稻草汽爆浆用于植物生长基质的性能研究
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摘要
本文以稻草汽爆浆为实验材料,研究汽爆稻草的成分和结构特征对其用于栽培基质的影响。主要研究结果如下:
1.汽爆后的稻草,半纤维素含量降低明显,木质素和灰分含量变动不大, C/N和pH值降低,但电导率值过高,汽爆稻草含有丰富营养物质,无重金属污染。
2.汽爆处理可以改善秸秆的物理性状,粉碎处理可增加汽爆浆的容重和总孔隙度,但也降低了通气孔隙和大小孔隙比。用汽爆浆改良砂土,混合基质的容重、孔隙、持水量均与汽爆浆含量呈显著线性相关。
3.通过研究稻草汽爆浆溶出物对小白菜发芽影响,溶出物对提高小白菜的发芽势和发芽率有积极影响。在适宜的浓度条件下,小白菜鲜重和干重均有增加,溶出物对改善小白菜根冠比也有积极影响。
4.对稻草汽爆浆水浸出液做离子分析,检测出K~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)和NH_4~+阳离子,其中K~+含量最高,NH_4~+的含量最低。粉碎和打浆处理有利于无机盐的溶出。添加营养液后,增加的Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)会使K~+、NH_4~+的吸附率变低。Ca~(2+)比Mg~(2+)的吸附力更强,Ca~(2+)甚至可以取代部分原来吸附Mg~(2+)的点位。汽爆浆对阴离子的吸附并不牢固,浆液中带负电荷的可溶性有机物会降低阴离子的吸附量。
With steam-exploded rice straw used as materials, the effect of composition and structure properties as growing substrate is investigated. The main results are listed as follows.
1. By the treatment of steam-explosion, the content of hemicellulose in rice straw decreased greatly. The content of lignin and ash changed little. C/N ratios and pH value got lower, but EC value was higher. Steam explosion pulp was abundant in nutrient elements and without heavy metal pollutants.
2. The physical properties of rice straw changed significantly after steam explosion treatment. With milling treatment bulk density and total porosity improved, but airspace and ratio of large and small pores decreased. Through utilizing steam-exploded rice straw to amend sandy soil, the bulk density, porosity and water holding capacity showed a good linear relationship with the content of steam-exploded rice straw.
3. Bok choy (Brassica chinensis) was used to investigate the effects of the dissolved substrate of steam-exploded rice straw on seeds germination. A positive effect can be observed on promoting germination potential and germination rate. The total fresh and dry weight increase under suitable concentration. The releasing substance from steam-exploded rice straw is also beneficial to vegetable root/stem.
4. According to the ion analysis of dissolved substance from steam-exploded rice straw, K~+, Ca~(2+), Mg~(2+) and NH_4~+ were detected, in which K+ was the highest, and NH_4~+ was the lowest. Milling and refining had a positive effect on mineral substances releasing. Nutrient liquid being added, the increase of Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+) lowers the adsorption efficiency of K~+ and NH_4~+. The adsorption ability of Ca~(2+) was stronger than Mg~(2+), and even part of the adsorption point of Mg~(2+) is replaced by Ca~(2+). The anions adsorption of steam-exploded pulp is not stable. The dissolved organic matter with negative charge decreases the quantity of anions adsorption.
1.汽爆后的稻草,半纤维素含量降低明显,木质素和灰分含量变动不大, C/N和pH值降低,但电导率值过高,汽爆稻草含有丰富营养物质,无重金属污染。
2.汽爆处理可以改善秸秆的物理性状,粉碎处理可增加汽爆浆的容重和总孔隙度,但也降低了通气孔隙和大小孔隙比。用汽爆浆改良砂土,混合基质的容重、孔隙、持水量均与汽爆浆含量呈显著线性相关。
3.通过研究稻草汽爆浆溶出物对小白菜发芽影响,溶出物对提高小白菜的发芽势和发芽率有积极影响。在适宜的浓度条件下,小白菜鲜重和干重均有增加,溶出物对改善小白菜根冠比也有积极影响。
4.对稻草汽爆浆水浸出液做离子分析,检测出K~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)和NH_4~+阳离子,其中K~+含量最高,NH_4~+的含量最低。粉碎和打浆处理有利于无机盐的溶出。添加营养液后,增加的Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)会使K~+、NH_4~+的吸附率变低。Ca~(2+)比Mg~(2+)的吸附力更强,Ca~(2+)甚至可以取代部分原来吸附Mg~(2+)的点位。汽爆浆对阴离子的吸附并不牢固,浆液中带负电荷的可溶性有机物会降低阴离子的吸附量。
With steam-exploded rice straw used as materials, the effect of composition and structure properties as growing substrate is investigated. The main results are listed as follows.
