崇上二级公路路基膨胀土工程特性及处治研究
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摘要
膨胀土作为一种特殊性质粘土,在世界各地和我国的大部分地区都有广泛分布。近年来,随着我国国民经济迅猛发展,高等级公路大量兴建,不少高等级公路都穿越了膨胀土发育地区。由于膨胀土遇水体积膨胀,失水收缩开裂,工程性质极差,直接填筑路基会造成严重路基病害,不宜直接用作路基填料。但是如果简单作弃方处理,又会增加工程造价,同时大量的弃方会污染公路沿线周边环境,不利于沿线环境保护,因此膨胀土路基问题研究是摆在我国广大公路建设者面前一项较为紧迫的任务。
本文以广西崇左至上思二级公路建设项目为依托,在现场土质调查基础上,针对膨胀土的不良工程特性进行膨胀土的试验研究。本文利用公路工程中的常规试验指标和SOM神经网络模型对膨胀土进行判别和分类,合理确定公路沿线膨胀土的胀缩等级,并通过试验进行了验证。通过大量的试验研究,建立了击实膨胀土样膨胀变形量、膨胀力以及抗剪强度与土样初始含水量、干密度和上覆压力之间的定量关系,以此作为膨胀土边坡稳定性分析的依据。推导了考虑含水量和膨胀力对膨胀土边坡稳定性影响的极限分析安全系数公式,并进行了相应的计算分析。对膨胀土在不同掺水泥、掺砂、掺好土比例的条件下进行物理和力学性质试验研究,分析各工程性质指标在不同配合比和含水量条件下的变化规律,为确定经济合理的改良方案、施工工艺、施工控制措施提供依据。采用土工布包盖法和三明治互层法铺筑试验路。通过对试验路现场跟踪调查与性能指标检测,评价试验路实际效果。综合分析研究膨胀土改良加固方案的经济性,结果表明:利用土工布包盖法和三明治互层法填筑路基,具有明显的经济效益和社会效益。
Expansive soil, as a kind of special clay, distributed broadly in most places of our country and all around the world. These years, along with the swift development of our country economy and the large scale constructing of high-grade highway, some high-grade highways run across the area where the expansive soil develops. Because the expansive soil expands when absorbing water,shrinks and cracks when losing water, it has poor engineering property, and the roadbed will be damaged seriously if the expansive soil is filled in the roadbed directly. But if it’s just abandoned simply as useless stuff, the cost of the project will grow and the environment around the road will be polluted. So it is an urgent task for our builders to work over roadbed with expansive soil.
This thesis, based on the project of Chong-shang highway in Guangxi, studies and tests the expansive soil on its poor engineering property. By using highway project’s conventional test indices and SOM neural network model, the thesis rationally identifies and classifies the swell-shrink grades of the expansive soil along the road, and verifies them through the tests. By a lot of laboratory tests of compacted expansive soil, the thesis establishes a quantitative relationship between the expansion deformation, expansive pressure, shear strength and the beginning water content, dried density and the overburden pressure, as a basis of the stability analysis of expansive soil slope. The thesis derives a safety factor equation of limit analysis which considers the effect of water content and expansive pressure on the stability of expansive soil slope, and calculates and analyzes data on the equation. We tests and studies the physical and mechanical property of expansive soil formed with different ratios of cement , sand and good soil to analyzes the variation rules of all kinds of engineering property indices under the condition of different ratios and water contents, and to provide a suggestion of reasonable economic improving programs, construction technologies, construction control measures. Earthwork fabric treatment method and sandwich interbedding method are introduced to build the test road in our study, and we evaluate the actual effect on the test road through spot-tracking survey and property indices examination of the test road. Analyzing the economy quality of the improving reinforcing project of expansive soil on the whole, we arrive at the conclusion that it has obvious economic and social benefit by using earthwork fabric treatment method and sandwich interbedding method to fill and build the roadbed with expansive soil.
