压电纤维及其水泥基复合材料的制备与性能研究
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摘要
相比单相压电陶瓷,水泥基压电复合材料的压电电压常数大幅提高,制作成的传感器的声阻抗能够调整到与混凝土结构相匹配,这有利于拓宽传感器的使用频率,提高传感器的灵敏度和分辨率。此外,此类复合材料还可以用来制作压电发电装置用来大规模集能发电,是近年来研究的一个热点。但是,目前国内对水泥基压电复合材料传感器的应用研究还不是很多,对以利用压电材料进行大规模集能发电为目的研究更是少见。基于此,本文以土木工程为背景,重点对水泥基压电复合材料的制备工艺进行了研究,并分析了其性能,具体的研究内容如下:
(1)采用塑性聚合物法制备了PZT-51压电纤维,研究了烧成制度和泥料中的有机物含量对PZT-51压电纤维结构和性能的影响,研究结果表明,最佳烧成温度为1290oC,保温时间为0.5h,最佳泥料配方为PZT-51:PVA粘结剂:丙三醇的质量比为30:3:1,PVA粘结剂的浓度为8%。
(2)采用溶胶-粉末法制备了PZT-51压电纤维,研究了PZT溶胶与PZT-51预烧粉的摩尔比、PZT溶胶中的加酸量和加水量、纤维直径等对纤维性能的影响;并与塑性聚合物发制备压电纤维的方法做了对比。
(3)制备了0-3型水泥基压电复合材料,研究了PZT-51陶瓷颗粒粒度、颗粒级配、颗粒形状等对0-3型水泥基压电复合材料压电性、介电性和机电耦合性能的影响。
(4)制备了1-3型水泥基压电复合材料,研究了PZT-51压电纤维体积含量对1-3型水泥基复合材料压电性、介电性及机电耦合性能的影响。
(5)提出了0-3-1型水泥基压电复合材料的概念并制备0-3-1型水泥基压电复合材料,对比了其与0-3型水泥基压电复合材料性能的差别。
The cement-based piezoelectric composites have a much higher piezoelectric voltage constant compared with single-phase piezoelectric ceramics, it makes the cement-based piezoelectric composites sensors more compatible with concrete structure. Then the using frequency is expanded, the sensitivity and resolution are improved. In addition, this kind of piezoelectric composites can be used to make piezoelectric generator for acquiring the ambient vibrating energy, the research on the piezoelectric generator is a hot spot in recent years. However, research on the piezoelectric sensors based cement-based piezoelectric composites is rarely reported. And the study on large-scale power generation using piezoelectric materials is almost blank in domestic. In the view of these facts, the properties of the cement-based piezoelectric composites against the background of civil engineering are investigated in this dissertation, the main research contents are summarized as follows:
(1) The PZT-51 ceramic fibers were prepared by the method of viscous polymer processing (VPP). The influence of organism in the clay and sintering condition on the properties of PZT fibers were investigated. The results show that the best sintering condition was holding 0.5h at 1290oC, the optimized composites of the clay was 30:3:1 (PZT-51: PVA binder: glycerin, wt%).
(2) The green bodies of PZT-51 ceramic fibers were fabricated by extrusion of PZT-51 powder and PZT sol mixture. The amount of acetic acid and water in sol were investigated, and then the method is compared with VPP.
(3) 0-3 cement-based piezoelectric composites were fabricated. The effects of the particles size, grain composition and particle shape on the piezoelectric properties, the dielectric properties and electromechanical coupling properties of 0-3 cement-based piezoelectric composites were investigated.
(4) 1-3 cement-based piezoelectric composites were fabricated. The effects of the volume content of the PZT-51 piezoelectric fiber on the piezoelectric properties, the dielectric properties and electromechanical coupling properties of 1-3 cement-based piezoelectric composites were investigated.
(5) The concept of 0-3-1 cement-based piezoelectric composite was put forward, and the 0-3-1 cement-based piezoelectric composites were prepared. The properties of 0-3-1 cement-based piezoelectric composites were compared with 0-3 cement-based piezoelectric composites.
(1)采用塑性聚合物法制备了PZT-51压电纤维,研究了烧成制度和泥料中的有机物含量对PZT-51压电纤维结构和性能的影响,研究结果表明,最佳烧成温度为1290oC,保温时间为0.5h,最佳泥料配方为PZT-51:PVA粘结剂:丙三醇的质量比为30:3:1,PVA粘结剂的浓度为8%。
(2)采用溶胶-粉末法制备了PZT-51压电纤维,研究了PZT溶胶与PZT-51预烧粉的摩尔比、PZT溶胶中的加酸量和加水量、纤维直径等对纤维性能的影响;并与塑性聚合物发制备压电纤维的方法做了对比。
(3)制备了0-3型水泥基压电复合材料,研究了PZT-51陶瓷颗粒粒度、颗粒级配、颗粒形状等对0-3型水泥基压电复合材料压电性、介电性和机电耦合性能的影响。
(4)制备了1-3型水泥基压电复合材料,研究了PZT-51压电纤维体积含量对1-3型水泥基复合材料压电性、介电性及机电耦合性能的影响。
(5)提出了0-3-1型水泥基压电复合材料的概念并制备0-3-1型水泥基压电复合材料,对比了其与0-3型水泥基压电复合材料性能的差别。
The cement-based piezoelectric composites have a much higher piezoelectric voltage constant compared with single-phase piezoelectric ceramics, it makes the cement-based piezoelectric composites sensors more compatible with concrete structure. Then the using frequency is expanded, the sensitivity and resolution are improved. In addition, this kind of piezoelectric composites can be used to make piezoelectric generator for acquiring the ambient vibrating energy, the research on the piezoelectric generator is a hot spot in recent years. However, research on the piezoelectric sensors based cement-based piezoelectric composites is rarely reported. And the study on large-scale power generation using piezoelectric materials is almost blank in domestic. In the view of these facts, the properties of the cement-based piezoelectric composites against the background of civil engineering are investigated in this dissertation, the main research contents are summarized as follows:
(1) The PZT-51 ceramic fibers were prepared by the method of viscous polymer processing (VPP). The influence of organism in the clay and sintering condition on the properties of PZT fibers were investigated. The results show that the best sintering condition was holding 0.5h at 1290oC, the optimized composites of the clay was 30:3:1 (PZT-51: PVA binder: glycerin, wt%).
