理与否，对电网的技术性能和经济效益以及安全、优质、经济、高效运行将产生长期的影响。从电网结构评价研究的现状看，无论从理论上还是实际应用上，当前的研究工作开展的还很不够，特别是应用线损来评价电网结构，相关文献和报道较少。一个结构合理的电力网络，其线损的合理指标值是多少，分布情况又如何?都没有进行详细的分析研究。因此，如何通过线损来评价电网结构问题将是本文的研究核心。
本文提出了农村电网结构评估方法的新思路，首次提出了虚拟电网的概念及其设计与构建方法，从而奠定了电网结构评价的虚拟电网模型法的基础。通过对虚拟电网供电区域的划分、变电站容量座数及变电站类型划分等的确定，建立了模型评价法的设计理念。由于地区经济和供电负荷的不同，所反映的地区电网结构也不同，课题对地区类型进行了划分，分别建立发达地区、较发达地区和欠发达地区的虚拟电网模型，通过对所建虚拟电网进行线损参数等性能指标的计算，确定出三类经济发展地区的线损指标的标准值。然后，将计算出的线损标准值与北京、冀北地区的现行农网的实际线损值进行对比，分析北京、冀北地区的农村电网结构现状，并提出改善的措施和方法。
Power network is very important to electric industry developing. Whether power network is rational or not is coming into being the long influence to technique capability, economy benefit, security, high quality and running. Form the evaluating actually of power network, although evaluating power network rationality is plenty of studied, it is not almost reported by literatures to using power loss evaluating power network. Rational power network is not particular studied what is rational parameter value about power loss and how is distributed. Therefore, how uses power loss to evaluating power network is emphases in this paper.
In this paper, a new method to evaluate the structure of power network is presented that using power loss evaluating power network. A virtual model of power network is established according to the load levels of the different economic areas. The structure of real power network is evaluated by comparing the real network's parameter with the established virtual network's parameter, such as the power loss. At last, the proposed approach is tested on Beijing and Jibei. Study results are given in the paper.
本文提出了农村电网结构评估方法的新思路，首次提出了虚拟电网的概念及其设计与构建方法，从而奠定了电网结构评价的虚拟电网模型法的基础。通过对虚拟电网供电区域的划分、变电站容量座数及变电站类型划分等的确定，建立了模型评价法的设计理念。由于地区经济和供电负荷的不同，所反映的地区电网结构也不同，课题对地区类型进行了划分，分别建立发达地区、较发达地区和欠发达地区的虚拟电网模型，通过对所建虚拟电网进行线损参数等性能指标的计算，确定出三类经济发展地区的线损指标的标准值。然后，将计算出的线损标准值与北京、冀北地区的现行农网的实际线损值进行对比，分析北京、冀北地区的农村电网结构现状，并提出改善的措施和方法。
Power network is very important to electric industry developing. Whether power network is rational or not is coming into being the long influence to technique capability, economy benefit, security, high quality and running. Form the evaluating actually of power network, although evaluating power network rationality is plenty of studied, it is not almost reported by literatures to using power loss evaluating power network. Rational power network is not particular studied what is rational parameter value about power loss and how is distributed. Therefore, how uses power loss to evaluating power network is emphases in this paper.
In this paper, a new method to evaluate the structure of power network is presented that using power loss evaluating power network. A virtual model of power network is established according to the load levels of the different economic areas. The structure of real power network is evaluated by comparing the real network's parameter with the established virtual network's parameter, such as the power loss. At last, the proposed approach is tested on Beijing and Jibei. Study results are given in the paper.
