微结构光学元件的设计与数值模拟
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摘要
微结构光学元件(导光板、扩散板)是液晶显示器(LCD)背光模组里的核心组件,其主要作用是引导光的散射方向,用来提高亮度和控制亮度的均匀性。导光板或扩散板上的微结构的形状和排布形式是决定射出光源的辉度、分布均匀性及出光效率等光学性能的主要因素。为了实现光源在通过导光板(扩散板)转向到所需的工作面时衰减最小化,行之有效途径之一是通过对其底面上微结构外型设计及其排布方式最优化来实现。
本文借助光学模拟软件Lighttools,基于蒙特卡洛光线追迹原理,重点研究了导光板和扩散板上微结构外型及其排布方式。为了提高背光模组的透光率及光线均匀性,本文通过Lighttools软件模拟的方法分析导光板(扩散板)底面上的半球型、V-cut微结构各个参数对背光系统的导光性能的影响程度,并对模拟结果进行对比分析,得出较佳的导光板(扩散板)结构。
本文详细介绍了自己设计的均匀度及扩散性能测试实验台的原理,并详细介绍了扩散板的导光性能测试方法。对已加工出的四种扩散板进行透光率、均匀度及扩散性能测试,发现三角锥微结构对光线的散射效果最好,而V型槽微结构对光线的均匀性最好。并借助Lighttools光学软件进行相应模拟,然后将实验结果与模拟结果进行对比验证。
The optical components (light guide plate or diffuser plate) are the key component of the backlight module in Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). They can soften the light distribution, and reduce the difference between brightness and darkness to make the light distribution more uniform. The diffusivity, lminance and transmittance depend mainly on the geometry and placement of micro-structures. Therefore, optimum design of the geometry and placement of the micro-structures not only improves the lminance and the emitting transmittance, but also decreases the processing cost. The optimization and design of the micro-structures on the surface of the plate are the critical factors in manufacturing optical plate of good optical properties.
The size and arrangement of micro-structures are simulated using Lighttools software Lighttools based on a Monte Carlo ray tracing. The influence of the magnitude and arrangement of semispheres or V-Cut on the optical properties of the optical plate is analyzed by using this method. By analyzing the simulation results, we got the light guide plate with better optical properties.
This paper introduces the principle of the test equipment of uniformity and diffusion capacity, and also the optical properties testing method. By this method, we test the transmittance, uniformity and diffusion capacity of the fabricated diffuser plates. Analyzing the simulation results, we find the diffusion capacity of diffuser with quadrihedrons is the best and the uniformity of the diffuser with V-cut is the best.Finally, we simulate the four diffusers by optical software and contrast the simulation and equipment results.
本文借助光学模拟软件Lighttools,基于蒙特卡洛光线追迹原理,重点研究了导光板和扩散板上微结构外型及其排布方式。为了提高背光模组的透光率及光线均匀性,本文通过Lighttools软件模拟的方法分析导光板(扩散板)底面上的半球型、V-cut微结构各个参数对背光系统的导光性能的影响程度,并对模拟结果进行对比分析,得出较佳的导光板(扩散板)结构。
本文详细介绍了自己设计的均匀度及扩散性能测试实验台的原理,并详细介绍了扩散板的导光性能测试方法。对已加工出的四种扩散板进行透光率、均匀度及扩散性能测试,发现三角锥微结构对光线的散射效果最好,而V型槽微结构对光线的均匀性最好。并借助Lighttools光学软件进行相应模拟,然后将实验结果与模拟结果进行对比验证。
The optical components (light guide plate or diffuser plate) are the key component of the backlight module in Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). They can soften the light distribution, and reduce the difference between brightness and darkness to make the light distribution more uniform. The diffusivity, lminance and transmittance depend mainly on the geometry and placement of micro-structures. Therefore, optimum design of the geometry and placement of the micro-structures not only improves the lminance and the emitting transmittance, but also decreases the processing cost. The optimization and design of the micro-structures on the surface of the plate are the critical factors in manufacturing optical plate of good optical properties.
The size and arrangement of micro-structures are simulated using Lighttools software Lighttools based on a Monte Carlo ray tracing. The influence of the magnitude and arrangement of semispheres or V-Cut on the optical properties of the optical plate is analyzed by using this method. By analyzing the simulation results, we got the light guide plate with better optical properties.
