轨道客车室内声学特性研究
摘要
为探索出一套能够用于轨道客车全频段噪声研究的较为合理和科学的建模和预测分析方法以及为车室内噪声控制与设计提供理论依据,最终提高室内噪声品质。本文以某碳钢卧铺车和高速动车组头车为研究对象,利用有限元法、边界元法和统计能量法对这两种客车室内声学特性进行研究。
首先,以某碳钢卧铺车为研究对象。在阅读大量文献和基本理论的同时,建立了某客车卧铺车厢高频噪声分析的整车统计能量分析模型,并确定了统计能量参数。通过施加轮轨噪声源激励载荷对该车室内噪声进行预测,并通过与实车测试的噪声实验数据进行比较来证实所建立模型的工程应用有效性;通过铺设阻尼材料和吸声材料来研究室内噪声的声压影响情况,从而,提出减振降噪的优化方案和预期要达到的效果。考虑存在泄漏的情况下,在轮轨辐射噪声作用下,研究包厢壁板及泄漏对包厢内声压的贡献分析,澄清了地板振动是包厢内较低频噪声的主要贡献者,缝隙泄漏则是室内较高频噪声的主要贡献者。并对该车进行了综合降噪治理,取得了良好的降噪效果。
其次,以高速动车组头车为研究对象,运用有限元和边界元相结合的方法对客车转向架激励下车身壁板结构振动引起的车内辐射噪声进行研究,求出特定观察点在不同频率处的声压值及观察面的声压分布特点。并分析了车身板件的声学贡献,为内部声场控制提供理论依据。
最后,运用统计能量法对由于轮轨辐射噪声、空调噪声等引起的高速动车组头车室内高频辐射噪声进行研究。由于头车的乘客室底架、侧墙、地板和车顶均由大型的中空挤压型材焊接而成,结构复杂,利用周期性建模方法创建了头车SEA模型;并对模型进行声学仿真分析,同时运用其它简化方法与周期性建模方法的计算结果进行对比,并对铺设降噪材料后室内声压的变化特性进行研究。
In order to explore a set of methods that are more reasonable and scientific modeling and forecasting analytical way which included all frequency and further enrich the research content of noise design in railway passenger car. Furthermore, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the noise control and design of low-frequency in the railway passenger car. This paper is based on the research of the carbon steel sleeping passenger car and the high-speed railway vehicle, the contents of the research are of the characteristics of interior noise in the both type of railway vehicle based on the methods of FEM,BEM and SEA.
First of all, the carbon steel sleeping passenger car is the research object. After reading a lot of literature and basic theories, the SEA model is built and the SEA parameters are calculated. It predicts that the interior noise of the railway passenger car caused by wheel-rail incentive sources and confirms the effectiveness of the established model in engineering applications through the noise contrast between the experimental data and the simulation data of the model; the impact of sound pressure in interior through the laying of damping and sound-absorbing material is studied, as a result, optimization programs and expects to achieve results about vibration and noise reduction are proposed. The analysis of contribution of the plates when consider the leakage is researched, and the result of the research show that the main contributor is caused by leakages in higher-frequency and in low-frequency is caused by the floor vibration. This research is carried out a comprehensive noise control and achieves good results for the noise reduction.
Secondly, the paper also takes the high-speed railway vehicle as the research object for radiation noise caused by the vibration of panels in passenger train through the way of FEM and BEM. The sound pressure of a specific observation point is calculated and found the distributed characteristics on observed surface at different frequency. The basic data for the internal sound field control through analyze the acoustic contribution of panels are provided.
Finally, high-frequency radiated noise of high-speed train based on SEA, by which caused wheel-rail radiation noise, air-conditioning noise are researched. Because its side wall, floor and roof are all welded by large-scale hollow extruded profiles, the structures are so complex, the way of periodic modeling and finite element theory to simplify the complex structure are used to calculate the dynamic response and acoustic properties of complex structures. While using the other method to simplify the acoustic simulation model, and then contrast the result with two types of result. The characteristics of sound pressure in interior noise are researched after laying of the noise reduction materials.