引文
[1] 李树贤．农网结构配置比例优化探讨．农村电气化．1995，000(008)，P．2-4
[2] 萧国泉，徐绳均．电力规划．水利电力出版社，北京，1993，6，P．198-199
[3] 丁明，孙昕，胡昭明．大型电力系统可靠性评价体系(Ⅱ)算法．合肥工业大学学报．1998，021(006)，P．1-6
[4] 任震，谌军，黄雯莹，李本河．大型电力系统可靠性评估的模型及算法．电力系统自动化．1999，023(005)，P．25-27，34
[5] 韩富春，边丽江，刘亚新．电力系统规划可靠性评估研究．太原理工大学学报．2001，032(005)，P．469-471，481
[6] 别朝红，王锡凡．蒙特卡洛法在评估电力系统可靠性中的应用．电力系统自动化．1997，021(006)，P．68-75
[7] 丘文千．用最大最小负荷倍数评估电网供电能力．华东电力．1994，000(010)，P．29-30
[8] 刘继东，于会萍，程浩忠．输电网规划方案成本分析与评价软件开发．华北电力技术．2001，000(005，P．37-40
[9] 高洁，唐国庆．基于关联函数的电网规划优度评价法．系统工程理论方法应用．2000，009(004)，P．340-344
[10] 宋云亭，丁明，曹钢，裴锦．调峰电源的概率评价方法及其应用．中国电力．1999，032(011)，P．40-43
[11] 王锡凡，王秀丽．电力系统优化规划．水利电力出版社，北京，1995，6
[12] 王玉林．优化电源结构提高电网经济调度水平．华北电力技术．1997，000(012)，P．11-13
[13] 郝少林．加强农网技术改造提高电力综合效益．农村电气化．1998，000(006)，P．6-6
[14] 姜文立，许有方．谈电网合理结构及电源优化配置．电网技术．1998，022(011)，P．42-45
[15] 林秋映．农网改造要结合电网网络结构．广东水利水电．2003，No．1，p．67-68
[16] 韩旭东．在农网改造中降低网络损耗的技术及管理措施．农业机械化与电气化．2002，000(002)，P．35-36
[17] 王祝华．35kV电网结构的改造．矿山机械．2002，030(004)，P．60-61
[18] 黄武忠，孔德键，钟丹虹，吴捷．模糊综合评判在电网远期规划中的应用．供用电．2001，05
[19] 杨舒．地理信息系统在城市配电管理及分区负荷预测中的应用．武汉水利电力大学硕士论文．1995
[20] Huaiwei Liao; Dagmar Niebur. Load profile estimation in electric transmission networks using independentcomponent analysis. IEEE Transactions on power systems, vol. 18, 2003
[21] S. C. Tripathy; Amit Jain; R. Balasubramanian. Expert system application to topological observability of power systems. International Journal of Engineering Intelligent systems for ElectricalEngineering and Communications. vol. 11, 2003
[22] 沈根才．正确规划电网结构重视电网稳定性．电力系统自动化．2001，025(009)，P．38-41
[23] 郑美特．电网结构规划原则的研究．中国电力．1999，032(006)，P．9-12
[24] 段保林．谈县市级电网规划设计．农村电气化．1996，000(011)，P．21-21
[25] 沈根才．论电网结构．中国电力．1996，029(012)，P．3-8，71
[26] 杨明皓，王瑞敏．农村电网网损分析系统．北京农业工程大学学报．1994，014(002)，P．84-90
[27] 于会萍，刘继东，程浩忠，陈章潮，马则良．电网规划方案的成本效益分析与评价研究．电网技术．2001，025(007)，P．32-35
[28] 丁毓山，杨勇．农村电网规划与改造．中国电力出版社．2001
[29] 李生虎．电力系统可靠性评估的算法和软件设计．合肥工业大学硕士论文．1999
[30] 黄伟，张建华，文俊，杨京燕．配电网络供电能力评估系统及方案设计．现代电力．2001
[31] 冯飞，余贻鑫，林济铿．电力网络拓扑与Ⅰ型相关不稳定平衡点的定量关系．电力系统及其自动化学报．1994
[32] 文福拴．配电系统线损的分析方法．华东电力．1995，000(012)，P．5-9
[33] 冯丽杰．农村变电站的布点及容量选择浅析．四川省自贡市电业局．1995
[34] Monticelli A. Electric power system state estimation. Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 88, No. 2, 2000
[35] Wadie, M.E.; Salama, M.M.a. new approach for power network clustering using a representative model. IEE proceedings. Part, Vol. 144 Issue: 3, 1997
[36] Billinton, R. ; Goel, L. overall adequacy assessment of an electric power system. IEE proceedings. Part C. Vol. 139 Issue: 1, 1992
[37] Yin Yonghua. development of the electric power network and energy resources in China Asian and Australian power. IEEE power Engineering Review. Vol. 16 Issue: 2, 1996
