多层砖混住宅水泥搅拌桩复合地基沉降观测与分析
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摘要
在建筑工程中，建筑物的沉降变形一直是一个不容忽视的问题。
特别是在软土地区，建筑物沉降变形不均匀或沉降量过大，都会直接
影响建筑物的正常使用。因此，及时掌握建筑物的沉降变化情况，分
析探讨建筑物的沉降变形特点和发展规律是很有必要的。
水泥搅拌桩复合地基是目前多层砖混住宅工程建设中广泛采用
的一种地基处理方法，与桩基础和土石屑垫层筏片基础相比，可节约
地基基础工程造价 30～50％。但到目前为止，水泥搅拌桩复合地基
的变形特性和发展规律等理论还不完善，长期的完整的沉降观测资料
也较少。
本文实验对天津市四个住宅小区的十三栋住宅楼进行了长期的
系统观测。其中水泥搅拌桩复合地基基础的住宅楼 8 栋，土石屑垫层
筏片基础的住宅楼 3 栋，混凝土沉管灌注桩基础的住宅楼 2 栋。主要
内容是对上述住宅楼施工及使用期间进行沉降系统观测。根据沉降观
测结果，对所观测建筑物的沉降量、沉降发展速率以及沉降特征值进
行了计算，并绘制了沉降发展曲线及荷载——时间——平均沉降量曲
线。
经过统计分析，总结了水泥搅拌桩复合地基的变形特性和发展规
律，并与桩基础和土石屑垫层筏片基础的变形特性及发展规律进行了
比较。
In the construction project, the settlement and deformation of
buildings is always a problem that can’t be ignored. Especially in the soft
clay area, the normal use of the buildings will be affected directly if the
settlement and deformation is not symmetrical or too much. Therefore it’s
important to know the settlement and analyze its trait and its developing
regularity.
In modern more-layer-brick project construction, the mixing-cement
soil pile foundation is used widely to deal with the foundation. Compared
with stake foundation and blinding layer raft foundation, it can save 30 to
50 percent of the project’s cost. But so far, there’s no perfect theory about
this and the dates of long-term and integrate observing are few.
The tests of this paper were carried out long-term and systematically
to 13 buildings of four housing areas in Tianjin. They contain 8 buildings
of mix cement-soil pile composite foundation, 3 of blinding layer raft
foundation and 2 of tubular pile of cement. The major content of the
paper is to systematically observe the settlement of the buildings referred
above in there building and using period. According to the dates, the
settlement, the rate of the settlement developing and the settlement trait of
the buildings were calculated. Then the settlement developing curve and
the load-time-settlement of average curve is drawn.
With the statistic analysis, the deforming trait and developing
regularity of cement mixing pile composite foundation are drawn and
compared with pile and blinding layer raft foundation.
特别是在软土地区，建筑物沉降变形不均匀或沉降量过大，都会直接
影响建筑物的正常使用。因此，及时掌握建筑物的沉降变化情况，分
析探讨建筑物的沉降变形特点和发展规律是很有必要的。
水泥搅拌桩复合地基是目前多层砖混住宅工程建设中广泛采用
的一种地基处理方法，与桩基础和土石屑垫层筏片基础相比，可节约
地基基础工程造价 30～50％。但到目前为止，水泥搅拌桩复合地基
的变形特性和发展规律等理论还不完善，长期的完整的沉降观测资料
也较少。
本文实验对天津市四个住宅小区的十三栋住宅楼进行了长期的
系统观测。其中水泥搅拌桩复合地基基础的住宅楼 8 栋，土石屑垫层
筏片基础的住宅楼 3 栋，混凝土沉管灌注桩基础的住宅楼 2 栋。主要
内容是对上述住宅楼施工及使用期间进行沉降系统观测。根据沉降观
测结果，对所观测建筑物的沉降量、沉降发展速率以及沉降特征值进
行了计算，并绘制了沉降发展曲线及荷载——时间——平均沉降量曲
线。
经过统计分析，总结了水泥搅拌桩复合地基的变形特性和发展规
律，并与桩基础和土石屑垫层筏片基础的变形特性及发展规律进行了
比较。
In the construction project, the settlement and deformation of
buildings is always a problem that can’t be ignored. Especially in the soft
clay area, the normal use of the buildings will be affected directly if the
settlement and deformation is not symmetrical or too much. Therefore it’s
important to know the settlement and analyze its trait and its developing
regularity.
In modern more-layer-brick project construction, the mixing-cement
soil pile foundation is used widely to deal with the foundation. Compared
with stake foundation and blinding layer raft foundation, it can save 30 to
50 percent of the project’s cost. But so far, there’s no perfect theory about
this and the dates of long-term and integrate observing are few.
The tests of this paper were carried out long-term and systematically
to 13 buildings of four housing areas in Tianjin. They contain 8 buildings
of mix cement-soil pile composite foundation, 3 of blinding layer raft
foundation and 2 of tubular pile of cement. The major content of the
paper is to systematically observe the settlement of the buildings referred
above in there building and using period. According to the dates, the
settlement, the rate of the settlement developing and the settlement trait of
the buildings were calculated. Then the settlement developing curve and
the load-time-settlement of average curve is drawn.
With the statistic analysis, the deforming trait and developing
regularity of cement mixing pile composite foundation are drawn and
compared with pile and blinding layer raft foundation.
引文
[1] 中华人民共和国行业标准．建筑变形测量规程 JGJ/T8—97．北京：中国建筑工
业出版社，1998
[2] 华南理工大学等．地基及基础．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1998
[3] 华德徽 王恩远等．多层砖混住宅墙体裂缝调查及对策．河北工业大学土建学
院 1999.10
[4] 杨洪斌 张景恒 天津地区建筑物沉降分析 天津勘察 天津：天津市勘察院，
天津市建筑工程勘察科技情报站，1994
[5] 中华人民共和国行业标准 建筑地基基础设计规范 GBJ7—89 北京：中国建筑工
业出版社，1989
[6] 天津市工程建设标准 岩土工程技术规范 DB29—20—2000 北京：中国建筑工业
出版社，2000
业出版社，1998
[2] 华南理工大学等．地基及基础．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1998
[3] 华德徽 王恩远等．多层砖混住宅墙体裂缝调查及对策．河北工业大学土建学
院 1999.10
[4] 杨洪斌 张景恒 天津地区建筑物沉降分析 天津勘察 天津：天津市勘察院，
天津市建筑工程勘察科技情报站，1994
[5] 中华人民共和国行业标准 建筑地基基础设计规范 GBJ7—89 北京：中国建筑工
业出版社，1989
[6] 天津市工程建设标准 岩土工程技术规范 DB29—20—2000 北京：中国建筑工业
出版社，2000