基于单片机的超声波淤泥界面检测系统的开发
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摘要
沉淀池是污水处理工程中的一个重要部分,对于沉淀池淤泥界面的测量目前国内普遍采用插杆目测或使用进口设备进行测量。前者方法简陋,测量误差大,而进口设备价格昂贵。所以面对我国污水处理厂的形势,研制一种成本低廉,便于国产化的淤泥界面测量系统具有非常重要的现实意义。
本论文课题针对淤泥界面的检测展开工作,系统地分析了超声测距的基本原理,对超声波测距的误差精度进行了详细分析,提出一种基于AT89C51单片机的超声波淤泥界面检测系统。该系统由单片机,超声波发射电路,超声波接收电路,温度补偿电路,LED显示器等主要部分组成。该系统能够实现了对沉淀池内淤泥界面进行自动测量,并显示出来当前的界面位置,由于系统采用了温度补偿电路,提高了系统的测量精度。本课题的研究成功将有利于提高我国目前污水处理的自动化水平,提高劳动生产率、节能、降耗和降低污水处理厂建设及污水处理的单位运行成本费用。
本论文内容即根据上述内容展开讨论:
第一章介绍本课题的项目背景、目的和意义及本课题使用的相关检测技术的发展现状。
第二章详细地分析了超声波检测技术的方法和原理。
第三章给出了超声波进行界面检测的工作原理,并进行了误差分析,提出了时间误差和温度误差的补偿方法,设计了超声波淤泥界面检测系统的总体方案。
第四章详细论述了系统的硬件组成电路,并进行了各功能模块的设计。
第五章从软件体系结构的角度,对系统软件的总体设计和各个功能模块的设计作了详细介绍。
Sedimentation tanks are one of the most important parts of sewage treatment works. Workers generally use sticks or imported instruments to measure sludge interface of the sedimentation tank in our country. The former is not only a simple and crude method but also not accurate while using imported instruments are very expensive, so it has a very important practical significance to develop a low-cost, homemade sludge interface system.
This paper studies the detection of sludge interface in the sewage treatment factory. It analyzes the basic principles of the ultrasonic distance measurement by the numbers and gives a detailed analysis on error and precision of ultrasonic ranging. It presents a ultrasonic sludge interface detection system based on the AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer.The system consists of single-chip microcomputer, ultrasonic transmitter circuit, ultrasonic receiver circuit, temperature compensation circuit, LED display, and other major components. The system can realize automatic measurement of the sludge interface in the sedimentation tank, and show the current location of the interface. Because the system uses a temperature compensation circuit, it improves the measuring accuracy. The successful research of the issue will be conductive to improving China’s current level of automation in sewage treatment, improve productivity, conserve energy and reduce the unit cost of the sewage treatment plant construction and the operation of sewage treatment.
The paper will include five sections:
The chapter one introduces the background, meaning of the item and the development status of related detection technology.
The chapter two analyzes the methods and principles of the ultrasonic detection technology in detail.
The chapter three describes the working principle of the ultrasonic interface detection, carries out the error analysis, proposes the methods to compensate the time error and temperature error, and finally design the overall program of ultrasonic sludge interface detection system.
The chapter four describes the hardware component circuit in detail, and gives the design of every functional module of the system hardware.
The chapter five describes the overall software design of the system and the design of every functional module in detail from the perspective of software architecture.
本论文课题针对淤泥界面的检测展开工作,系统地分析了超声测距的基本原理,对超声波测距的误差精度进行了详细分析,提出一种基于AT89C51单片机的超声波淤泥界面检测系统。该系统由单片机,超声波发射电路,超声波接收电路,温度补偿电路,LED显示器等主要部分组成。该系统能够实现了对沉淀池内淤泥界面进行自动测量,并显示出来当前的界面位置,由于系统采用了温度补偿电路,提高了系统的测量精度。本课题的研究成功将有利于提高我国目前污水处理的自动化水平,提高劳动生产率、节能、降耗和降低污水处理厂建设及污水处理的单位运行成本费用。
本论文内容即根据上述内容展开讨论:
第一章介绍本课题的项目背景、目的和意义及本课题使用的相关检测技术的发展现状。
第二章详细地分析了超声波检测技术的方法和原理。
第三章给出了超声波进行界面检测的工作原理,并进行了误差分析,提出了时间误差和温度误差的补偿方法,设计了超声波淤泥界面检测系统的总体方案。
第四章详细论述了系统的硬件组成电路,并进行了各功能模块的设计。
第五章从软件体系结构的角度,对系统软件的总体设计和各个功能模块的设计作了详细介绍。
Sedimentation tanks are one of the most important parts of sewage treatment works. Workers generally use sticks or imported instruments to measure sludge interface of the sedimentation tank in our country. The former is not only a simple and crude method but also not accurate while using imported instruments are very expensive, so it has a very important practical significance to develop a low-cost, homemade sludge interface system.
