带缝空心R.C.剪力墙结构抗震性能试验研究及有限元分析
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摘要
为了在建筑业贯彻可持续发展战略，大力推行各项墙体改革、发展新的住宅结构体系已经成为目前工程界的首要任务之一。
针对传统现浇钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构自重大、刚度大、自振作用大、延性差以及保温隔热等建筑节能性能差等诸多缺点，本课题对其进行改革，提出了一种新型的带缝空心钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构，此结构具有自重轻、刚度小、延性及变形能力好、耗能能力强等优点，是一种新型抗震、节能的承重结构。
为研究此种新型结构的特性，进行了带缝空心钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构六层楼房1／3.0模型拟动力试验和拟静力试验。研究了结构在水平地震作用下的受力特点、变形特征、破坏形态等力学性能；得到了结构在不同阶段的周期、频率、阻尼等动力特性的变化规律；讨论了结构各楼层的水平位移、层间位移、动力放大系数及构件应变分布等结构地震反应特征；分析了结构的变形性能、滞回特征和恢复力特性。
在试验研究的基础上，利用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS对带缝与不带缝的六层空心钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构分别进行模拟，对其进行了模态分析和弹性动力时程分析，并结合试验结果将两种结构模型的模拟结果进行了对比。分析了人工竖缝对结构的动力特性、抗震性能、破坏机理等方面的影响。
试验研究和有限元分析得出：此种带缝空心钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构中竖向孔洞的存在减轻了结构的自重，因而降低了结构的地震作用。在小震作用下，人工竖缝对结构的周期、频率、振型等动力特性影响不大，结构具有较高的刚度和承载力。在大震作用下，人工竖缝发挥作用，改变了墙肢的破坏形态、降低了结构的刚度和地震作用。故此带缝空心钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构是一种延性的剪力墙结构，具有极佳的推广价值。
In order to carry forward the sustainable development in the building industry, the reforming of wall material and the development of new residence system have been one of the most important tasks in present engineering field.
Considering that the traditional cast-in-situ R. C. shear wall structure has such disadvantages as large self-weight, stiffness and seismic forces, poor ductility and energy wasting, the subject puts forward a new type of hollow shear wall of R. C. stucture with seams which has the advantages of not only high bearing capacity but also small self-weight, stiffness and good ductility and so on. It is a new kind of earthquake resistant and energy-saving structure.
To study the characteristics of the new-type structure, the psedo-dynamic and psedo-static test of one third-scale model six-storey building assembled with hollow shear wall of R. C. with seams were conducted. We studied the structural dyanamic performances such as interal force, deformation and failure forms and so on under the horizontal earthquake action, got the regularity of the structural period, frequency, damping and other dyanamic behaviors in different stages, discussed the characteristics of earthquake response such as structural displacement, interstorey drift, earthquake action, the amplificatory coefficient of seismic action and the regularity of members' strain and analyzed the deformation property, the characteristics of hysteretic curve and the restoring force.
On the basis of the experimental study, we adopted the large-scale finite element software ANSYS to simulate the structure of hollow shear wall with seams and the structure of hollow shear wall without seams respectively .The simulation included modal analysis and dynamic time-history analysis. Further, the simulated results on two modals were contrasted in combination with the experimental results. Finally,
the effects of the artificial vertical seams on the dynamic characteristics, forced properties and failure mechanism were analyzed.
Through experimental study and finite element analysis, we draw that the vertical holes in the hollow shear wall structure with seams lessen self-weight so as to lower the earthquake action. In the case of frequently occurred earthquake, the artificial vertical seams have little influence on structural periods, frequencies and vibration modes, what' s more, the structure has strong stiffness and bearing capacity. In the case of seldomly occurred earthquake, the artificial vertical seams play their roles, changes the failure forms of coupling wall-column and lower structural stiffness and earthquake action . it is conclude that the hollow shear wall structure of R. C. with seams is a kind of ductile shear wall structure and can be widely used in engineering field.
