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聚乙烯防雾膜的研制
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摘要
防雾滴棚膜的应用为农业的增产创收提供了有利条件,但目前聚乙烯防雾滴膜的发展还不能完全满足使用要求。本论文在前人所做工作的基础上进一步讨论了防雾滴剂结构与性能的关系;考察了具备不同防雾性能的复配防雾滴剂体系协同作用的大小;探讨了影响防雾性的因素,并定量地计算了薄膜具有防雾性时表面防雾滴剂的浓度值。研究表明:含有长碳链的防雾滴剂,高温持久防雾效果好;含有强极性基团的防雾滴剂,初期防雾效果好;不同防雾性能的防雾滴剂复配后,初期防雾性和防雾持久性均有所提高,且不同复配体系协同作用大小不同;氟表面活性剂、流滴缓释剂及防老化助剂等的加入对防雾性能均有一定的影响;薄膜有效浓度的测定为定量考察薄膜防雾性提供依据,当薄膜表面防雾滴剂浓度大于薄膜有效浓度时,薄膜就具有防雾性。
     本文还采用熔融接枝的方法,将MAA单体接枝到PE分子链上,增加与防雾滴剂的相容性,延缓防雾滴剂的迁移。探讨了接枝过程中各种因素对薄膜防雾性及其他性能的影响。研究表明:PE、EVA、PE-g-MAA接枝物三种基体树脂中,PE-g-MAA接枝物与防雾滴剂混合、吹塑成的薄膜具有较长的防雾期;随单体MAA的增加防雾期延长,且存在最佳值;引发剂1引发接枝的接枝物具有较长的防雾期;交联抑制剂的加入增加了熔体流动性,改善丁薄膜的外观;去除接枝物中残余单体后,薄膜防雾性有所提高;在加工过程中,加工条件如螺杆转速、挤出设备等对薄膜性能也有较大影响;通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)对比了PE接枝前后热学性能的变化,发现PE接枝后熔点(Tm)变化较小,结晶温度(Tc)上升,熔融热焓(ΔH)下降。
In this paper the relationship between the structure of antifogging agent and properties of antifogging were studied. It was also researched that the co operative effect among different antifogging agents, and some factors effecting the performance of the PE film were discussed; The study showed: the lasted antifogging was improved with increasing the carbon chains; The antifogging agents with hydrophilic radical has excellent initial antifogging; When different antifogging agents were mixed the initial and lasted antifogging were improved at the same time, but different compounded system had different effects; The introduce of other agents such as florin surfactant, the buffering agent of antifogging agent and the antiaging agent also effect antifogging.
    Moreover, grafting the monomer of MAA on the chain of PE improved the performance of antifogging. The results showed: the copolymer of PE-g-MAA had longer antifogging period compared with PE and EVA; The antifogging period prolonged with the increase of the content of the monomer , and reach the maximum when properly parts were introduced; The effect of initiator one was better than initiator two; The introduce of electron donors increase the fluidity and improve the appearance of the film; The properties of the film was improved after getting rid of the remained monomer; Some processing conditions, such as the speed of screw, extruded instrument etc, also effect the properties of the film. Differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) was used to compare the changes of thermal properties between PE and its grafted copolymer. It was found that Tm changed slightly, but Tc and AH changed a lot, the crystallinity of grafted copolymer decreased.
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