免拆保温墙模复合剪力墙体系模板设计及寿命周期成本分析
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摘要
免拆保温墙模复合剪力墙体系是一种新型节能建筑结构体系,它具有节约能源、增大使用面积、优良的抗震性能及综合造价低等优点。
本文针对免拆保温墙模复合剪力墙体系中的免拆模板进行设计,并对该体系的全寿命周期成本进行分析,主要内容包括:
(1)对用作免拆墙模的轻骨料混凝土砌块采用理论分析与实验相结合的方法,确定它的组成材料及合理配比,并实验研究其物理力学性能,确定墙模尺寸;简单介绍轻骨料混凝土砌块制作的工艺流程,墙模与其中矩形截面孔洞中浇筑的混凝土组成复合剪力墙体系,这种体系已成功应用于实践中。
(2)由于轻骨料混凝土墙模形状设计偏于复杂,实践中施工效率提高不明显,课题组又研制出另一种板式免拆墙模——玻化微珠保温板。确定玻化微珠保温板组成材料及板的规格,并研究保温板的热工性能,结果表明该保温板保温性能优越,板厚满足热工要求。本文利用一个算例,分析模板在施工过程中所受荷载,确定内外楞间距、对拉螺栓规格及间距,并对模板进行验算。通过实验测定及实例分析可知,模板强度高,抵抗变形能力强,可替代传统模板。在保证施工方面的强度、刚度及承受混凝土侧压力的前提下,可以节省模板,缩短工期,减小墙体厚度,提供良好的保温隔热性能。
(3)以三层试验楼为例,从消费者以及开发商对该结构体系进行经济上的评价需要出发,利用“全寿命周期成本评价”的方法进行经济效果评价,通过计算建设成本及使用维护成本,将轻骨料混凝土免拆墙模复合剪力墙体系与砖混结构的全寿命周期成本比较,虽然资金成本高于砖混结构,但若将环境成本和社会成本考虑进来,性能将优于砖混结构;又与外贴EPS板复合剪力墙体体系比较,得出体系节能投资回收期短,满足建筑节能标准;节能投资的额外净收益高,说明在投资回收期后可节约大量的资金和能源,是设计者优选的设计方案。
通过本课题组研究,在一般的小高层建筑中采用免拆保温墙模复合剪力墙体系能充分发挥极大优势,且节能效果好,可降低房屋的综合经济指标。本文所研究的成果,将有利于节能建筑的推广普及,节约建筑行业的资源能耗。
Composite shear wall system with heat preservation formwork without demoulding is a new energy efficiency construction system. It has many advantages, such as energy efficiency, increasing usage area, good anti-earthquake function, low total cost, etc.
In this paper, formwork designing and life cycle cost analysis of composite shear wall system with heat preservation formwork without demoulding will be researched. The primary contents are:
(1) Based on synthetical study of light aggregate concrete brick used for construction of permanent formwork by both theoretical analysis and experiment, constitute material and reasonable matches, mechanics attribute of material, wall formwork size are acquired. Then, process flow of light aggregate concrete brick making is introduced. Wall formwork and concrete constitute composite shear wall system. It has been carried out successfully.
(2) Because figure of light aggregate concrete brick is too complicated and low efficiency in construction, a new type of formwork- glazed hollow bead formwork is developed by our team. Material ingredient and specification of heat insulation formwork of glazed hollow bead are confirmed. And then, it is showed that this formwork has good heat insulation performance. An example was done to analyze load of formwork getting in construction, confirm the space length of inner and outer backing, confirm split bolt specification and check formwork. By test and example, it is showed that this formwork has high strength and strong anti-deformation. It has many advantages, such as saving formwork, shortening time limit for a project, minishing wall thickness, providing excellent heat insulation performance based on pledging strength, rigidity, level stress of concrete of formwork.
(3) An example of three floors was done to value economic effect of this system with life cycle cost analysis method for needs of consumer and developer. By calculating construction project cost and energy consumption cost, compared composite shear wall structure to brick-concrete structure system, it is showed that capital cost of this system exceeds to brick-concrete structure system. If taking into account environmental and social cost, capability of this system will precedes to brick-concrete structure. Simultaneity, it is compared composite shear wall structure system with EPS board, showing that payback rule of energy efficiency invest satisfied to standard of construction energy efficiency, showing that additional income of energy efficiency invest excelled to EPS board system. It indicates that this system can save vast capital and energy after payback rule, it is a kind of excellent scheme.