针对传统现浇钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构自重大、刚度大、自振作用大、延性差以及保温隔热等建筑节能性能差等诸多缺点，本课题对其进行改革，提出了一种新型的带缝空心钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构，此结构具有自重轻、刚度小、延性及变形能力好、耗能能力强等优点，是一种新型抗震、节能的承重结构。
为研究此种新型结构的特性，进行了带缝空心钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构六层楼房1／3.0模型拟动力试验和拟静力试验。研究了结构在水平地震作用下的受力特点、变形特征、破坏形态等力学性能；得到了结构在不同阶段的周期、频率、阻尼等动力特性的变化规律；讨论了结构各楼层的水平位移、层间位移、动力放大系数及构件应变分布等结构地震反应特征；分析了结构的变形性能、滞回特征和恢复力特性。
在试验研究的基础上，利用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS对带缝与不带缝的六层空心钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构分别进行模拟，对其进行了模态分析和弹性动力时程分析，并结合试验结果将两种结构模型的模拟结果进行了对比。分析了人工竖缝对结构的动力特性、抗震性能、破坏机理等方面的影响。
试验研究和有限元分析得出：此种带缝空心钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构中竖向孔洞的存在减轻了结构的自重，因而降低了结构的地震作用。在小震作用下，人工竖缝对结构的周期、频率、振型等动力特性影响不大，结构具有较高的刚度和承载力。在大震作用下，人工竖缝发挥作用，改变了墙肢的破坏形态、降低了结构的刚度和地震作用。故此带缝空心钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构是一种延性的剪力墙结构，具有极佳的推广价值。
In order to carry forward the sustainable development in the building industry, the reforming of wall material and the development of new residence system have been one of the most important tasks in present engineering field.
Considering that the traditional cast-in-situ R. C. shear wall structure has such disadvantages as large self-weight, stiffness and seismic forces, poor ductility and energy wasting, the subject puts forward a new type of hollow shear wall of R. C. stucture with seams which has the advantages of not only high bearing capacity but also small self-weight, stiffness and good ductility and so on. It is a new kind of earthquake resistant and energy-saving structure.
To study the characteristics of the new-type structure, the psedo-dynamic and psedo-static test of one third-scale model six-storey building assembled with hollow shear wall of R. C. with seams were conducted. We studied the structural dyanamic performances such as interal force, deformation and failure forms and so on under the horizontal earthquake action, got the regularity of the structural period, frequency, damping and other dyanamic behaviors in different stages, discussed the characteristics of earthquake response such as structural displacement, interstorey drift, earthquake action, the amplificatory coefficient of seismic action and the regularity of members' strain and analyzed the deformation property, the characteristics of hysteretic curve and the restoring force.
On the basis of the experimental study, we adopted the large-scale finite element software ANSYS to simulate the structure of hollow shear wall with seams and the structure of hollow shear wall without seams respectively .The simulation included modal analysis and dynamic time-history analysis. Further, the simulated results on two modals were contrasted in combination with the experimental results. Finally,
the effects of the artificial vertical seams on the dynamic characteristics, forced properties and failure mechanism were analyzed.