本文以广西崇左至上思二级公路建设项目为依托,在现场土质调查基础上,针对膨胀土的不良工程特性进行膨胀土的试验研究。本文利用公路工程中的常规试验指标和SOM神经网络模型对膨胀土进行判别和分类,合理确定公路沿线膨胀土的胀缩等级,并通过试验进行了验证。通过大量的试验研究,建立了击实膨胀土样膨胀变形量、膨胀力以及抗剪强度与土样初始含水量、干密度和上覆压力之间的定量关系,以此作为膨胀土边坡稳定性分析的依据。推导了考虑含水量和膨胀力对膨胀土边坡稳定性影响的极限分析安全系数公式,并进行了相应的计算分析。对膨胀土在不同掺水泥、掺砂、掺好土比例的条件下进行物理和力学性质试验研究,分析各工程性质指标在不同配合比和含水量条件下的变化规律,为确定经济合理的改良方案、施工工艺、施工控制措施提供依据。采用土工布包盖法和三明治互层法铺筑试验路。通过对试验路现场跟踪调查与性能指标检测,评价试验路实际效果。综合分析研究膨胀土改良加固方案的经济性,结果表明:利用土工布包盖法和三明治互层法填筑路基,具有明显的经济效益和社会效益。
Expansive soil, as a kind of special clay, distributed broadly in most places of our country and all around the world. These years, along with the swift development of our country economy and the large scale constructing of high-grade highway, some high-grade highways run across the area where the expansive soil develops. Because the expansive soil expands when absorbing water,shrinks and cracks when losing water, it has poor engineering property, and the roadbed will be damaged seriously if the expansive soil is filled in the roadbed directly. But if it’s just abandoned simply as useless stuff, the cost of the project will grow and the environment around the road will be polluted. So it is an urgent task for our builders to work over roadbed with expansive soil.
This thesis, based on the project of Chong-shang highway in Guangxi, studies and tests the expansive soil on its poor engineering property. By using highway project’s conventional test indices and SOM neural network model, the thesis rationally identifies and classifies the swell-shrink grades of the expansive soil along the road, and verifies them through the tests. By a lot of laboratory tests of compacted expansive soil, the thesis establishes a quantitative relationship between the expansion deformation, expansive pressure, shear strength and the beginning water content, dried density and the overburden pressure, as a basis of the stability analysis of expansive soil slope. The thesis derives a safety factor equation of limit analysis which considers the effect of water content and expansive pressure on the stability of expansive soil slope, and calculates and analyzes data on the equation. We tests and studies the physical and mechanical property of expansive soil formed with different ratios of cement , sand and good soil to analyzes the variation rules of all kinds of engineering property indices under the condition of different ratios and water contents, and to provide a suggestion of reasonable economic improving programs, construction technologies, construction control measures. Earthwork fabric treatment method and sandwich interbedding method are introduced to build the test road in our study, and we evaluate the actual effect on the test road through spot-tracking survey and property indices examination of the test road. Analyzing the economy quality of the improving reinforcing project of expansive soil on the whole, we arrive at the conclusion that it has obvious economic and social benefit by using earthwork fabric treatment method and sandwich interbedding method to fill and build the roadbed with expansive soil.
