三维正交机织复合材料弹道冲击破坏：实验研究和有限元计算
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摘要
弹道侵彻破坏是结构防护工程领域的重要研究内容。由高强度、高模量、高韧性纤维制成的织物及其复合材料具有优良的抗冲击能力和较轻的重量,可广泛应用于飞行器、船舶、汽车、建筑等防护工程领域。
三维正交机织复合材料是一种典型的三维纺织结构复合材料,经向和纬向的纱束在平面内呈90°交织或排列,以提供复合材料的面内刚度和强度;厚度方向上由于引入Z向捆绑纱,维持材料的结构稳定性,大幅度提高复合材料断裂韧性和层间剪切强度,同时使三维机织复合材料具有极高的冲击损伤容限。
本论文的主要工作是:(1)用玻璃纤维、对位芳族聚酰胺纤维(p-phenyleneterephthalamide,PPTA)织造三维正交机织物;借助真空辅助树脂转移成型技术(vacuum assisted resin transfer molding,VARTM)制造三维正交织物/不饱和聚酯复合材料;(2)测试复合材料弹道侵彻性质,在给定入射速度下得到弹体剩余速度,绘制弹体入射速度和剩余速度曲线,同时观测复合材料冲击破坏形态;(3)基于复合材料单胞刚度矩阵和临界失效面积破坏准则,编写定义复合材料属性的用户子程序,联合商用有限元软件包计算复合材料弹道侵彻破坏。比较实验和有限元计算结果,发现两者在对弹体动能的吸收以及复合材料靶板的破坏形态有较好的一致性。
本文研究为三维正交机织复合材料在弹道防护中的应用提供了一种设计方法,所得实验结论和相应计算方法可以指导高性能防护装甲设计。
Ballistic damage is an important topic in impact protection engineering.High performance fibers,which.have high modulus,high strength and high toughness,have been widely used in manufacturing fabrics and composites for ballistic protection. These composites have higher impact.damage resistance and light weight,and have great potential in applications to aircrafts,vehicles,ships and civil engineering.
Three-dimensional(3-D) orthogonal woven composite is a typical 3-D textile structural composite with the highest in-plane tension modulus and strength.In 3-D orthogonal woven fabric,the warp and weft yarns are interlaced in the form of mutual vertically in the in-plane direction.They provide high in-plane stiffness and strength. The binder yarns which across thickness direction provide structure stability of the fabric.Such integral structure imparts higher fracture toughness and inter-laminar shear strength compared with other 3-D textile composites.Furthermore,the 3-D structure leads to high impact damage tolerance.
The main researches conducted are as follows:
(1) To weave 3-D orthogonal woven fabrics with glass fiber tows and p-phenylene terephthalamide(PPTA) fiber tows.The 3-D orthogonal woven composites were manufactured with vacuum assisted resin transfer molding(VARTM) technique.The unsaturated polythylene terephthalate(PET) resin was used in composite forming.(2)The ballistic penetration tests had been conducted to obtain,the residual velocities of rigid projectiles.The strike velocity vs.residual velocity curves were calculated for analyzing the energy absorptions.The impact damage morphologies were photographed to reveal the impact damage mechanisms.(3) Based on unit-cell model of the 3-D woven composites and critical damage area(CDA) criteria,a user-defined materials subroutines were compiled to calculate the impact damage evolution on a commercial available finite element software package.These are good agreements between experimental observation and FEM calculation.
The results provide the design methodology of the 3-D woven composite in ballistic protection.With the scheme,the high performance ballistic armor could be design effectively.
三维正交机织复合材料是一种典型的三维纺织结构复合材料,经向和纬向的纱束在平面内呈90°交织或排列,以提供复合材料的面内刚度和强度;厚度方向上由于引入Z向捆绑纱,维持材料的结构稳定性,大幅度提高复合材料断裂韧性和层间剪切强度,同时使三维机织复合材料具有极高的冲击损伤容限。
本论文的主要工作是:(1)用玻璃纤维、对位芳族聚酰胺纤维(p-phenyleneterephthalamide,PPTA)织造三维正交机织物;借助真空辅助树脂转移成型技术(vacuum assisted resin transfer molding,VARTM)制造三维正交织物/不饱和聚酯复合材料;(2)测试复合材料弹道侵彻性质,在给定入射速度下得到弹体剩余速度,绘制弹体入射速度和剩余速度曲线,同时观测复合材料冲击破坏形态;(3)基于复合材料单胞刚度矩阵和临界失效面积破坏准则,编写定义复合材料属性的用户子程序,联合商用有限元软件包计算复合材料弹道侵彻破坏。比较实验和有限元计算结果,发现两者在对弹体动能的吸收以及复合材料靶板的破坏形态有较好的一致性。
本文研究为三维正交机织复合材料在弹道防护中的应用提供了一种设计方法,所得实验结论和相应计算方法可以指导高性能防护装甲设计。
Ballistic damage is an important topic in impact protection engineering.High performance fibers,which.have high modulus,high strength and high toughness,have been widely used in manufacturing fabrics and composites for ballistic protection. These composites have higher impact.damage resistance and light weight,and have great potential in applications to aircrafts,vehicles,ships and civil engineering.