Through experimental study and finite element analysis, we draw that the vertical holes in the hollow shear wall structure with seams lessen self-weight so as to lower the earthquake action. In the case of frequently occurred earthquake, the artificial vertical seams have little influence on structural periods, frequencies and vibration modes, what' s more, the structure has strong stiffness and bearing capacity. In the case of seldomly occurred earthquake, the artificial vertical seams play their roles, changes the failure forms of coupling wall-column and lower structural stiffness and earthquake action . it is conclude that the hollow shear wall structure of R. C. with seams is a kind of ductile shear wall structure and can be widely used in engineering field.
引文
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[4] 扬德健、高永孚等．构造柱——芯柱体系混凝土砌块墙体抗震性能试验研究．建筑结构学报．2000．08
[5] 邱战洪、赵成文、陈兆才．钢筋混凝士小砌块剪力墙的抗震性能．沈阳建筑工程学院学报．2001．01
[6] 戴航、关国雄、张右启．带缝钢筋混凝土高剪力墙抗震性能分析与设计．建筑结构．1997．03
[7] 叶列平等．双功能带缝剪力墙的弹性受力性能分析．清华大学学报(自然科学版)．1999
[8] 曹万林等．钢筋混凝土有边框带双层暗支撑剪力墙抗震性能试验研究．世界地震工程．2000．12
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[17] 李宏男、张景玮、刘莉．多孔砖保温夹心墙体抗震性能试验与分析．建筑结构学报．2001．12
[18] 张同亿．复合墙异型柱组合结构抗震性能及设计方法研究．2001．07
[19] 张同亿．带框架复合墙抗震性能试验研究．西安建筑科技大学学报．2000．09(3)
[20] 张同亿．装配整体式复合墙抗震性能试验研究．西安建筑科技大学学报．2000．12(4)
[21] 张同亿．复合墙异型柱组合结构抗震性能试验研究．2000．06(2)
[22] 马乐为．异型柱混凝土小型空心砌块组合结构拟动力试验研究及理论分析．西安建筑科技大学博士论文．2003．03
[23] 郑山锁．动力试验模型在任意配重条件下与原型结构的相似关系．工业建筑．2000(3)
[24] 童岳生、梁兴文等．钢筋混凝土构件设计．科学技术文献出版社．1995．08
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[28] 张兴虎．多点加载联机试验控制方法．西安建筑科技大学学报．1997．06(2)
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[32] 郭听、喻磊、刘煦．微机—伺服结构试验机联机试验系统开发结题报告．2001．06
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[35] 张锐：空心钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构抗震性能试验研究．西安建筑科技大学硕士论文．2003．04
[36] 王琼梅：小高层钢筋混凝土空心剪力墙结构抗震性能试验研究．西安建筑科技大学硕士论文．2003．05
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[2] 全国新型建材情报信息网．现代与未来的国内外新型建筑材料．中国建材工业出版社．1995
[3] 丁世文、夏敬谦等．多孔砖、粉煤灰砌块、火山渣砌块配筋墙体抗震性能试验研究．地震工程与工程振动．2000．06
[4] 扬德健、高永孚等．构造柱——芯柱体系混凝土砌块墙体抗震性能试验研究．建筑结构学报．2000．08
[5] 邱战洪、赵成文、陈兆才．钢筋混凝士小砌块剪力墙的抗震性能．沈阳建筑工程学院学报．2001．01
[6] 戴航、关国雄、张右启．带缝钢筋混凝土高剪力墙抗震性能分析与设计．建筑结构．1997．03
[7] 叶列平等．双功能带缝剪力墙的弹性受力性能分析．清华大学学报(自然科学版)．1999
[8] 曹万林等．钢筋混凝土有边框带双层暗支撑剪力墙抗震性能试验研究．世界地震工程．2000．12
[9] 张建伟、曹万林等．带双层暗支撑开竖缝剪力墙抗震性能试验研究．世界地震工程．2000．12
[10] 曹万林等．带X形暗支撑设暗竖缝剪力墙抗震性能试验研究．世界地震工程．2001．06
[11] 刘航等．劲性钢筋混凝土低剪力墙抗震性能试验研究．工业建筑．1997(5)
[12] 罗英、赵世春．带SRC边框低剪力墙的抗震性能试验研究．西安公路交通大学学报．1999．04
[13] 黄雄军、赵世春．带劲性钢筋混凝土边框低剪力墙的试验研究．西南交通大学学报．1999．10
[14] 谢强．高层轻板框架抗震性能试验研究．西安建筑科技大学硕士论文．1998．03
[15] 傅秀岱等．新型钢筋混凝土复合剪力墙抗震性能试验研究．天津大学学报．2000．05
[16] 蒋欢军、吕西林．新型抗震耗能剪力墙地震耗能计算及优化分析．同济大学学报．2000．08
[17] 李宏男、张景玮、刘莉．多孔砖保温夹心墙体抗震性能试验与分析．建筑结构学报．2001．12
[18] 张同亿．复合墙异型柱组合结构抗震性能及设计方法研究．2001．07
[19] 张同亿．带框架复合墙抗震性能试验研究．西安建筑科技大学学报．2000．09(3)
[20] 张同亿．装配整体式复合墙抗震性能试验研究．西安建筑科技大学学报．2000．12(4)
[21] 张同亿．复合墙异型柱组合结构抗震性能试验研究．2000．06(2)
[22] 马乐为．异型柱混凝土小型空心砌块组合结构拟动力试验研究及理论分析．西安建筑科技大学博士论文．2003．03
[23] 郑山锁．动力试验模型在任意配重条件下与原型结构的相似关系．工业建筑．2000(3)
[24] 童岳生、梁兴文等．钢筋混凝土构件设计．科学技术文献出版社．1995．08
[25] 包世华．新编高层建筑结构．中国水利水电出版社．2001．08
[26] 田石柱、赵桐．抗震拟动力试验技术研究．世界地震工程．2001．12(4)
[27] 陈瑜、董世民、李丽萍．《建筑抗震试验方法规程》中的拟动力试验方法简介．建筑科学．1995(2)
[28] 张兴虎．多点加载联机试验控制方法．西安建筑科技大学学报．1997．06(2)
[29] 邱法维、钱家茹、陈志朋．结构抗震试验方法，科学出版社，2000．01
[30] [美]R．W克拉夫．J．彭津著．结构动力学．科学出版社．1980
[31] 姚谦峰．地震工程．陕西科学技术出版社．2001．01
[32] 郭听、喻磊、刘煦．微机—伺服结构试验机联机试验系统开发结题报告．2001．06
[33] 刘匀．等效单质点拟动力试验方法．西安建筑科技大学学报．1996(3)
[34] 丰定国：工程结构抗震 地震出版社 1997
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