This paper introduces the principle of the test equipment of uniformity and diffusion capacity, and also the optical properties testing method. By this method, we test the transmittance, uniformity and diffusion capacity of the fabricated diffuser plates. Analyzing the simulation results, we find the diffusion capacity of diffuser with quadrihedrons is the best and the uniformity of the diffuser with V-cut is the best.Finally, we simulate the four diffusers by optical software and contrast the simulation and equipment results.
引文
[1]罗建华.超薄导光板的微注射成型及其工艺参数的优化[D].中南大学,2006
[2]杰瑞OLED显示原理[J].电器评介,2004,11：33-34
[3]赵斌.LCD性能测试及系统开发[D].东南大学,2007
[4]郭铭丰.导光板微结构之最佳化光学设计与模拟[D].台湾：台湾中兴大学,2007
[5]李金莲,杨贯榆.LED背光模组中导光板的微结构与其排列规则对光辉度与均匀度之影响[J].台北科技大学学报,2009,42(2)：38-38
[6]Jeong J. S., Jung J. K., Park S. D. Reliability improvement of InGaN LED backlight module by accelerated life test (ALT) and screen policy of potential leakage LED [J]. Microelectronics Reliability, 48(2008):1216-1220
[7]Li Z., Xin Z., Jin L., et al. Microfabrication of a Diffractive Microlens Array on n-GaAs by an Efficient Electrochemical Method [J]. Advanced Materials,2007:1-7
[8]李海峰,杨柏梁,马凤雷.高品质液晶显示器用轻薄背光源技术要点[J].2003,18(1)：58-62
[9]许玮宗.新型导光板对背光模组暗区现象消除之研究[D].台湾：台湾中山大学,2008
[10]温志勇,谢祥辉.高效能导光板之微微结构排布设计与分析[J].台湾科学与工程技术期刊,2008,3(3)：1-5
[11]Tsuyoshi I., et al. Surface light source device of side light type having diffusing element with improved distribution pattern of light [P]. United States Patent, PN.5921651,1999
[12]Chang S. I., Yoon J. B., Kim H. K., et al, Micro-lens array diffuser for a light-emitting diode backlight system [J], Opt. Lett.,2006,31:3016-3018
[13]Lu Y., Yin Y. D., Xia Y. N., Yu Lu, A Self-Assembly Approach to the Fabrication of Patterned, Two-Dimensional Arrays of Microlenses of Organic Polymers [J]. Adv. Mater.,2001,13(1):34-38
[14]臧金浩.侧入式LED导光板结构的设计与优化[D].西北大学,2008
[15]Chien K. W., Shieh H. P. Design and fabrication of an integrated polarized light guide for liquid-crystal-display illmination [J]. Applied Optics,2004,43(9):1830-1834
[16]蒋金波,杜雪,李荣彬等.用于手机背光模组的轮廓渐变V-槽形自由曲面结构的新颖设计[J].液晶与显示,2005,20(3)：178-184
[17]Chang J. G., Fang Y. B. Dot Pattern Design of Light Guide in Edge-lit Backlight Using Regional Partition Approach. Opt. Eng.,2007,46 (4) 043002
[18]鄢泽林,徐平等.背光照明系统导光板[J].激光杂志,2006,27(3)：1-3
[19]Li Y. L., Li T. T., Jiao G. H., et al. Research on micro-optical lenses fabrication technology[J]. Science Direct,2007(118):395-401
[20]龚莹,蒋中伟等.飞秒激光双光子微细加工技术及研究现状[J].光学技术,2004,30(5)：637-640
[21]Ho C. M., Tai Y. C., Micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) and fluid flows [J]. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.,1998,30:579-612
[22]Okumura T., Tagaya A., Koie Y, et al. Highly Scattering Optical Transmission Polymer and Its application for LCD Display [J]. Proc. SPIE,2002,4918:44-51
[23]Choi W. M., Park O., The fabrication of submicron patterns on curved substrates using a polydimethylsioxane film mould [J]. Nanotechnology,2004,15:1767-1770