This paper studies the detection of sludge interface in the sewage treatment factory. It analyzes the basic principles of the ultrasonic distance measurement by the numbers and gives a detailed analysis on error and precision of ultrasonic ranging. It presents a ultrasonic sludge interface detection system based on the AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer.The system consists of single-chip microcomputer, ultrasonic transmitter circuit, ultrasonic receiver circuit, temperature compensation circuit, LED display, and other major components. The system can realize automatic measurement of the sludge interface in the sedimentation tank, and show the current location of the interface. Because the system uses a temperature compensation circuit, it improves the measuring accuracy. The successful research of the issue will be conductive to improving China’s current level of automation in sewage treatment, improve productivity, conserve energy and reduce the unit cost of the sewage treatment plant construction and the operation of sewage treatment.
The paper will include five sections:
The chapter one introduces the background, meaning of the item and the development status of related detection technology.
The chapter two analyzes the methods and principles of the ultrasonic detection technology in detail.
The chapter three describes the working principle of the ultrasonic interface detection, carries out the error analysis, proposes the methods to compensate the time error and temperature error, and finally design the overall program of ultrasonic sludge interface detection system.
The chapter four describes the hardware component circuit in detail, and gives the design of every functional module of the system hardware.
The chapter five describes the overall software design of the system and the design of every functional module in detail from the perspective of software architecture.
引文
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[6] J. Salazar,A.Turo,G..Espinosa,M.Garcia.A theoretical approach for short pulse generation using the double-pulse excitation[J],IEEE Trans. Instrum.Meas. Technology Conference,IMTC-96. Conference Proceeedings,1996,1:394-398
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[10] Carullo A,Ferraris F.Ultrasonic distance sensor improvement using a two-level- network[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation andMeasurement,1996,45(20): 677-682
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[12] 魏绍亮,陈一民.基于最小二乘法的超声波传感器拟合与测距实现研究[J].传感器世界,2004,7:30-33
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[27] Figneroa,JF,Lamancusa J.S.A method for accurate detection of time of arrive: Analysis and design of an ultrasonic ranging system[J].J.Acoust Soc.Am,1992, 91(1):486-494
[28] 张峰.基于 80C196KB 的智能化污泥界面测量系统的设计与实现[D].东南大学,2004,3
[29] 张卫东等.超声测距系统中的误差来源及补偿[M].北京:应用声学,1994,13(6):56-70
[30] 蒋跃元等.自校准超声波液位测量的研究[M].北京:中国石化出版社,1998:263-270
[31] 李旭东,杨芸等.废水处理技术及工程应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003:260-270
[32] 熊宜栋,马志敏,贾嘉.超声波在渠道水位测量中的应用[J].农田水利与小水电.1994,(11):31-34
[33] 马志敏,贾嘉,熊宜栋等.超声波在两种液态介质界面位置检测中的应用[J]. 武汉水利电力大学学报,2000,33(3):109-111
[34] 马志敏,贾嘉.超声液体界面检测仪[J].自动化仪表,1999,20(7):18-20
[35] Roman Kuc.Three-dimensional tracking using qualitative bionic sonar.Robotics and Autonomous System.1993,11:213-219
[36] 同济大学声学研究室.超声工业测量技术第一版[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1997:254-260
[37] 关云龙.超声检测[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1987:304-315
[38] Rangwala S,Dornfeld D A.Sensor Integration Using Neural Networks for Intelligent Tool Condition Monitoring.Trans of ASME, Journal of Engineering for Industry, 1990,112(8):219-228
[39] 路德明.水声换能器原理[M].青岛:青岛海洋大学出版社,2001:150-165
[40] 王立言,公共信道信号[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1993:179-201
[41] 孙晓峰,周盛.气动声学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1994:98-112
[42] C.Canali et al.A temperature compensated ultrasonic sensor operating in air for distance and proximity measurements[J].IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.1989,36(8):338-348
[43] 姜道连,宁延一,袁世良.用 AT89C2051 设计超声波测距仪[J].国外电子元器件,2000,(12):31-34
[44] Bill Triggs.Model–based sonar localization for mobile robots.Robotics and Autonomous System[J].1994,12:173-186
[45] 许天增,许克平等.超声传输特性和超声传感系统研究[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2005,(2):303-310
