重庆既有住宅节能改造研究
摘要
进入21世纪,我国乃至世界能源形势越来越严峻,能源危机频发,各个地方或国家不时传来这样那样的噩耗。在不可再生能源日益减少的情况下,节能显得是那么急切和重要。而在所有的能耗种类中,建筑能耗占相当大的比重,特别在我国,建筑能耗占能源终端能耗的30%左右。而在这30%的建筑能耗中,既有建筑能耗占到95%以上。因此既有建筑必须成为节能的重点对象,我国近期提出要对既有建筑进行节能改造,采取有效措施把既有建筑能耗降低到国家强制规定的范围——节能50%。在国家和地方各级政府的努力下,我国很多地方都已经开展了节能改造示范工程,而且相当成功。在这个大的形势和背景下,研究重庆市既有住宅节能改造无疑具有十分重大的意义。目前重庆市的既有建筑节能改造还没开始,相关节能部门也正在积极进行既有建筑的调研,政府对既有住宅的节能改造技术和激励政策还处于研究阶段。本文研究课题正是在这个关键阶段提出来的,目的是通过研究能为重庆市既有住宅节能改造的推广提出有用的建议。
本文通过实地调研的方式评定重庆市既有典型住宅状况以及居民对节能改造的态度,运用经济学理论系统分析了既有住宅节能改造的经济特点,在对各个参与主体行为分析的基础上提出节能改造的激励框架——市场机制+政府激励+社区促动的“三轮驱动模式”。接着在对节能示范建筑调研的基础上提出适合重庆的既有住宅围护结构节能改造技术措施,并运用热工学原理估算出节能改造的成本以及节能效益,得出节能改造投资回收期,为重庆进行既有住宅节能改造可行性提供依据。最后站在政府的角度提出了一些建议,如节能改造成本的承担比例、融资建议、政策建议等,为重庆市政府制定策略做参考。
Entering the 21st century, our country and even the world energy situation is more serious, the frequency of the energy crisis, the bad news come in various places or countries from time to time. In non-renewable energy has been decreasing circumstances, saving energy is so urgent and important. And in all types of energy consumption, building energy consumption accounted for a fairly large proportion, particularly in China, the energy consumption of energy terminal building energy consumption is about 30%. And in 30% of building energy consumption, existing buildings accounted for over 95% of energy consumption. So in the face of such large energy consumption ,it must become a key target for energy saving, China recently proposed to the transformation of existing buildings for energy saving, and adopt various measures to reduce the energy consumption of existing buildings to the mandatory provisions of the country——50% energy saving. Through the efforts of the national and local levels of government, many parts of China have launched demonstration projects of energy conservation successfully. On this situation and background, the research on both residential energy-saving reform in Chongqing city undoubtedly has great significance. Now the Chongqing municipal building energy efficiency improvement do not start yet, the relevant departments are also ongoing investigation about energy-saving aspects, about both residential energy-saving technologies and incentives, the government is still on the research stage. This research project is purposed at this critical stage. through the study, If this can give some useful suggestions for the residential energy-saving recommendations in Chongqing.
Through field research methods in Chongqing , the author understand both the status of residential energy conservation and the residents support attitude, and thiswill lay the foundation for research behind. Then using economic theory and the system theory on the economic features of transformation of residential energy-saving, and on the basis of analyzing the behavior of all participants,the Author Raise energy-saving incentive framework - the market mechanism + government incentives + community promotion the "three-driven model." Next, On the basis of the researching of Model Building Energy Conservation, the author proposes the residential energy-saving measures which is Suitable in Chongqing city, and uses thermal theory to estimate the cost of energy conservation and energy efficiency and payback period of energy conservation and transformation to provide the conduct of the residential energy conservation feasibility. Finally from the perspective of the government, the author makes a number of pertinent recommendations, such as energy-saving the ratio of cost, financing and other policy recommendations, the author hopes to give some suggestions for the government formulating policies.