[24]郑荣伟.平面显示器原理与制程实作[M].台湾：全华科技图书股份有限公司,2008
[25]宋志成.基于视差障栅原理的立体显示光学系统的研究[D].合肥工业大学,2007
[26]Di F.,Guo F.,Yan et al.high quality quality light guide plates that can control the illmination angle based on micro-prism structures[J]. Appl. Phys. Lett.,2004,85(24):6016-6018
[27]林来诚.液晶显示器背光技术动向[J].新电子,2002：178-182
[28]Xia Y.n Whitesides G. M., Micro-contact Printing with a cylindrical rolling stamp:A practical step toward automatic manufacturing of patterns with sub-micrometer sized features [J]. Adv. Mater.,1996,12: 1015-1017
[29]蔡振荣,吴恩柏.LED背光：助力大尺寸液晶电视显华彩,http://www.esmchina.com,2006
[30]Christoph F., Armin W., Florian K., et al. Effects and Components for Tunable Micro-optics [J]. IEEJ Trans,2007,2:232-248
[31]大尺寸LCD TV背光模块技术趋势[N].台湾科技日报,2007.1.21
[32]William C., Mara O., Liquid crystal flat panel display:manufacturing science & technology [J]. New York:Van Nostrand Reinhold,1993,126-134
[33]张自立.平板显示器的技术发展概况[J].舰船电子工程,2003,6：25-31
[34]李晓建.导光板的设计及制作方法研究[D].苏州大学,2009
[35]张兵.大尺寸TFT-LCD产品发展趋势[J].电子产品世界,2006(7)：108-111
[36]梁宏维·以特殊灯罩结构对LED光源与17寸液晶显示器侧照式背光模组研究设计[D]·台湾：台湾清华大学,2008
[37]Choi W. M., Park O. O., The fabrication of submicron patterns on curved substrates using a polydimethylsioxane film mould [J], Nanotechnology,2004,15:1767-1770
[38]中国LED发展概述-http://www.china-led.net
[39]Zhao F., Derlofske J. V. Side-emitting illminators using LED source [J]. Proceedings of SPIE-Photonics West, Aug., Ukraine,2003,51(86):33-43
[40]张哲豪.流体微热压制程开发研究[D].台湾：台湾大学,2003
[41]吴美钧等.基础光学教程[M].华中师范大学出版社
[42]杨蔑[译],Max Born and Emil Wolf. Principles of Optics [M].北京：电子工业出版社,2005.3-10
[43]耿继业,何建娃.几何光学[M].台湾：全华科技图书.2001.106-350
[44]李农,杨燕译.照明手册[M].北京：科学出版社,2003.65-66
[45]李林.应用光学[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2010.10-41
[46]应根裕,胡文波.平板显示技术[M].北京：人民邮电出版社.2002.22-24
[47]姚启钧.光学教程[M].高等教育出版社.2003
[48]郑凯.白光半导体LED发光效率的计算[D].长春理工大学,2009
[49]郁道银,谈恒英.工程光学[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1999.193-195
[50]陈锡桓.光学近代物理[M].台湾：中央图书出版社
[51]Chang J. G, Fang Y. B., Feasibility study of edge-lit backlight of dual-panel display by a simple configuration model [J]. Science Direct,2008,29:285-296
Verma C. B., Singh U. K., Singh V. B., et al. Confocal and concentric annular elliptic light guides and their modal characteristics[J]. Optik,2001,112:105-108
[53]Sun Z. H., Chang J., Zhao N., et al. Research of diffusing plates for LCD backlights [J]. Science Direct, 2008,29:275-281
[54]GB/T 2410-2008,透明塑料透光率和雾度试验方法[S],2008
[55]董翀,姜言森等.侧光式LED背光源的导光板网点设计[J].应用光学,2008,29(5)：689-692
[56]Borrell N. F. Micro-optics Technology [J]. New York, Basel,1999:59-105
[57]Skoch G J., Experimental investigation of diffuser hub injection to improve centrifugal compressor stability [J]. Journal of Turbomachinery-Transactions of The Asme,2005,127(1):107-117
[58]金鹏,叶浩.LightTools在LED背光设计中的应用[J].现代显示,2010,109：9-12
