炉膛结构对循环流化床气固流动特性影响的研究
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摘要
循环流化床作为一项高效、清洁的燃烧技术近年来有了迅速发展,特别是随着循环流化床机组呈现大型化高参数化的发展趋势,炉膛结构布置对炉内气固流动特性的影响是该技术发展的关键问题之一。本文依托十一五国家科技支撑计划子课题项目《超临界循环流化床锅炉整体布置方案》,开展了炉膛结构对床内气固流动分布特性影响的试验研究和数值模拟计算工作,为研究开发设计具有自主知识产权的600MW超临界循环流化床锅炉提供理论基础。
本文首先在自行搭建的350m×480m×4.9m的矩形截面冷态循环流化床试验台上,利用高速摄影技术和粒子图像测速(PIV)以及PC6D型光纤颗粒浓度探针,对试验台密相区、过渡区、稀相区段内的颗粒速度浓度分布情况进行了试验测量,着重考察了不同结构布置(不同密相区结构、过渡区后墙台阶、二次风口、稀相区挂屏以及炉膛出口大小,布置位置等)对炉内的局部区域的气固流动分布的影响。
试验结果表明当密相区采用单侧后墙渐扩型结构时,床内底部颗粒的流动速度及浓度分布在前后墙方向上均呈非中心对称分布,气泡和颗粒向渐扩的后墙方向偏转且返混现象剧烈,后墙附近区域颗粒浓度明显高于前墙；过渡区截面内后墙台阶结构的布置改变了该区域的气固流动分布,在靠近台阶区域,颗粒流动偏转现象明显,台阶结构的上下两端均易出现大量颗粒的聚集和碰撞；稀相区段的气固流动分布则主要受出口效应控制,颗粒速度和浓度的最大值分布于出口位置处。加大炉膛出口尺寸后,稀相区段颗粒相的径向速度增加明显,同时稀相区颗粒浓度略有增加；稀相区屏式过热器的布置增加了该区域的壁面约束,在挂屏间隔区域颗粒流动呈现类似“环核”结构的分布情况,同时在挂屏边壁区域有明显的较高浓度的颗粒回流形成。
其次本文通过对循环流化床内气固流动数值模拟方法和模型的综述与比较,特别是考虑到前期气固流动模拟中传统曳力模型的局限,引入了基于能量最小多尺度(EMMS)模型的新曳力计算方法,并结合以颗粒动力学理论为基础的双流体模型,利用Fluent6.3计算软件对循环流化床冷态试验台及多结构方案布置的600MW超临界循环流化床锅炉内的气固流动特性进行了数值模拟和分析,重考察了不同出口布置方式,稀相区挂屏布置方式和底部密相区结构等对炉内流动情况的影响。数值模拟计算结果表明：炉内颗粒浓度的轴向分布以裤衩腿高度为分界,在底部裤衩腿区域,颗粒的浓度分布和速度分布在床层径向方向上呈现明显的“w”和“M”形分布；与试验结果相对应,炉膛出口的布置情况决定了稀相区截面内气固流动分布,在采用出口紧凑布置时,炉膛各出口流率分布均匀,波动较小,增加分离器数量有利于出口流率的均匀分布；加入挂屏布置后,稀相区段颗粒浓度整体有所增加,同时在挂屏非均匀布置条件下,炉膛出口流率不均匀性增加,而采用挂屏均匀布置后,各出口流率变化不大,均匀性较好；采用单炉膛密相区结构时,炉膛底部区域的颗粒浓度要略大于双炉膛裤衩腿布置方式,另外受二次风穿透能力影响,单炉膛布置的底部截面中心位置处颗粒的径向混合较差,局部的高浓度和低浓度均有出现。
最后结合冷态试验和实炉尺寸循环流化床气固流动数值模拟的计算结果,本文给出了600MW超临界循环流化床整体布置方案的设计建议。
As a high effitient and clear coal combustion technology, the circulating fluidiszed bed technology has developed quickly in recent years. At present, the research works are focused on improving the capacity and high steam parameters of CFB boilers.During this largh-scale process, understanding the effects of furnace structure arrangement on gas-solid flow properties has became one of the key technology. By sponsor of the Key Projects in the National Science&Technology Pillar Program during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan Period, in this paper, the experiment and numerical simulation research work on the effects of furnace strcutual feature points on the hydrodynamic characteristics were carried out and this paper also provides reference for the design of600MW supercritical CFB boiler at last.