[38] Crousillat, E.O. ; Dorfner, P. conflicting objectives and risk in power system planning. IEEE Transactions on power systems. Vol. 8 Issue: 3, 1993
[39] 董张卓，孙启宏，杜宇，张世学．基于面向对象技术的实时电网拓扑表示．西安交通大学学报．Vol．29，No．3，1995，p．88-96
[40] 李卫东，宋家骅．网络拓扑结构校正提高电力系统安全水平综述．电力系统自动化．1998，022(003)，P．60-66
[41] 曾鼎刚．农网结构模式初探．农村电气化．1996，000(010)，P．21-21
[42] Mohamed Abd-El-Aal Abd-El-Reheim. power network topology recognition using neural networks. Electric Machines and power Systems. 1999, vol. 27, no. 2
[43] Kuang-Rong Shih; Shyh-Jier Huang. Application of a robust algorithm for dynamic state estimation of a powersystem. IEEE Transactions on power systems. 2002, vol. 17, no. 1
[44] Hiroshi Yamada; Li Yang; Kazuto Yukita; Yasuyuki Goto; Katsunori Mizuno; Katsuhiro Ichiyanagi; Yasuto Tabata; Isao Kohda. Estimation of power system transient stability by artificial neural networktaking account of energy functions. 2001, vol. 121-C, no. 2
[45] M. Moghewemi: S. S. Yang. Ann application techniques for power system stability estimation. Electric Machines and power systems. 2000, vol. 28, no. 2
[46] 胡敏美．输电系统的可靠性评估．南京工学院学报．Vol．22，No．4，1992，p．18-24
[47] 夏书杰．浅仪降低农网线损的几项措施．福建电力与电工．1998，018(004)，P．51-52
[48] 边晓燕．配电网可靠性研究．广东工业大学硕士论文．2002
[49] 王少东．计及电网结构改变的可靠性分析及其在綦南电网规划中的应用研究．重庆大学硕士论文．2001
[50] 郑龙熊文．电网结构参数管理系统．广东电力．2000，013(001)，P．23-25
[2] 萧国泉，徐绳均．电力规划．水利电力出版社，北京，1993，6，P．198-199
[3] 丁明，孙昕，胡昭明．大型电力系统可靠性评价体系(Ⅱ)算法．合肥工业大学学报．1998，021(006)，P．1-6
[4] 任震，谌军，黄雯莹，李本河．大型电力系统可靠性评估的模型及算法．电力系统自动化．1999，023(005)，P．25-27，34
[5] 韩富春，边丽江，刘亚新．电力系统规划可靠性评估研究．太原理工大学学报．2001，032(005)，P．469-471，481
[6] 别朝红，王锡凡．蒙特卡洛法在评估电力系统可靠性中的应用．电力系统自动化．1997，021(006)，P．68-75
[7] 丘文千．用最大最小负荷倍数评估电网供电能力．华东电力．1994，000(010)，P．29-30
[8] 刘继东，于会萍，程浩忠．输电网规划方案成本分析与评价软件开发．华北电力技术．2001，000(005，P．37-40
[9] 高洁，唐国庆．基于关联函数的电网规划优度评价法．系统工程理论方法应用．2000，009(004)，P．340-344
[10] 宋云亭，丁明，曹钢，裴锦．调峰电源的概率评价方法及其应用．中国电力．1999，032(011)，P．40-43
[11] 王锡凡，王秀丽．电力系统优化规划．水利电力出版社，北京，1995，6
[12] 王玉林．优化电源结构提高电网经济调度水平．华北电力技术．1997，000(012)，P．11-13
[13] 郝少林．加强农网技术改造提高电力综合效益．农村电气化．1998，000(006)，P．6-6
[14] 姜文立，许有方．谈电网合理结构及电源优化配置．电网技术．1998，022(011)，P．42-45
[15] 林秋映．农网改造要结合电网网络结构．广东水利水电．2003，No．1，p．67-68
[16] 韩旭东．在农网改造中降低网络损耗的技术及管理措施．农业机械化与电气化．2002，000(002)，P．35-36
[17] 王祝华．35kV电网结构的改造．矿山机械．2002，030(004)，P．60-61
[18] 黄武忠，孔德键，钟丹虹，吴捷．模糊综合评判在电网远期规划中的应用．供用电．2001，05
[19] 杨舒．地理信息系统在城市配电管理及分区负荷预测中的应用．武汉水利电力大学硕士论文．1995
[20] Huaiwei Liao; Dagmar Niebur. Load profile estimation in electric transmission networks using independentcomponent analysis. IEEE Transactions on power systems, vol. 18, 2003