引文
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[2] 蒋忠信.南昆铁路地质灾害与防治. 铁道工程学报, 2001, 69(1): 83-88
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[8] E.E.Alonso, J.Vaunat,A.Gens.Modelling the mechanical behaviour of expansive clays. Engineering Geology, 1999, 54: 173-183
[9] Amer A. Al-Rawas. The factors controlling the expansive nature of the soils and rocks of northern Oman. Engineering Geology, 1999, 53(3-4): 327-350
[10] Tomoyoshi Nishimura, Yasunari Hirabayashi, and Julian K.-M.Gan. et al. Influence of stress history on the strength parameters of an unsaturated statically compacted soil. Can. Geotech. J, 1999, 36(5): 251-261
[11] Vanapalli,S.K. , J. Lane. A simple technique for determining the shear strength of fine-grained unsaturated soils using the conventional direct shear apparatus. In: Proc of the Second Specialty Conf on Computer Applications in Geotechnique. Canada, 2002, 245-253
[12] Sabine Chabrillat , Alexander F.H. Goetz , Lisa Krosley. et al. Use of hyperspectral images in the identification and mapping of expansive clay soils and the role of spatial resolution. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2002, 82(2-3): 431-445
[13]缪林昌. 论膨胀土地工程性质及工程措施. 水利水电科技进展,2001,21(2): 37-40
[14] 崔贵红.土工网在膨胀土路堤中的应用.铁道标准设计.2000,20(11): 36-37
[15] 曹永和.土工合成材料加固铁路膨胀土路堤施工技术.西部探矿工程,2001, 70(3): 15-16
[16] Amer Ali Al-Rawas, A.W. Hago, Hilal Al-Sarmi. Effect of lime, cement and Sarooj (artificial pozzolan) on the swelling potential of an expansive soil from Oman. Building and Environment, 2005, 40(5): 681-687
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[19] JTJ033-95,公路路基施工技术规范.中华人民共和国交通部发布,1996,42-43
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[23] 于芳,肖荣久. 用灰色系统理论对陕南膨胀土膨胀潜势等级的评判. 西安地质学院学报,1994, 16(4): 61-65
[24] 张晓伟,杨涛,巩安. 路基膨胀土胀缩等级的等效数值评判法. 公路, 2000, 10(10): 65-67
[25] 黄卫,钟理,钱振东. 路基膨胀土胀缩等级的模糊评判. 岩土工程学报, 1999, 21(4): 408-413
[26] 刘书贤,魏微,师子刚. BP网络在膨胀土判别和分类中的应用. 辽宁工程技术大学学报,2004, 23(6): 782-784
[27] 陈爱军,杨和平. 神经网络在公路膨胀土胀缩等级判别中的应用. 长沙交通学院学报,2003, 19(2): 21-25
[28] 莫红艳. 高等级公路路基膨胀土土性改良及施工技术的研究:[广西大学硕士学位论文].南宁:广西大学, 2002, 16-35
[29] 方磊,唐蓓华,许明军等. 高速公路路基填料膨胀性判别和分类. 公路交通科技, 2005, 22(4): 31-34
[30] 孙志强.神经网络理论与MATLAB实现.北京:电子工业出版社,2005,168-178
[31] JTJ051-93,公路土工试验规程.中华人民共和国交通部发布,1996,102-112
[32] 杨和平, 郑健龙. 云南楚大公路膨胀土的土性试验研究. 中国公路学报, 2002, 15(1): 10-14
[33] 李献民,王永和,杨果林等. 击实膨胀土工程变形特性的试验研究. 岩土力学,2003, 24(5): 826-830
[34] 徐永福. 膨胀土的击实条件与膨胀变形的相关性研究. 河海大学学报,1997, 25(3): 58-60
[35] 张爱军,哈岸英,骆亚生. 压实膨胀土的膨胀变形规律与计算模式. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2005, 24(7): 1236-1241
[36] Y.F. Xu , Dean Sun b, Yangping Yao. Surface fractal dimension of bentonite and its application to determination of swelling properties. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 2004, 19(2): 347-356
[37] 刘松玉,季鹏,方磊. 击实膨胀土的循环膨胀特性研究. 岩土工程学报, 1999, 21(1): 9-13
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[50] 曹永和. 土工合成材料加固铁路膨胀土路堤施工技术. 西部探矿工程,2001, 70(3): 15-17
[51] 黄国华. 三明治互层法在膨胀土路基施工中的应用. 科技情报开发与经济, 2002, 12(2): 154-155
[52] 李治平. 水泥稳定膨胀土的试验研究.内蒙古公路与运输, 2002, 74(2): 4-6
