攀钢LF炉控制技术的研究
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摘要
攀钢炼钢厂全连铸工程是攀钢为提高连铸比、提高质量、降低能耗、适应国际国内市场要求而投资新建的。它包括大方坯连铸机、2#板坯连铸机，LF炉和RH真空处理。LF炉的作用是为方坯连铸机和RH处理设备提供温度和成份均合格的钢水。作者是该工程基础自动化项目的第一负责人。
本文在介绍了攀钢LF炉生产工艺及主要生产设备机械电气特性的基础上，详细分析了控制系统要实现的功能，对在控制系统设计中如何充分利用现代控制技术、网络技术、现场总线技术、计算机技术、传动技术、智能仪表，使LF炉的控制系统达到国际先进水平进行了较深入的研究。在此基础上，提出了基于工业高速以太网、现场总线、可编程逻辑控制器、通用工业PC的系统结构方案。分析了LF炉的关键要素——温度控制和成份调节，对电极控制系统、合金加料系统及操作监控系统等主要控制系统功能进行了详细设计。在设计过程中根据生产和设备要求，充分考虑了成本、维护、可靠性和先进性等诸多因素。
攀钢炼钢厂LF炉工程的建设将降低生产和维护成本，减轻生产及维护工人的劳动强度，并为生产工艺的进一步改进提供方便，具有很好的经济和社会效益。
In order to raise continuous casting ratio, improve product quality, decrease power consumption, fit in with the changing needs of the internal and external markets, PANGANG Iron and Steel (group) CO. decided to invest a fall continuous casting construction project. This project includes one billet continuous casting machine , one 2# slab continue casting machines, two LHs (ladle furnaces), one RH vacuum. The function of LH is to provide molten steel qualified both in temperature and composition for continuous casting and the RH processing. The writer of this thesis is the chief engineer of this project.
The process of LH and the electro-mechanic characteristics of the main production devices are described first. Then the control requirements of the process are analyzed in detail. The thesis gives deep studies on how to use modern control technologies, computer network technologies, field bus technologies, electrical drive technologies, etc. in the control system design in order to make the LH control system come up to the advanced world level. A n LH control system structure, based on high speed Ethernet, field bus, programmable logic controllers and general purpose PCs, is proposed. After analyses of the key control elements-temperature and composition, the thesis gives detailed design of the main system control functionalities: electrode control system, alloy material adding control system and operation monitoring system. Multiple factors, such as Cost, maintenance, reliability and advanced levels, are always keeping in mind during the process of the control system design.
The constructing of LF in PANGANG Cooperation will decrease the cost of steel production and equipment maintenance, reduce the labor of workers, and provide convenience for future improvements for steelmaking. The great economic profits and social effectiveness will be achieved after the system goes into operation.
本文在介绍了攀钢LF炉生产工艺及主要生产设备机械电气特性的基础上，详细分析了控制系统要实现的功能，对在控制系统设计中如何充分利用现代控制技术、网络技术、现场总线技术、计算机技术、传动技术、智能仪表，使LF炉的控制系统达到国际先进水平进行了较深入的研究。在此基础上，提出了基于工业高速以太网、现场总线、可编程逻辑控制器、通用工业PC的系统结构方案。分析了LF炉的关键要素——温度控制和成份调节，对电极控制系统、合金加料系统及操作监控系统等主要控制系统功能进行了详细设计。在设计过程中根据生产和设备要求，充分考虑了成本、维护、可靠性和先进性等诸多因素。
攀钢炼钢厂LF炉工程的建设将降低生产和维护成本，减轻生产及维护工人的劳动强度，并为生产工艺的进一步改进提供方便，具有很好的经济和社会效益。
In order to raise continuous casting ratio, improve product quality, decrease power consumption, fit in with the changing needs of the internal and external markets, PANGANG Iron and Steel (group) CO. decided to invest a fall continuous casting construction project. This project includes one billet continuous casting machine , one 2# slab continue casting machines, two LHs (ladle furnaces), one RH vacuum. The function of LH is to provide molten steel qualified both in temperature and composition for continuous casting and the RH processing. The writer of this thesis is the chief engineer of this project.
The process of LH and the electro-mechanic characteristics of the main production devices are described first. Then the control requirements of the process are analyzed in detail. The thesis gives deep studies on how to use modern control technologies, computer network technologies, field bus technologies, electrical drive technologies, etc. in the control system design in order to make the LH control system come up to the advanced world level. A n LH control system structure, based on high speed Ethernet, field bus, programmable logic controllers and general purpose PCs, is proposed. After analyses of the key control elements-temperature and composition, the thesis gives detailed design of the main system control functionalities: electrode control system, alloy material adding control system and operation monitoring system. Multiple factors, such as Cost, maintenance, reliability and advanced levels, are always keeping in mind during the process of the control system design.
The constructing of LF in PANGANG Cooperation will decrease the cost of steel production and equipment maintenance, reduce the labor of workers, and provide convenience for future improvements for steelmaking. The great economic profits and social effectiveness will be achieved after the system goes into operation.