Three-dimensional(3-D) orthogonal woven composite is a typical 3-D textile structural composite with the highest in-plane tension modulus and strength.In 3-D orthogonal woven fabric,the warp and weft yarns are interlaced in the form of mutual vertically in the in-plane direction.They provide high in-plane stiffness and strength. The binder yarns which across thickness direction provide structure stability of the fabric.Such integral structure imparts higher fracture toughness and inter-laminar shear strength compared with other 3-D textile composites.Furthermore,the 3-D structure leads to high impact damage tolerance.
The main researches conducted are as follows:
(1) To weave 3-D orthogonal woven fabrics with glass fiber tows and p-phenylene terephthalamide(PPTA) fiber tows.The 3-D orthogonal woven composites were manufactured with vacuum assisted resin transfer molding(VARTM) technique.The unsaturated polythylene terephthalate(PET) resin was used in composite forming.(2)The ballistic penetration tests had been conducted to obtain,the residual velocities of rigid projectiles.The strike velocity vs.residual velocity curves were calculated for analyzing the energy absorptions.The impact damage morphologies were photographed to reveal the impact damage mechanisms.(3) Based on unit-cell model of the 3-D woven composites and critical damage area(CDA) criteria,a user-defined materials subroutines were compiled to calculate the impact damage evolution on a commercial available finite element software package.These are good agreements between experimental observation and FEM calculation.
The results provide the design methodology of the 3-D woven composite in ballistic protection.With the scheme,the high performance ballistic armor could be design effectively.
引文
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[2]杨彩云,李嘉禄,陈利,张国利.树脂基三维机织复合材料结构与力学性能的关系研究[J].航空材料学报.2006,26(5):51-55.
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[4]Cantwell WJ,Morton J.Comparison of the Low and high velocity impact response of CFRP[J].Composites.1989,20(6):545-551.
[5]Zhu G,Goldsmith W.Penetration of laminated Kevlar by projectiles-I experimental investigation [J].International Journal of Solids Structure.1992,29(4):399-420.
[6]Lee SWR,Sun CT.Dynamic penetration of graphite/epoxy laminates impacted by a blunt-ended projectile[J].Composite Science and Technology.1993,49(4):369-380.
[7]Goldsmith W,Daharan CKH,Chang H.Quasi- static and ballistic perforation of carbon fiber laminates[J].International Journal of Solids Structure.1995,32(1):89-103.
[8]Walsh TF,Lee BL.Penetration failure of spectra polyethylene fiber-reinforced ballistic grade composites[J].Key Engineering Materials.1998,141-143;367-382.
[9]金子明,沈峰.纤维增强复合材料抗弹性能研究[J].纤维复合材料.1999,16(3):5-9.
Jin Ziming,Shen Feng.Ballistic resistance of fiber-reinforced composites[J].Fiber Composites.1999,16(3):5-9.(in Chinese)
[10]李永池,陈居伟.纤维增强复合靶抗贯穿规律研究[J].弹道学报.2000,12(2):15-21.
[11]王善元,张汝光等.纤维增强复合材料[M].上海:中国纺织大学出版社,1998.
[12]Cholakara MT,Jang BZ,Wang,CZ.Deformation and failure mechanisms in 3D composites.In:Ko F edited,Proceedings of the 34~(th) international SAMPE Symposium,Nevada,1989-05-08-11:2153-2160.
[13]Hearle JWS,Du GW.Forming rigid fibre assemblies:the interaction of textile technology and composites engineering[J].Journal of the Textile Institute.1990,81(4):360-383.
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[15]Ko F,Du GW.Processing of textile preforms.In:Gutowski T G edited,Advanced Composites Manufacturing.New York:John Wiley& Sons.Inc.1997,187-189.
[16]Greenwood K,Zhao L,Porat I.Stress-orientated woven preforms for composites[J].Journal of the Textile Institute.1993,84(2):255-266.
[17]Kemp GP,Bannister MK,Herazberg I,et al.The manufacture and testing of 3D multilayer woven I-beams.In:Scott M L edited,Proceedings of ICCM-11(vol.5),Gold Coast,1997-07-14-18:287-296.
[18]董孚允,王春,董敏.三维纺织复合材料的发展和应用[J].纤维复合材料.2001,3:37-40
[19]Hu JL,Jiang YM.Modeling formability of multiaxial warp kintted fabrics on a hemisphere[J].Composites Part A-Applied Science and Manufacturing.2002,33(5):725-734.
[20]王震鸣编著.复合材料力学与复合材料结构力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1991.
[21]罗祖道,王震鸣主编.复合材料力学进展[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1992.
[22]赖文娜.三次元多层互锁I型织物复合材料之弯曲破坏过程[D].逢甲大学纺织工程学系三十一届毕业论文专集,台湾:逢甲大学,1998,553-560.
[23]Tan P,Tong LY,Steven GP,et al.Behavior of 3D orthogonal woven CFRP composites.Part Ⅰ.Experimental investigation[J].Composites Part A-Applied science and manufacturing.2000,31(3):259-271.
[24]Huang G,Zhong ZL.Tensile behavior of 3D woven composites by using different fabric structures[J].Materials & Design.2002,23(7):671-674.
[25]Cox BN,Dadkhah MS,Morris WL,et al.Failure mechanisms of 3D woven composites in tension,compression,and bending[J].Acta Metallurgica Et Materialia.1994,42(12):3967-3984.
[26]Tanzawa Y,Watanabe N,Ishikawa T.Interlaminar de-lamination toughness and strength of 3D orthogonal interlocked fabric composite.In:Scott M L edited,Proceedings of ICCM-11(vol.5),Gold Coast,1997-07-14-18:47- 57.
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