PK多功能混凝土空心砌块试验研究
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摘要
混凝土空心砌块是一种应用广泛的新型墙材,它具有节能、节地、环保、高强、轻质、取材容易、生产高效、品种多样等许多优点。但长期的使用过程中,传统砌块也逐渐显露了一些弊端,其中,砌块墙体保温隔热效果差、墙体易开裂、墙体渗漏是比较突出的问题,这些问题严重影响了砌体房屋的正常使用,从而影响了砌块建筑进一步推广。针对这些问题,课题组研发了一类新型复合多功能混凝土空心砌块-PK多功能混凝土空心砌块。本文从以下几个方面对该砌块进行了研究:
(1)文献综述,简要叙述了混凝土空心砌块的发展历史与现状以及研究动向,课题的研究背景与意义,并对PK多功能混凝土空心砌块做了简单介绍。
(2)对PK多功能混凝土空心砌块的物理材料性能进行了较全面的试验研究,通过试验测定了该类砌块的密度、空心率、含水率、吸水率、相对含水率、抗渗性能、干缩、抗压强度、热阻、传热系数等。对单个砌块的抗压强度及墙体的热工性能进行了分析讨论,提出了相应的计算方法以及改进措施。
(3)对PK多功能混凝土空心砌块砌体进行了轴心抗压强度和通缝抗剪强度试验,根据试验结果分析了该砌块砌体的抗压强度、应力应变关系、弹性模量和抗剪强度,提出了合理的构造建议以及适合该类砌块砌体的抗剪强度的计算方法。
(4)对PK多功能混凝土空心砌块框架墙体进行了抗震性能试验,研究了该框架墙体在低周反复荷载作用下的破坏机理、极限承载力与极限转角、滞回曲线与骨架曲线、延性系数等,根据试验结果评价了其抗震性能。
(5)文章最后对全文进行总结,得出本文的主要结论,指出了PK多功能混凝土空心砌块尚需进一步研究的领域。
Concrete hollow block is a kind of widely used wall material, which owns excellent properties, containing energy conservation, land saving, environmental protection, high-strength, light weight, abundant material, efficient production, various species and so on. However, its industrial application has been limited mainly by the following three factors, namely, poor insulation effect, easy to crack, leakage. These problems seriously affect the normal use of the masonry housing, thus affecting the building block’s further promotion. In light of these problems, the task group has developed a new type of multi-functional concrete hollow block– PK multifunctional concrete hollow block. The following aspects of the block were studied in this article:
(1) The Introduction briefly described the development trend, research background and significance of the concrete hollow block. The research topic of the PK multifunctional concrete hollow block was also presented.
(2) Physical properties of the PK multifunctional concrete hollow block were studied comprehensively, namely, density, void ratio, water content, water absorption, the relative water content, penetration-resistant, shrinkage degree, compressive strength, heat resistance, heat transfer coefficient and so on. The compressive strength of a single block and the thermal properties of the wall were discussed. And then the corresponding calculation methods and improved measures were presented.
(3) Axial compressive strength and shear strength of bed joint of masonry of the PK multifunctional concrete hollow block were studied. Many properties of the masonry were tested in the experiments, such as compressive strength, stress-strain relationship, elastic modulus, shear strength. According to these experimental results, a reasonable construction proposal was proposed and a calculation method of shear strength of the masonry was greatly improved.
(4) The earthquake-resistant experiment of the frame– PK multifunctional concrete hollow block wall was implemented. And then many properties of the frame under effect of the low cyclic load were studied, such as failure mechanism, ultimate resistance, ultimate turn eagle, hysteresis curve, skeleton curve, ductility parameter. Based on the testing results, earthquake-resistant capability of the frame-wall was evaluated.
(5) The main conclusions were showed in the last paragraph of this article. Further study fields of the PK multifunctional concrete hollow block were also noted in the end.
(1)文献综述,简要叙述了混凝土空心砌块的发展历史与现状以及研究动向,课题的研究背景与意义,并对PK多功能混凝土空心砌块做了简单介绍。
(2)对PK多功能混凝土空心砌块的物理材料性能进行了较全面的试验研究,通过试验测定了该类砌块的密度、空心率、含水率、吸水率、相对含水率、抗渗性能、干缩、抗压强度、热阻、传热系数等。对单个砌块的抗压强度及墙体的热工性能进行了分析讨论,提出了相应的计算方法以及改进措施。
(3)对PK多功能混凝土空心砌块砌体进行了轴心抗压强度和通缝抗剪强度试验,根据试验结果分析了该砌块砌体的抗压强度、应力应变关系、弹性模量和抗剪强度,提出了合理的构造建议以及适合该类砌块砌体的抗剪强度的计算方法。
(4)对PK多功能混凝土空心砌块框架墙体进行了抗震性能试验,研究了该框架墙体在低周反复荷载作用下的破坏机理、极限承载力与极限转角、滞回曲线与骨架曲线、延性系数等,根据试验结果评价了其抗震性能。
(5)文章最后对全文进行总结,得出本文的主要结论,指出了PK多功能混凝土空心砌块尚需进一步研究的领域。
Concrete hollow block is a kind of widely used wall material, which owns excellent properties, containing energy conservation, land saving, environmental protection, high-strength, light weight, abundant material, efficient production, various species and so on. However, its industrial application has been limited mainly by the following three factors, namely, poor insulation effect, easy to crack, leakage. These problems seriously affect the normal use of the masonry housing, thus affecting the building block’s further promotion. In light of these problems, the task group has developed a new type of multi-functional concrete hollow block– PK multifunctional concrete hollow block. The following aspects of the block were studied in this article:
(1) The Introduction briefly described the development trend, research background and significance of the concrete hollow block. The research topic of the PK multifunctional concrete hollow block was also presented.