引文
[1] 第三届全国冶金、电力、石油和化工行业自动化技术交流会会刊: 国家化工行业生产力促进中心 2001.5
[2] 黄道鑫主编：《提钒炼钢》: 冶金工业出版社 1993.8
[3] 戴汝为.看中国自动控制发展的前景 《冶金自动化》1999.3
[4] 郑应平.从IFAC'96世界大会看自动控制发展的若干动向 《自动化学报》1997.5
[5] 何衍庆编著 《集散控制系统原理及应用》（修订版）化学工业出版社 1999.5
[6] 薛兴昌.冶金自动化工程开发设计规范概述 《冶金自动化》1999.2
[7] 刘鲁等 GDSS系统的设计和一种实现 《自动化学报》1997.1
[8] 于常友.工业自动化技术的特点及工业自动化的重要性 《冶金自动化》 1999.2
[9] 计算机网络（第三版） 重大研究生院 2001
[10] 佟纯厚主编 《近代交流调速》冶金工业出版社
[11] W.莱昂哈特著《电气传动控制》科学出版社
[12] 俞金寿等《新型控制系统》 中国自动化学会计分表与装置专业委员会 1989年3月
[13] 小牛.《基于现场的结构和现场总线带来的先进诊断功能和现场控制(转载)》 中国工控网
[14] 小牛《正在进入控制领域的工业以太网(转载)》 中国工控网
[15] PROFIBUS DIN 19245 Part1 and Part2: PROFIBUS User Organization 1996.7
[16] PROFIBUS DIN E 19245 Part4: PROFIBUS User Organization 1996.7
[17] Test specification for PROFIBUS-DP Slaves: PROFIBUS User Organization 1996.7
[18] Prof. Bender, PROFIBUS -Fieldbus for Automation: PROFIBUS User Organization 1996.7
[19] Technical Brochure PROFIBUS: PROFIBUS User Organization 1996.7
[20] S7-400 and M7-400 Module Specification Reference Manual: SIEMENS 1997.3
[21] Communication with SIMATIC: SIEMENS 1997.3
[22] Industrial Communication Networks NCM S7 for industrial Ethernet: SIEMENS 1996.8
[23] Industrial Communication S7 Programming Interface Description: SIEMENS 1995.9
[24] Industrial Communication Networks SEND/RECEIVE Programming Interface
Manual: SIEMENS 1996.8
[25] STEP7 User Manual: SIEMENS 1996.8
[26] TECHNICAL SPECFICATION: SMS-MEVAC 2000.9.15
[27] DOCUMENT FOR BASIC DESIGN: SMS-MEVAC 2002.5.18
[28] DETAIL DESIGN FOR ELECTRODE CONTROL PANEL: ET 2002.8.15
[29] Functional description: SMS-MEVAC 2002.7.25
[2] 黄道鑫主编：《提钒炼钢》: 冶金工业出版社 1993.8
[3] 戴汝为.看中国自动控制发展的前景 《冶金自动化》1999.3
[4] 郑应平.从IFAC'96世界大会看自动控制发展的若干动向 《自动化学报》1997.5
[5] 何衍庆编著 《集散控制系统原理及应用》（修订版）化学工业出版社 1999.5
[6] 薛兴昌.冶金自动化工程开发设计规范概述 《冶金自动化》1999.2
[7] 刘鲁等 GDSS系统的设计和一种实现 《自动化学报》1997.1
[8] 于常友.工业自动化技术的特点及工业自动化的重要性 《冶金自动化》 1999.2
[9] 计算机网络（第三版） 重大研究生院 2001
[10] 佟纯厚主编 《近代交流调速》冶金工业出版社
[11] W.莱昂哈特著《电气传动控制》科学出版社
[12] 俞金寿等《新型控制系统》 中国自动化学会计分表与装置专业委员会 1989年3月
[13] 小牛.《基于现场的结构和现场总线带来的先进诊断功能和现场控制(转载)》 中国工控网
[14] 小牛《正在进入控制领域的工业以太网(转载)》 中国工控网
[15] PROFIBUS DIN 19245 Part1 and Part2: PROFIBUS User Organization 1996.7
[16] PROFIBUS DIN E 19245 Part4: PROFIBUS User Organization 1996.7
[17] Test specification for PROFIBUS-DP Slaves: PROFIBUS User Organization 1996.7
[18] Prof. Bender, PROFIBUS -Fieldbus for Automation: PROFIBUS User Organization 1996.7
[19] Technical Brochure PROFIBUS: PROFIBUS User Organization 1996.7
[20] S7-400 and M7-400 Module Specification Reference Manual: SIEMENS 1997.3
[21] Communication with SIMATIC: SIEMENS 1997.3
[22] Industrial Communication Networks NCM S7 for industrial Ethernet: SIEMENS 1996.8
[23] Industrial Communication S7 Programming Interface Description: SIEMENS 1995.9
[24] Industrial Communication Networks SEND/RECEIVE Programming Interface
Manual: SIEMENS 1996.8
[25] STEP7 User Manual: SIEMENS 1996.8
[26] TECHNICAL SPECFICATION: SMS-MEVAC 2000.9.15
[27] DOCUMENT FOR BASIC DESIGN: SMS-MEVAC 2002.5.18
[28] DETAIL DESIGN FOR ELECTRODE CONTROL PANEL: ET 2002.8.15
[29] Functional description: SMS-MEVAC 2002.7.25