[21] S. C. Tripathy; Amit Jain; R. Balasubramanian. Expert system application to topological observability of power systems. International Journal of Engineering Intelligent systems for ElectricalEngineering and Communications. vol. 11, 2003
[22] 沈根才．正确规划电网结构重视电网稳定性．电力系统自动化．2001，025(009)，P．38-41
[23] 郑美特．电网结构规划原则的研究．中国电力．1999，032(006)，P．9-12
[24] 段保林．谈县市级电网规划设计．农村电气化．1996，000(011)，P．21-21
[25] 沈根才．论电网结构．中国电力．1996，029(012)，P．3-8，71
[26] 杨明皓，王瑞敏．农村电网网损分析系统．北京农业工程大学学报．1994，014(002)，P．84-90
[27] 于会萍，刘继东，程浩忠，陈章潮，马则良．电网规划方案的成本效益分析与评价研究．电网技术．2001，025(007)，P．32-35
[28] 丁毓山，杨勇．农村电网规划与改造．中国电力出版社．2001
[29] 李生虎．电力系统可靠性评估的算法和软件设计．合肥工业大学硕士论文．1999
[30] 黄伟，张建华，文俊，杨京燕．配电网络供电能力评估系统及方案设计．现代电力．2001
[31] 冯飞，余贻鑫，林济铿．电力网络拓扑与Ⅰ型相关不稳定平衡点的定量关系．电力系统及其自动化学报．1994
[32] 文福拴．配电系统线损的分析方法．华东电力．1995，000(012)，P．5-9
[33] 冯丽杰．农村变电站的布点及容量选择浅析．四川省自贡市电业局．1995
[34] Monticelli A. Electric power system state estimation. Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 88, No. 2, 2000
[35] Wadie, M.E.; Salama, M.M.a. new approach for power network clustering using a representative model. IEE proceedings. Part, Vol. 144 Issue: 3, 1997
[36] Billinton, R. ; Goel, L. overall adequacy assessment of an electric power system. IEE proceedings. Part C. Vol. 139 Issue: 1, 1992
[37] Yin Yonghua. development of the electric power network and energy resources in China Asian and Australian power. IEEE power Engineering Review. Vol. 16 Issue: 2, 1996
[38] Crousillat, E.O. ; Dorfner, P. conflicting objectives and risk in power system planning. IEEE Transactions on power systems. Vol. 8 Issue: 3, 1993
[39] 董张卓，孙启宏，杜宇，张世学．基于面向对象技术的实时电网拓扑表示．西安交通大学学报．Vol．29，No．3，1995，p．88-96
[40] 李卫东，宋家骅．网络拓扑结构校正提高电力系统安全水平综述．电力系统自动化．1998，022(003)，P．60-66
[41] 曾鼎刚．农网结构模式初探．农村电气化．1996，000(010)，P．21-21
[42] Mohamed Abd-El-Aal Abd-El-Reheim. power network topology recognition using neural networks. Electric Machines and power Systems. 1999, vol. 27, no. 2
[43] Kuang-Rong Shih; Shyh-Jier Huang. Application of a robust algorithm for dynamic state estimation of a powersystem. IEEE Transactions on power systems. 2002, vol. 17, no. 1
[44] Hiroshi Yamada; Li Yang; Kazuto Yukita; Yasuyuki Goto; Katsunori Mizuno; Katsuhiro Ichiyanagi; Yasuto Tabata; Isao Kohda. Estimation of power system transient stability by artificial neural networktaking account of energy functions. 2001, vol. 121-C, no. 2
[45] M. Moghewemi: S. S. Yang. Ann application techniques for power system stability estimation. Electric Machines and power systems. 2000, vol. 28, no. 2
[46] 胡敏美．输电系统的可靠性评估．南京工学院学报．Vol．22，No．4，1992，p．18-24
[47] 夏书杰．浅仪降低农网线损的几项措施．福建电力与电工．1998，018(004)，P．51-52
[48] 边晓燕．配电网可靠性研究．广东工业大学硕士论文．2002
[49] 王少东．计及电网结构改变的可靠性分析及其在綦南电网规划中的应用研究．重庆大学硕士论文．2001
[50] 郑龙熊文．电网结构参数管理系统．广东电力．2000，013(001)，P．23-25