(2) Physical properties of the PK multifunctional concrete hollow block were studied comprehensively, namely, density, void ratio, water content, water absorption, the relative water content, penetration-resistant, shrinkage degree, compressive strength, heat resistance, heat transfer coefficient and so on. The compressive strength of a single block and the thermal properties of the wall were discussed. And then the corresponding calculation methods and improved measures were presented.
(3) Axial compressive strength and shear strength of bed joint of masonry of the PK multifunctional concrete hollow block were studied. Many properties of the masonry were tested in the experiments, such as compressive strength, stress-strain relationship, elastic modulus, shear strength. According to these experimental results, a reasonable construction proposal was proposed and a calculation method of shear strength of the masonry was greatly improved.
(4) The earthquake-resistant experiment of the frame– PK multifunctional concrete hollow block wall was implemented. And then many properties of the frame under effect of the low cyclic load were studied, such as failure mechanism, ultimate resistance, ultimate turn eagle, hysteresis curve, skeleton curve, ductility parameter. Based on the testing results, earthquake-resistant capability of the frame-wall was evaluated.
(5) The main conclusions were showed in the last paragraph of this article. Further study fields of the PK multifunctional concrete hollow block were also noted in the end.
引文
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[2] 苑振芳, 李连玉. 混凝土砌块建筑发展现状及展望. 墙材革新与建筑节能, 1999, (4): 25-29
[3] McGinley M, Thomas R. How masonry stand up to hurricane Fran. Masonry Construction,1990,11(10): 8-13
[4] 陈震基. 美国混凝土砌块工业发展的初期. 建筑砌块与砌块建筑, 2003, (3): 8-10
[5] 孙惠镐, 王墨耕, 李俊民. 小砌块的建筑设计与施工. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2000: 1-16
[6] 叶甲淳. 混凝土小型空心砌块建筑裂缝控制的温度效应研究: [浙江大学博士学位论文]. 杭州, 2003: 1-10
[7] 苑振芳, 何振文. 15 层配筋砌块住宅试点工程简介. 施土技术, 1998, (7): 18-20
[8] 章关福, 刘永峰. 18 层小型砌块配筋砌体房屋设计研究. 建筑砌块与砌块建筑, 2001, (3): 3-8
[9] 王有为, 庞宝根. 发展我国砌块建筑的若干思虑. 建筑机械化, 2001, (5): 17-20
[10] 钟杰, 徐清. 混凝土空心砌块发展及性能改进. 建材发展导向, 2003, (3): 59-62
[11] 唐岱新, 刘学东. 轻骨料混凝土空心小型砌块砌体的静力性能. 哈尔滨建筑工程学院学报, 1993, 26(1): 1-8
[12] 唐岱新, 李小安. 轻骨料混凝土空心小型砌块砌体抗震承载力分析. 哈尔滨建筑工程学院学报, 1993, 26(1): 9-15
[13] Gündüz L. Use of quartet blends containing fly ash, scoria, perlitic pumice and cement to produce cellular hollow lightweight masonry blocks for non-load bearing walls. Construction and Building Material, 2008, 22(5): 747-754
[14] Vander W P A. Mortarless block system. Masonry construction, 1999, (2): 20-24
[15] Ossama A A, Kris S M. The effect of air cells and mortar joints on the thermal resistance of concrete masonry walls. Energy and Buildings, 1994, 21(2): 111-119
[16] Jabri K S, Hago A W, Nuaimi A S, etal. Concrete blocks for thermal insulation in hot climate. Cement and Concrete Research, 2005, 35(8): 1472-1479
[17] 李建成. 混凝土空心砌块的孔型对其隔热性能的影响. 混凝土与水泥制品, 1995, (5): 50-52
[18] 李建成. 砼空心砌块的孔型对其隔热性能的影响. 建筑砌块与砌块建筑, 1996, (3): 2-5
[19] 杨鼎宜, 曹建华. 小型混凝土空心砌块保温隔热现状及改进措施. 混凝土与水泥制品, 1997, (4): 48-51
[20] 白宪臣. 粉煤灰空心砌块的孔型构造与节能降噪. 新型建筑材料, 1998, (3): 25-26
[21] 吕伟荣, 施楚贤, 刘桂秋. 灌孔混凝土砌块砌体受压性能研究. 湖南大学学报, 2007, 34(10): 15-19
[22] 刘桂秋, 施楚贤, 吕伟荣. 砌体剪力墙的受剪性能及其承载力计算.建筑结构学报, 2005, 26(5): 82-90
[23] 杨伟军, 施楚贤. 砌体受压本构关系研究成果的评述. 四川建筑科学研究, 1999, (3):52-55
[24] 杨伟军, 祝晓庆, 马丽慧. 多功能混凝土空心砌块砌体受压承载力试验研究. 长沙交通学院学报, 2006, 22(1): 32-35
[25] 杨伟军, 蒋耀华, 马丽慧. 多功能混凝土砌块砌体受剪性能研究. 房材与应用, 2005, 33(184): 64-66
[26] 张云杰, 唐岱新. 砌块砌体应力-应变全曲线试验研究. 低温建筑技术, 2002, (2): 18-19
[27] Gihad M, Paulo B L, Humberto R R.Mechanics of hollow concrete block masonry prisms under compression: Review and prospects. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2007, 29(3): 181-192
[28] 施楚贤, 黄靓, 蔡勇. 框支配筋砌块砌体剪力墙抗震性能试验研究. 建筑结构学报, 2007, 28(1): 89-100
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