(2) The green bodies of PZT-51 ceramic fibers were fabricated by extrusion of PZT-51 powder and PZT sol mixture. The amount of acetic acid and water in sol were investigated, and then the method is compared with VPP.
(3) 0-3 cement-based piezoelectric composites were fabricated. The effects of the particles size, grain composition and particle shape on the piezoelectric properties, the dielectric properties and electromechanical coupling properties of 0-3 cement-based piezoelectric composites were investigated.
(4) 1-3 cement-based piezoelectric composites were fabricated. The effects of the volume content of the PZT-51 piezoelectric fiber on the piezoelectric properties, the dielectric properties and electromechanical coupling properties of 1-3 cement-based piezoelectric composites were investigated.
(5) The concept of 0-3-1 cement-based piezoelectric composite was put forward, and the 0-3-1 cement-based piezoelectric composites were prepared. The properties of 0-3-1 cement-based piezoelectric composites were compared with 0-3 cement-based piezoelectric composites.
引文
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[3] Huang Shifeng, Chang Jun, Cheng Xin. Preparation and polarization of 0-3 cement based piezoelectric composites[J]. Materials Research Bulletin, 2006, 41 (2): 291-297.
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[5] http://www.innowattech.co.il/.
[6]贾菲(美).压电陶瓷[M].北京:科学出版社,1979: 18-19.
[7]秦自楷.压电石英晶体[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1980: 134-139.
[8] Jaffe B, Cook W R, Jaffe H. Piezoelectric Ceramics, Academic Press, New York, 1971: 271–280.
[9]黄世峰.水泥基压电复合材料的制备及其性能研究[D].武汉理工大学博士学位论文,2005.
[10] Newnham R E, Skinnera D P, Crossa L E. Connectivity and piezoelectric-pyroelectric composites[J]. Materials Researeh Bulletin, 1978, 13:525-535.
[11] Banno H, Jpn J. Appl.Phys. 1985, 24(2), 445-447.
[12] Smith W A, Auld B A. Modeling l-3 composite piezoeleetrics: thickness-mode oscillations[J]. IEEE Trans. Son. Ultrason, 1991, 38(1), 40–47.
[13] Smith W A. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelec. Freq. Contr., 1993, 40(1), 41–49.
[14] Chan H L W, Unsworth J. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelec. Freq. Contr., 1989, 36(4), 434–441.
[15] Howarth, Thomas R, Ting Robert Y. Eletroacoustic ealuations of 1-3 piezocomposite SonoPanel (trademak) materials[J].IEEE transaction on ultrasonic,ferroelectries and frequency control,2000,47 (4) :386-894.
[16] Savakus H P, Klicer K A, Nemnham R E. PZT-EPOXY piezoelectric transducers a simplified fabrication procedure[J]. Mterials Rseareh Blletin,1981,16(6):677-680.
[17] Richard L, Leafy, Hayward G. Investigation into the effects of modification of the passive phase for improved manufacture of 1-3 connectivity piezoeomposite transducers[J]. IEEE Transaction on ultrasonic,ferroelectdcs and frequency contr01.1999,46(3): 511-516.
[18] Thomas R, Howarth, Robert Y, et al. Electroacoustm evaluations of 1-3 piezocomposite sonopanel materials[J].IEEE Transaction on ultrasonic,ferroelectrics and frequency control,2000,47(4): 886-894.
[19] Janas V E.Novel processing of 1-3 piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composites for transducer applications[J].J.Am Ceramsoc, 1995, TB(11): 2945.
[20] Wilkie W, J High, Mirick P, Fox R, et al.low-cost piezocomposite actuator for structural control applications[C]. Proceedings SPIE'S 7th intenational symposium on smart structures and materials, Newport Beach, California, March 5-9, 2000.
[21] J.Rossetti, G.Pizzochero, A.Bent. Recent advances in active fiber composites technology[C].Proeeedings of the 2000 12th IEEE Intemational SymPosium on APPlications of Ferroelectrics, 2000:753-756.
[22] High J, Wilkie W. Method of fabricating NASA-standard macro-fiber piezocomposite actuators[C]. NASA/TM-2003-212427, ARLTR2833, June 2003.
[23] Damson A, John D. System and method for generating electrie power from a rotating tire's mechanical energy using piezoelectric fiber composites [P].US Paten US6807853, 2004: 10-26.
[24] Ren K. Single crystal PMN-PT/Epoxy 1-3 composite for energy-harvesting application. Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control[J]. IEEE Transactions on, 2006. 53(3): 631 - 638.
[25] Yoon C. Transverse 1-3 piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite with multi-layered PZT ceramic blocks. Sensors and Actuators[J]: Physical, 2007. 134(2): 480-485.
[26] Walter S. Manufacturing and electrical interconnection of piezoelectric 1-3 composite materials for phased array ultrasonic transducers in Electronics Technology[C]. 31st International Spring Seminar on, 2008: 23-30.
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