[59]Kim G. H., Park J. H., A PMMA optical diffuser fabricated using an electrospray method [J], Appl. Phys. A,86(2007):347-351
[60]Koichiro K. Technology of wide color gamut backlight with light-emitting diode for liquid crystal display television [J]. Japan. J. Appl. Phys.,2006,45:4302-4334
[61]《“十一五”城市绿色照明工程规划纲要》,2006,7
[2]杰瑞OLED显示原理[J].电器评介,2004,11：33-34
[3]赵斌.LCD性能测试及系统开发[D].东南大学,2007
[4]郭铭丰.导光板微结构之最佳化光学设计与模拟[D].台湾：台湾中兴大学,2007
[5]李金莲,杨贯榆.LED背光模组中导光板的微结构与其排列规则对光辉度与均匀度之影响[J].台北科技大学学报,2009,42(2)：38-38
[6]Jeong J. S., Jung J. K., Park S. D. Reliability improvement of InGaN LED backlight module by accelerated life test (ALT) and screen policy of potential leakage LED [J]. Microelectronics Reliability, 48(2008):1216-1220
[7]Li Z., Xin Z., Jin L., et al. Microfabrication of a Diffractive Microlens Array on n-GaAs by an Efficient Electrochemical Method [J]. Advanced Materials,2007:1-7
[8]李海峰,杨柏梁,马凤雷.高品质液晶显示器用轻薄背光源技术要点[J].2003,18(1)：58-62
[9]许玮宗.新型导光板对背光模组暗区现象消除之研究[D].台湾：台湾中山大学,2008
[10]温志勇,谢祥辉.高效能导光板之微微结构排布设计与分析[J].台湾科学与工程技术期刊,2008,3(3)：1-5
[11]Tsuyoshi I., et al. Surface light source device of side light type having diffusing element with improved distribution pattern of light [P]. United States Patent, PN.5921651,1999
[12]Chang S. I., Yoon J. B., Kim H. K., et al, Micro-lens array diffuser for a light-emitting diode backlight system [J], Opt. Lett.,2006,31:3016-3018
[13]Lu Y., Yin Y. D., Xia Y. N., Yu Lu, A Self-Assembly Approach to the Fabrication of Patterned, Two-Dimensional Arrays of Microlenses of Organic Polymers [J]. Adv. Mater.,2001,13(1):34-38
[14]臧金浩.侧入式LED导光板结构的设计与优化[D].西北大学,2008
[15]Chien K. W., Shieh H. P. Design and fabrication of an integrated polarized light guide for liquid-crystal-display illmination [J]. Applied Optics,2004,43(9):1830-1834
[16]蒋金波,杜雪,李荣彬等.用于手机背光模组的轮廓渐变V-槽形自由曲面结构的新颖设计[J].液晶与显示,2005,20(3)：178-184
[17]Chang J. G., Fang Y. B. Dot Pattern Design of Light Guide in Edge-lit Backlight Using Regional Partition Approach. Opt. Eng.,2007,46 (4) 043002
[18]鄢泽林,徐平等.背光照明系统导光板[J].激光杂志,2006,27(3)：1-3
[19]Li Y. L., Li T. T., Jiao G. H., et al. Research on micro-optical lenses fabrication technology[J]. Science Direct,2007(118):395-401
[20]龚莹,蒋中伟等.飞秒激光双光子微细加工技术及研究现状[J].光学技术,2004,30(5)：637-640
[21]Ho C. M., Tai Y. C., Micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) and fluid flows [J]. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.,1998,30:579-612
[22]Okumura T., Tagaya A., Koie Y, et al. Highly Scattering Optical Transmission Polymer and Its application for LCD Display [J]. Proc. SPIE,2002,4918:44-51
[23]Choi W. M., Park O., The fabrication of submicron patterns on curved substrates using a polydimethylsioxane film mould [J]. Nanotechnology,2004,15:1767-1770
[24]郑荣伟.平面显示器原理与制程实作[M].台湾：全华科技图书股份有限公司,2008
[25]宋志成.基于视差障栅原理的立体显示光学系统的研究[D].合肥工业大学,2007
[26]Di F.,Guo F.,Yan et al.high quality quality light guide plates that can control the illmination angle based on micro-prism structures[J]. Appl. Phys. Lett.,2004,85(24):6016-6018