In this paper, experiment measurements and analysis were carried out in a plexiglas rectangular cross-section CFB cold model with the cross-section of350×480mm2and the height of4.9m. A high-speed camera combined with the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology and PC-6D reflective-type optical fiber concentration probe were used to investigate the particles velocity and concentration field distribution under different kinds of operating conditions. The transparent glass bead was used as bed materials. The influences of the structural feature points (as the structure of the dense zone, the structure of the transition zone, the furnace exit position and the screen arrangement) on the gas-solid flow characteristics in the riser were investigated.
The experiment results showed that:the gas-solid flow pattern in the dense zone was significantly affected by the structure of the dense region. Particles movement was dominated by bubble wake and inclined to the rear wall on the influence of expanding cross-section of rear wall, and the radial distribution of solid concentration was asymmetry, the partical local volumn concentration near the rear wall was higher than that near the front wall. The gas-solid flow pattern in the transition region was typical core-anuular distribution, and the projection section in transition region decreased the flow area and increased the particle lateral velocity.In the dilute region the furnace hydrodynamics was controlled by the furnace extit effect, the particles local velocity and volumn concentration reached the maxim near the exit poisiton. The size of the furnace exit affected the solid radial velocity distinctly and the influence on axial velocity distribution was limited. The superheater screen arrangement increased the wall boundary control in the dilute region, and the particles movement in the area was controlled by the gas flow and the constrain of the screen wall. High particle concentration areas and solid back-flow were more easily formed near the screen.
At last, under the support of the Fluent computationl software, this paper simulated the hydrodynamic characteristics of the CFB cold-model bed and6kinds of600MW supercritical CFB boilers with different structural features using Two-Fluid Model (TFM) combined with the Kinetic Theory of Granular Flow (KTGF). Concidering the defects of the tradial drag coefficient correlations, a new based on EMMS model drag coefficient computational method was adapted. According to the simulation results, the influence of furnace outlet arrangement, the superheater screen and the dense region structure on the gas-solid flow pattern were investigated.
The simulaition results show that:along the axial height of the furnace, dense reigon existed stably under the height of the pant-legs and the solids volumn concentration and velocity radial distribution in this area were typical "W" and "M" shape; The gas-solid two phase flow pattern in the up diliute region were controlled by the outlets arrangement.When the outlets arrangement were compact mode, the fluctuation of the furnace outlet rate increased apparently, but when increasing the number of the oulets, the fluctuation decreased; after the addition of the super-heater screens, the solid concentration in the whole dilute region and the flunctuation of the outlet rate increased correspondingly. Considering the penetration of the secondary air, when single furnace bottom mode was adapted, the solids mixing and uniforimity condition in the bottom region was worse than that in the pant-legs bottom structure..
本文首先在自行搭建的350m×480m×4.9m的矩形截面冷态循环流化床试验台上,利用高速摄影技术和粒子图像测速(PIV)以及PC6D型光纤颗粒浓度探针,对试验台密相区、过渡区、稀相区段内的颗粒速度浓度分布情况进行了试验测量,着重考察了不同结构布置(不同密相区结构、过渡区后墙台阶、二次风口、稀相区挂屏以及炉膛出口大小,布置位置等)对炉内的局部区域的气固流动分布的影响。
试验结果表明当密相区采用单侧后墙渐扩型结构时,床内底部颗粒的流动速度及浓度分布在前后墙方向上均呈非中心对称分布,气泡和颗粒向渐扩的后墙方向偏转且返混现象剧烈,后墙附近区域颗粒浓度明显高于前墙；过渡区截面内后墙台阶结构的布置改变了该区域的气固流动分布,在靠近台阶区域,颗粒流动偏转现象明显,台阶结构的上下两端均易出现大量颗粒的聚集和碰撞；稀相区段的气固流动分布则主要受出口效应控制,颗粒速度和浓度的最大值分布于出口位置处。加大炉膛出口尺寸后,稀相区段颗粒相的径向速度增加明显,同时稀相区颗粒浓度略有增加；稀相区屏式过热器的布置增加了该区域的壁面约束,在挂屏间隔区域颗粒流动呈现类似“环核”结构的分布情况,同时在挂屏边壁区域有明显的较高浓度的颗粒回流形成。
其次本文通过对循环流化床内气固流动数值模拟方法和模型的综述与比较,特别是考虑到前期气固流动模拟中传统曳力模型的局限,引入了基于能量最小多尺度(EMMS)模型的新曳力计算方法,并结合以颗粒动力学理论为基础的双流体模型,利用Fluent6.3计算软件对循环流化床冷态试验台及多结构方案布置的600MW超临界循环流化床锅炉内的气固流动特性进行了数值模拟和分析,重考察了不同出口布置方式,稀相区挂屏布置方式和底部密相区结构等对炉内流动情况的影响。数值模拟计算结果表明：炉内颗粒浓度的轴向分布以裤衩腿高度为分界,在底部裤衩腿区域,颗粒的浓度分布和速度分布在床层径向方向上呈现明显的“w”和“M”形分布；与试验结果相对应,炉膛出口的布置情况决定了稀相区截面内气固流动分布,在采用出口紧凑布置时,炉膛各出口流率分布均匀,波动较小,增加分离器数量有利于出口流率的均匀分布；加入挂屏布置后,稀相区段颗粒浓度整体有所增加,同时在挂屏非均匀布置条件下,炉膛出口流率不均匀性增加,而采用挂屏均匀布置后,各出口流率变化不大,均匀性较好；采用单炉膛密相区结构时,炉膛底部区域的颗粒浓度要略大于双炉膛裤衩腿布置方式,另外受二次风穿透能力影响,单炉膛布置的底部截面中心位置处颗粒的径向混合较差,局部的高浓度和低浓度均有出现。