1. By the treatment of steam-explosion, the content of hemicellulose in rice straw decreased greatly. The content of lignin and ash changed little. C/N ratios and pH value got lower, but EC value was higher. Steam explosion pulp was abundant in nutrient elements and without heavy metal pollutants.
2. The physical properties of rice straw changed significantly after steam explosion treatment. With milling treatment bulk density and total porosity improved, but airspace and ratio of large and small pores decreased. Through utilizing steam-exploded rice straw to amend sandy soil, the bulk density, porosity and water holding capacity showed a good linear relationship with the content of steam-exploded rice straw.
3. Bok choy (Brassica chinensis) was used to investigate the effects of the dissolved substrate of steam-exploded rice straw on seeds germination. A positive effect can be observed on promoting germination potential and germination rate. The total fresh and dry weight increase under suitable concentration. The releasing substance from steam-exploded rice straw is also beneficial to vegetable root/stem.
4. According to the ion analysis of dissolved substance from steam-exploded rice straw, K~+, Ca~(2+), Mg~(2+) and NH_4~+ were detected, in which K+ was the highest, and NH_4~+ was the lowest. Milling and refining had a positive effect on mineral substances releasing. Nutrient liquid being added, the increase of Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+) lowers the adsorption efficiency of K~+ and NH_4~+. The adsorption ability of Ca~(2+) was stronger than Mg~(2+), and even part of the adsorption point of Mg~(2+) is replaced by Ca~(2+). The anions adsorption of steam-exploded pulp is not stable. The dissolved organic matter with negative charge decreases the quantity of anions adsorption.
引文
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[2]李谦盛,郭世荣,等.利用工农业有机废弃物生产优质无土栽培基质[J].自然资源学报, 2002,17(4):515-518.
[3] Noguera P, Abad M, Noguera V, et al. Coconut coir dust waste, a new and viable ecologically-friendly peat substitute [J]. Acta Hort, 2000, 517: 279-286.
[4] Cattivello C. Behavior of composted chestnut bark substrates in cyclamen cultivation [J]. Italus Hortus,1995,2(5-6):63-67.
[5] Woodard M A, Bearce B C, Cluskey S,Townsend E. Coal bottom ash and pine wood peelings as root substrates in a circulating nutriculture system [J]. Hort Science, 1993, 28(6):636-638.
[6] Cheng B T. Sawdust as a greenhouse growing medium [J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition,1987,10:1437-1446.
[7]籍秀梅,孙治强.锯末基质发酵腐熟的理化性质及对辣椒幼苗生长发育的影响[J].河南农业大学学报, 2001, 35(1): 66-69.
[8]刘士哲,连兆煌.蔗渣作蔬菜工厂化育苗基质的生物处理与施肥措施研究[J].华南农业大学学报, 1994, 15(3): 1-7.
[9]郭世荣.有机苇末基质的研发、产业化及其配套栽培技术的研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2000.
[10]高新昊.农作物秸秆资源化利用及日光温室番茄长季节栽培肥水管理技术[D] .南京:南京农业大学,2006,6.
[11] Miehael,Raviv. Horticulture Use of Composted Material[J]. ActaHort,1998,469:225-233.
[12]孙敏.固形有机基质理化特性及其与营养液相互作用[D].东北农业大学,2003,6.
[13]郭世荣.固体栽培基质研究、开发现状及发展趋势[J].农业工程学报,2005,21:1-4.
[14]刘伟,余宏军,蒋卫杰.我国蔬菜无土栽培基质研究与应用进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2006,14(3):4-7.
[15]汪海波,秦元萍,余康.我国农作物秸秆资源的分布、利用与开发策略[J].国土与自然资源研究,2008,02:92-93.
[16]王激清,张宝英.我国作物秸秆综合利用现状及问题分析[J].江西农业学报,2008, 20(8): 126-128.
[17]江永红,宇振荣,马永良.秸秆还田对农田生态系统及作物生长的影响[J].土壤通报, 2001,32(10):209-212.
[18]杨淑惠.植物纤维化学[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社, 2001.
[19]蒋挺大.木质素[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2001.
[20]洪树楠,刘明华,范娟,等.木质素吸附剂研究现状及进展[J].造纸科学与技术,2004, 23(2): 38-43.
[21] R.J.A. Gosselink, M.H.B. Snijder, A. Kranenbarg, et al. Characterisation and application ofNova Fiber lignin[J]. Industrial Crops and Products, 2004, 20: 191-203.
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