[2] 蒋忠信.南昆铁路地质灾害与防治. 铁道工程学报, 2001, 69(1): 83-88
[3] 廖世文.膨胀土与铁路工程. 北京:中国铁道出版社, 1984, 26-78
[4] 刘特洪.工程建设中的膨胀土问题. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997,15-93
[5] 李生林.中国膨胀土工程地质研究. 南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1992,25-66
[6] A. Sridharana, Y. Gurtug. Swelling behaviour of compacted fine-grained soils. Engineering Geology, 2004, 72(1-2): 9-18
[7] Amer A. Al-Rawas, Ingeborg Guba, A. McGown . Geological and engineering characteristics of expansive soils and rocks in northern Oman. Engineering Geology, 1998, 50(3): 267-281
[8] E.E.Alonso, J.Vaunat,A.Gens.Modelling the mechanical behaviour of expansive clays. Engineering Geology, 1999, 54: 173-183
[9] Amer A. Al-Rawas. The factors controlling the expansive nature of the soils and rocks of northern Oman. Engineering Geology, 1999, 53(3-4): 327-350
[10] Tomoyoshi Nishimura, Yasunari Hirabayashi, and Julian K.-M.Gan. et al. Influence of stress history on the strength parameters of an unsaturated statically compacted soil. Can. Geotech. J, 1999, 36(5): 251-261
[11] Vanapalli,S.K. , J. Lane. A simple technique for determining the shear strength of fine-grained unsaturated soils using the conventional direct shear apparatus. In: Proc of the Second Specialty Conf on Computer Applications in Geotechnique. Canada, 2002, 245-253
[12] Sabine Chabrillat , Alexander F.H. Goetz , Lisa Krosley. et al. Use of hyperspectral images in the identification and mapping of expansive clay soils and the role of spatial resolution. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2002, 82(2-3): 431-445
[13]缪林昌. 论膨胀土地工程性质及工程措施. 水利水电科技进展,2001,21(2): 37-40
[14] 崔贵红.土工网在膨胀土路堤中的应用.铁道标准设计.2000,20(11): 36-37
[15] 曹永和.土工合成材料加固铁路膨胀土路堤施工技术.西部探矿工程,2001, 70(3): 15-16
[16] Amer Ali Al-Rawas, A.W. Hago, Hilal Al-Sarmi. Effect of lime, cement and Sarooj (artificial pozzolan) on the swelling potential of an expansive soil from Oman. Building and Environment, 2005, 40(5): 681-687
[17] 刘汝明,孙嘉明. 膨胀土地区公路路基处理的体会.公路, 1998,(4):15-19
[18] JTG D30-2004,公路路基设计规范.中华人民共和国交通部发布,1996,76-78
[19] JTJ033-95,公路路基施工技术规范.中华人民共和国交通部发布,1996,42-43
[20] 顾晓鲁,刘惠珊. 地基与基础. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 1993, 28-58
[21] GBJ112-87, 膨胀土地区建筑技术规范. 中华人民共和国城乡建设部发布, 1987, 10-55
[22] 谭罗荣,张梅英,邵梧敏等. 风干含水量W65用作膨胀土判别分类指标的可行性研究. 工程地质学报,1994, 2(1): 15-26
[23] 于芳,肖荣久. 用灰色系统理论对陕南膨胀土膨胀潜势等级的评判. 西安地质学院学报,1994, 16(4): 61-65
[24] 张晓伟,杨涛,巩安. 路基膨胀土胀缩等级的等效数值评判法. 公路, 2000, 10(10): 65-67
[25] 黄卫,钟理,钱振东. 路基膨胀土胀缩等级的模糊评判. 岩土工程学报, 1999, 21(4): 408-413
[26] 刘书贤,魏微,师子刚. BP网络在膨胀土判别和分类中的应用. 辽宁工程技术大学学报,2004, 23(6): 782-784
[27] 陈爱军,杨和平. 神经网络在公路膨胀土胀缩等级判别中的应用. 长沙交通学院学报,2003, 19(2): 21-25
[28] 莫红艳. 高等级公路路基膨胀土土性改良及施工技术的研究:[广西大学硕士学位论文].南宁:广西大学, 2002, 16-35
[29] 方磊,唐蓓华,许明军等. 高速公路路基填料膨胀性判别和分类. 公路交通科技, 2005, 22(4): 31-34
[30] 孙志强.神经网络理论与MATLAB实现.北京:电子工业出版社,2005,168-178
[31] JTJ051-93,公路土工试验规程.中华人民共和国交通部发布,1996,102-112
[32] 杨和平, 郑健龙. 云南楚大公路膨胀土的土性试验研究. 中国公路学报, 2002, 15(1): 10-14
[33] 李献民,王永和,杨果林等. 击实膨胀土工程变形特性的试验研究. 岩土力学,2003, 24(5): 826-830
[34] 徐永福. 膨胀土的击实条件与膨胀变形的相关性研究. 河海大学学报,1997, 25(3): 58-60
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