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[2] D.Marioli,E.Sardini,A.Taroni.Ultrasonic distance measurement for linear and angular position control[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement ,1988,37(12):578-581
[3] C.Cai,P.L.Regtien.Accurate digital time off light measurement using self- interference [J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 1993, 42(12):990-994
[4] D. Marioli,C. Narduzzi,C. Offelli,D.Petri,E.Sardini,A.Taroni.Digital time-of- flight measurement for ultrasonic sensors[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,1992,41(2):93-97
[5] C. C. Tong,J. Fernando Figueroa,Enrique Barbieri.A method for short or long range time-of-flight measurements using phase-detection with an analog circuit[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measuremen,2001,50(5):1324-1328
[6] J. Salazar,A.Turo,G..Espinosa,M.Garcia.A theoretical approach for short pulse generation using the double-pulse excitation[J],IEEE Trans. Instrum.Meas. Technology Conference,IMTC-96. Conference Proceeedings,1996,1:394-398
[7] A.Carullo,M.Parvis.An ultrasonic sensor for distance measurement in automotive application[J]. IEEE sensors journal,2001,1(2):143-146
[8] J Fernando Figueroa,John S,Lamancusa.A method for accurate detection of time of arrival:analysis and design of an ultrasonic ranging system[J].The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1992,91(1):486-494
[9] 童峰,许水源,许天增.一种高精度超声波测距处理方法[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),1998,37(4):507-512
[10] Carullo A,Ferraris F.Ultrasonic distance sensor improvement using a two-level- network[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation andMeasurement,1996,45(20): 677-682
[11] 杨媛,高勇,李福德,沈俊.提高超声波检测系统信噪比的理论研究及检测控制方案[J].计量学报,2001,22(4):317-319
[12] 魏绍亮,陈一民.基于最小二乘法的超声波传感器拟合与测距实现研究[J].传感器世界,2004,7:30-33
[13] M. Parrilla,J. J. Anaya,C. Fritsch.Digital signal processing techniques for high accuracy ultrasonic range measurements[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,1991,40(8):759-763
[14] 刘克斌,高占凤.超声波检测技术中的数字信号处理方法[J].河北科技大学学报,1999,20(4):68-72
[15] 毛捷,简晓明,李明轩等.信号处理在超声检测中的应用[J].应用声学,2000,19(3):45-47
[16] 刘照升,宋作忠.小波分析在超声测试信号分析中的应用[J].哈尔滨师范大学自然科学学报,2000,16(4):10-12
[17] 马宏伟,王彬.小波变换在超声检测信号去噪中的应用[J].无损检测,2004,26(2):68-71
[18] 王朝阳,马殿旗.自动跟踪式污泥界面计的研究[J].微计算机信息,2003,19(4):51-52
[19] 张峰,余玲玲,周杏鹏.基于 80C196 单片机的淤泥界面测定仪[J].仪器仪表用户,2004,1:51-52
[20] 强锡富.传感器[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001:128-200
[21] 应崇福主编.超声学[M].北京:科学出版社,1993:28-30
[22] 王纯正.超声学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1993:89-100
[23] 胡建恺,张谦琳.超声检测原理和方法(第一版)[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1993,10:24-26
[24] 韩玲,彭光正,张金铎.新型超声波液位测试仪的设计[J].北京:现代科学仪器, 2006,2:23-25
[25] Barshan B.Kuc R..Asonar-like sonar system for obstacle localization[J].IEEE Trans On System Manand Cybemetics.1992,22(4):150-169
[26] 许天增,许克平.超声传输特性和超声传感系统研究[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版) ,2001,40: 303-310
[27] Figneroa,JF,Lamancusa J.S.A method for accurate detection of time of arrive: Analysis and design of an ultrasonic ranging system[J].J.Acoust Soc.Am,1992, 91(1):486-494
[28] 张峰.基于 80C196KB 的智能化污泥界面测量系统的设计与实现[D].东南大学,2004,3
[29] 张卫东等.超声测距系统中的误差来源及补偿[M].北京:应用声学,1994,13(6):56-70
[30] 蒋跃元等.自校准超声波液位测量的研究[M].北京:中国石化出版社,1998:263-270
[31] 李旭东,杨芸等.废水处理技术及工程应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003:260-270
[32] 熊宜栋,马志敏,贾嘉.超声波在渠道水位测量中的应用[J].农田水利与小水电.1994,(11):31-34
[33] 马志敏,贾嘉,熊宜栋等.超声波在两种液态介质界面位置检测中的应用[J]. 武汉水利电力大学学报,2000,33(3):109-111
[34] 马志敏,贾嘉.超声液体界面检测仪[J].自动化仪表,1999,20(7):18-20
[35] Roman Kuc.Three-dimensional tracking using qualitative bionic sonar.Robotics and Autonomous System.1993,11:213-219
[36] 同济大学声学研究室.超声工业测量技术第一版[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1997:254-260
[37] 关云龙.超声检测[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1987:304-315
[38] Rangwala S,Dornfeld D A.Sensor Integration Using Neural Networks for Intelligent Tool Condition Monitoring.Trans of ASME, Journal of Engineering for Industry, 1990,112(8):219-228
[39] 路德明.水声换能器原理[M].青岛:青岛海洋大学出版社,2001:150-165
[40] 王立言,公共信道信号[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1993:179-201
[41] 孙晓峰,周盛.气动声学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1994:98-112
[42] C.Canali et al.A temperature compensated ultrasonic sensor operating in air for distance and proximity measurements[J].IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.1989,36(8):338-348
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