Researches indicated that it can bring into play prodigious superiority in use of moderate high-rise building with composite shear wall structure system, including good effect of energy efficiency, low economic index. The result of this paper aims at spreading energy efficiency building and saving energy consumption of constrcture field.
本文针对免拆保温墙模复合剪力墙体系中的免拆模板进行设计,并对该体系的全寿命周期成本进行分析,主要内容包括:
(1)对用作免拆墙模的轻骨料混凝土砌块采用理论分析与实验相结合的方法,确定它的组成材料及合理配比,并实验研究其物理力学性能,确定墙模尺寸;简单介绍轻骨料混凝土砌块制作的工艺流程,墙模与其中矩形截面孔洞中浇筑的混凝土组成复合剪力墙体系,这种体系已成功应用于实践中。
(2)由于轻骨料混凝土墙模形状设计偏于复杂,实践中施工效率提高不明显,课题组又研制出另一种板式免拆墙模——玻化微珠保温板。确定玻化微珠保温板组成材料及板的规格,并研究保温板的热工性能,结果表明该保温板保温性能优越,板厚满足热工要求。本文利用一个算例,分析模板在施工过程中所受荷载,确定内外楞间距、对拉螺栓规格及间距,并对模板进行验算。通过实验测定及实例分析可知,模板强度高,抵抗变形能力强,可替代传统模板。在保证施工方面的强度、刚度及承受混凝土侧压力的前提下,可以节省模板,缩短工期,减小墙体厚度,提供良好的保温隔热性能。
(3)以三层试验楼为例,从消费者以及开发商对该结构体系进行经济上的评价需要出发,利用“全寿命周期成本评价”的方法进行经济效果评价,通过计算建设成本及使用维护成本,将轻骨料混凝土免拆墙模复合剪力墙体系与砖混结构的全寿命周期成本比较,虽然资金成本高于砖混结构,但若将环境成本和社会成本考虑进来,性能将优于砖混结构;又与外贴EPS板复合剪力墙体体系比较,得出体系节能投资回收期短,满足建筑节能标准;节能投资的额外净收益高,说明在投资回收期后可节约大量的资金和能源,是设计者优选的设计方案。
通过本课题组研究,在一般的小高层建筑中采用免拆保温墙模复合剪力墙体系能充分发挥极大优势,且节能效果好,可降低房屋的综合经济指标。本文所研究的成果,将有利于节能建筑的推广普及,节约建筑行业的资源能耗。
Composite shear wall system with heat preservation formwork without demoulding is a new energy efficiency construction system. It has many advantages, such as energy efficiency, increasing usage area, good anti-earthquake function, low total cost, etc.
In this paper, formwork designing and life cycle cost analysis of composite shear wall system with heat preservation formwork without demoulding will be researched. The primary contents are:
(1) Based on synthetical study of light aggregate concrete brick used for construction of permanent formwork by both theoretical analysis and experiment, constitute material and reasonable matches, mechanics attribute of material, wall formwork size are acquired. Then, process flow of light aggregate concrete brick making is introduced. Wall formwork and concrete constitute composite shear wall system. It has been carried out successfully.
(2) Because figure of light aggregate concrete brick is too complicated and low efficiency in construction, a new type of formwork- glazed hollow bead formwork is developed by our team. Material ingredient and specification of heat insulation formwork of glazed hollow bead are confirmed. And then, it is showed that this formwork has good heat insulation performance. An example was done to analyze load of formwork getting in construction, confirm the space length of inner and outer backing, confirm split bolt specification and check formwork. By test and example, it is showed that this formwork has high strength and strong anti-deformation. It has many advantages, such as saving formwork, shortening time limit for a project, minishing wall thickness, providing excellent heat insulation performance based on pledging strength, rigidity, level stress of concrete of formwork.
(3) An example of three floors was done to value economic effect of this system with life cycle cost analysis method for needs of consumer and developer. By calculating construction project cost and energy consumption cost, compared composite shear wall structure to brick-concrete structure system, it is showed that capital cost of this system exceeds to brick-concrete structure system. If taking into account environmental and social cost, capability of this system will precedes to brick-concrete structure. Simultaneity, it is compared composite shear wall structure system with EPS board, showing that payback rule of energy efficiency invest satisfied to standard of construction energy efficiency, showing that additional income of energy efficiency invest excelled to EPS board system. It indicates that this system can save vast capital and energy after payback rule, it is a kind of excellent scheme.
Researches indicated that it can bring into play prodigious superiority in use of moderate high-rise building with composite shear wall structure system, including good effect of energy efficiency, low economic index. The result of this paper aims at spreading energy efficiency building and saving energy consumption of constrcture field.
引文
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