本文通过实地调研的方式评定重庆市既有典型住宅状况以及居民对节能改造的态度,运用经济学理论系统分析了既有住宅节能改造的经济特点,在对各个参与主体行为分析的基础上提出节能改造的激励框架——市场机制+政府激励+社区促动的“三轮驱动模式”。接着在对节能示范建筑调研的基础上提出适合重庆的既有住宅围护结构节能改造技术措施,并运用热工学原理估算出节能改造的成本以及节能效益,得出节能改造投资回收期,为重庆进行既有住宅节能改造可行性提供依据。最后站在政府的角度提出了一些建议,如节能改造成本的承担比例、融资建议、政策建议等,为重庆市政府制定策略做参考。
Entering the 21st century, our country and even the world energy situation is more serious, the frequency of the energy crisis, the bad news come in various places or countries from time to time. In non-renewable energy has been decreasing circumstances, saving energy is so urgent and important. And in all types of energy consumption, building energy consumption accounted for a fairly large proportion, particularly in China, the energy consumption of energy terminal building energy consumption is about 30%. And in 30% of building energy consumption, existing buildings accounted for over 95% of energy consumption. So in the face of such large energy consumption ,it must become a key target for energy saving, China recently proposed to the transformation of existing buildings for energy saving, and adopt various measures to reduce the energy consumption of existing buildings to the mandatory provisions of the country——50% energy saving. Through the efforts of the national and local levels of government, many parts of China have launched demonstration projects of energy conservation successfully. On this situation and background, the research on both residential energy-saving reform in Chongqing city undoubtedly has great significance. Now the Chongqing municipal building energy efficiency improvement do not start yet, the relevant departments are also ongoing investigation about energy-saving aspects, about both residential energy-saving technologies and incentives, the government is still on the research stage. This research project is purposed at this critical stage. through the study, If this can give some useful suggestions for the residential energy-saving recommendations in Chongqing.
Through field research methods in Chongqing , the author understand both the status of residential energy conservation and the residents support attitude, and thiswill lay the foundation for research behind. Then using economic theory and the system theory on the economic features of transformation of residential energy-saving, and on the basis of analyzing the behavior of all participants,the Author Raise energy-saving incentive framework - the market mechanism + government incentives + community promotion the "three-driven model." Next, On the basis of the researching of Model Building Energy Conservation, the author proposes the residential energy-saving measures which is Suitable in Chongqing city, and uses thermal theory to estimate the cost of energy conservation and energy efficiency and payback period of energy conservation and transformation to provide the conduct of the residential energy conservation feasibility. Finally from the perspective of the government, the author makes a number of pertinent recommendations, such as energy-saving the ratio of cost, financing and other policy recommendations, the author hopes to give some suggestions for the government formulating policies.
引文
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[14] 郁文红,杨昭. 采暖居住建筑节能改造收益分析. 节能,2004,12:P21~24.
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[16] 武涌.关于充分发挥政府公共管理职能推进建筑节能工作的思考,专集:建筑节能[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
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[18] 李俊领,孙诗兵,田英良. 北京市既有建筑围护结构节能改造标准的探讨. 建筑节能,2006,5:P35~36.
[19] 杨树凡,鲁永奇,张劲,唐羽,王立娟. 我国建筑节能改造对策与融资渠道研究. 节能环保,2006,6:P28~30.
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[21] 贾春霞,董重成,吴静怡. 严寒地区既有住宅墙体节能改造研究. 保温材料与建筑节能.,2003,4:P35~37.
[22] 赵立华,郭骏,方修睦. 哈尔滨市既有建筑节能改造研究. 保温材料与建筑节能,1999,3:P14~16.
[23] 凌方民. 建立基于市场激励机制的节能节电工作. 上海节能,2004,2:P45~47.
[24] 鲍建强,蒋惠琴. 建设节约型社会健全机制至关重要. 浙江经济,2006,2:P22~24.
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