最后结合冷态试验和实炉尺寸循环流化床气固流动数值模拟的计算结果,本文给出了600MW超临界循环流化床整体布置方案的设计建议。
As a high effitient and clear coal combustion technology, the circulating fluidiszed bed technology has developed quickly in recent years. At present, the research works are focused on improving the capacity and high steam parameters of CFB boilers.During this largh-scale process, understanding the effects of furnace structure arrangement on gas-solid flow properties has became one of the key technology. By sponsor of the Key Projects in the National Science&Technology Pillar Program during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan Period, in this paper, the experiment and numerical simulation research work on the effects of furnace strcutual feature points on the hydrodynamic characteristics were carried out and this paper also provides reference for the design of600MW supercritical CFB boiler at last.
In this paper, experiment measurements and analysis were carried out in a plexiglas rectangular cross-section CFB cold model with the cross-section of350×480mm2and the height of4.9m. A high-speed camera combined with the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology and PC-6D reflective-type optical fiber concentration probe were used to investigate the particles velocity and concentration field distribution under different kinds of operating conditions. The transparent glass bead was used as bed materials. The influences of the structural feature points (as the structure of the dense zone, the structure of the transition zone, the furnace exit position and the screen arrangement) on the gas-solid flow characteristics in the riser were investigated.
The experiment results showed that:the gas-solid flow pattern in the dense zone was significantly affected by the structure of the dense region. Particles movement was dominated by bubble wake and inclined to the rear wall on the influence of expanding cross-section of rear wall, and the radial distribution of solid concentration was asymmetry, the partical local volumn concentration near the rear wall was higher than that near the front wall. The gas-solid flow pattern in the transition region was typical core-anuular distribution, and the projection section in transition region decreased the flow area and increased the particle lateral velocity.In the dilute region the furnace hydrodynamics was controlled by the furnace extit effect, the particles local velocity and volumn concentration reached the maxim near the exit poisiton. The size of the furnace exit affected the solid radial velocity distinctly and the influence on axial velocity distribution was limited. The superheater screen arrangement increased the wall boundary control in the dilute region, and the particles movement in the area was controlled by the gas flow and the constrain of the screen wall. High particle concentration areas and solid back-flow were more easily formed near the screen.
At last, under the support of the Fluent computationl software, this paper simulated the hydrodynamic characteristics of the CFB cold-model bed and6kinds of600MW supercritical CFB boilers with different structural features using Two-Fluid Model (TFM) combined with the Kinetic Theory of Granular Flow (KTGF). Concidering the defects of the tradial drag coefficient correlations, a new based on EMMS model drag coefficient computational method was adapted. According to the simulation results, the influence of furnace outlet arrangement, the superheater screen and the dense region structure on the gas-solid flow pattern were investigated.
The simulaition results show that:along the axial height of the furnace, dense reigon existed stably under the height of the pant-legs and the solids volumn concentration and velocity radial distribution in this area were typical "W" and "M" shape; The gas-solid two phase flow pattern in the up diliute region were controlled by the outlets arrangement.When the outlets arrangement were compact mode, the fluctuation of the furnace outlet rate increased apparently, but when increasing the number of the oulets, the fluctuation decreased; after the addition of the super-heater screens, the solid concentration in the whole dilute region and the flunctuation of the outlet rate increased correspondingly. Considering the penetration of the secondary air, when single furnace bottom mode was adapted, the solids mixing and uniforimity condition in the bottom region was worse than that in the pant-legs bottom structure..
引文
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