[27]林来诚.液晶显示器背光技术动向[J].新电子,2002：178-182
[28]Xia Y.n Whitesides G. M., Micro-contact Printing with a cylindrical rolling stamp:A practical step toward automatic manufacturing of patterns with sub-micrometer sized features [J]. Adv. Mater.,1996,12: 1015-1017
[29]蔡振荣,吴恩柏.LED背光：助力大尺寸液晶电视显华彩,http://www.esmchina.com,2006
[30]Christoph F., Armin W., Florian K., et al. Effects and Components for Tunable Micro-optics [J]. IEEJ Trans,2007,2:232-248
[31]大尺寸LCD TV背光模块技术趋势[N].台湾科技日报,2007.1.21
[32]William C., Mara O., Liquid crystal flat panel display:manufacturing science & technology [J]. New York:Van Nostrand Reinhold,1993,126-134
[33]张自立.平板显示器的技术发展概况[J].舰船电子工程,2003,6：25-31
[34]李晓建.导光板的设计及制作方法研究[D].苏州大学,2009
[35]张兵.大尺寸TFT-LCD产品发展趋势[J].电子产品世界,2006(7)：108-111
[36]梁宏维·以特殊灯罩结构对LED光源与17寸液晶显示器侧照式背光模组研究设计[D]·台湾：台湾清华大学,2008
[37]Choi W. M., Park O. O., The fabrication of submicron patterns on curved substrates using a polydimethylsioxane film mould [J], Nanotechnology,2004,15:1767-1770
[38]中国LED发展概述-http://www.china-led.net
[39]Zhao F., Derlofske J. V. Side-emitting illminators using LED source [J]. Proceedings of SPIE-Photonics West, Aug., Ukraine,2003,51(86):33-43
[40]张哲豪.流体微热压制程开发研究[D].台湾：台湾大学,2003
[41]吴美钧等.基础光学教程[M].华中师范大学出版社
[42]杨蔑[译],Max Born and Emil Wolf. Principles of Optics [M].北京：电子工业出版社,2005.3-10
[43]耿继业,何建娃.几何光学[M].台湾：全华科技图书.2001.106-350
[44]李农,杨燕译.照明手册[M].北京：科学出版社,2003.65-66
[45]李林.应用光学[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2010.10-41
[46]应根裕,胡文波.平板显示技术[M].北京：人民邮电出版社.2002.22-24
[47]姚启钧.光学教程[M].高等教育出版社.2003
[48]郑凯.白光半导体LED发光效率的计算[D].长春理工大学,2009
[49]郁道银,谈恒英.工程光学[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1999.193-195
[50]陈锡桓.光学近代物理[M].台湾：中央图书出版社
[51]Chang J. G, Fang Y. B., Feasibility study of edge-lit backlight of dual-panel display by a simple configuration model [J]. Science Direct,2008,29:285-296
Verma C. B., Singh U. K., Singh V. B., et al. Confocal and concentric annular elliptic light guides and their modal characteristics[J]. Optik,2001,112:105-108
[53]Sun Z. H., Chang J., Zhao N., et al. Research of diffusing plates for LCD backlights [J]. Science Direct, 2008,29:275-281
[54]GB/T 2410-2008,透明塑料透光率和雾度试验方法[S],2008
[55]董翀,姜言森等.侧光式LED背光源的导光板网点设计[J].应用光学,2008,29(5)：689-692
[56]Borrell N. F. Micro-optics Technology [J]. New York, Basel,1999:59-105
[57]Skoch G J., Experimental investigation of diffuser hub injection to improve centrifugal compressor stability [J]. Journal of Turbomachinery-Transactions of The Asme,2005,127(1):107-117
[58]金鹏,叶浩.LightTools在LED背光设计中的应用[J].现代显示,2010,109：9-12
[59]Kim G. H., Park J. H., A PMMA optical diffuser fabricated using an electrospray method [J], Appl. Phys. A,86(2007):347-351
[60]Koichiro K. Technology of wide color gamut backlight with light-emitting diode for liquid crystal display television [J]. Japan. J. Appl. Phys.,2006,45:4302-4334
[61]《“十一五”城市绿色照明工程规划纲要》,2006,7