首先,以某碳钢卧铺车为研究对象。在阅读大量文献和基本理论的同时,建立了某客车卧铺车厢高频噪声分析的整车统计能量分析模型,并确定了统计能量参数。通过施加轮轨噪声源激励载荷对该车室内噪声进行预测,并通过与实车测试的噪声实验数据进行比较来证实所建立模型的工程应用有效性;通过铺设阻尼材料和吸声材料来研究室内噪声的声压影响情况,从而,提出减振降噪的优化方案和预期要达到的效果。考虑存在泄漏的情况下,在轮轨辐射噪声作用下,研究包厢壁板及泄漏对包厢内声压的贡献分析,澄清了地板振动是包厢内较低频噪声的主要贡献者,缝隙泄漏则是室内较高频噪声的主要贡献者。并对该车进行了综合降噪治理,取得了良好的降噪效果。
其次,以高速动车组头车为研究对象,运用有限元和边界元相结合的方法对客车转向架激励下车身壁板结构振动引起的车内辐射噪声进行研究,求出特定观察点在不同频率处的声压值及观察面的声压分布特点。并分析了车身板件的声学贡献,为内部声场控制提供理论依据。
最后,运用统计能量法对由于轮轨辐射噪声、空调噪声等引起的高速动车组头车室内高频辐射噪声进行研究。由于头车的乘客室底架、侧墙、地板和车顶均由大型的中空挤压型材焊接而成,结构复杂,利用周期性建模方法创建了头车SEA模型;并对模型进行声学仿真分析,同时运用其它简化方法与周期性建模方法的计算结果进行对比,并对铺设降噪材料后室内声压的变化特性进行研究。
In order to explore a set of methods that are more reasonable and scientific modeling and forecasting analytical way which included all frequency and further enrich the research content of noise design in railway passenger car. Furthermore, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the noise control and design of low-frequency in the railway passenger car. This paper is based on the research of the carbon steel sleeping passenger car and the high-speed railway vehicle, the contents of the research are of the characteristics of interior noise in the both type of railway vehicle based on the methods of FEM,BEM and SEA.
First of all, the carbon steel sleeping passenger car is the research object. After reading a lot of literature and basic theories, the SEA model is built and the SEA parameters are calculated. It predicts that the interior noise of the railway passenger car caused by wheel-rail incentive sources and confirms the effectiveness of the established model in engineering applications through the noise contrast between the experimental data and the simulation data of the model; the impact of sound pressure in interior through the laying of damping and sound-absorbing material is studied, as a result, optimization programs and expects to achieve results about vibration and noise reduction are proposed. The analysis of contribution of the plates when consider the leakage is researched, and the result of the research show that the main contributor is caused by leakages in higher-frequency and in low-frequency is caused by the floor vibration. This research is carried out a comprehensive noise control and achieves good results for the noise reduction.
Secondly, the paper also takes the high-speed railway vehicle as the research object for radiation noise caused by the vibration of panels in passenger train through the way of FEM and BEM. The sound pressure of a specific observation point is calculated and found the distributed characteristics on observed surface at different frequency. The basic data for the internal sound field control through analyze the acoustic contribution of panels are provided.
Finally, high-frequency radiated noise of high-speed train based on SEA, by which caused wheel-rail radiation noise, air-conditioning noise are researched. Because its side wall, floor and roof are all welded by large-scale hollow extruded profiles, the structures are so complex, the way of periodic modeling and finite element theory to simplify the complex structure are used to calculate the dynamic response and acoustic properties of complex structures. While using the other method to simplify the acoustic simulation model, and then contrast the result with two types of result. The characteristics of sound pressure in interior noise are researched after laying of the noise reduction materials.
引文
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[2]J.A.Wolf,JR.D.J.Nefske and L.J.Howell.Structure-acoustic finite element analysis of automotic passenger compartment.Transactions of the society of Automotive Engineers,1976,85(6) 1:857-864
[3]Sung.S.H.Nefske D.J.A coupled structural-acoustic finite element model for vehicle interior noise analysis.ASME Transactions,Journal of Vibration,Acoustics,Stress and Reliability,1984,106(3):314-318
[4]D.J.Nefske and L.J.Howell.Automobile interior noise reduction using finite element methods.Transactions of the society of Automotive Enineers,1978,87:1726-1737
[5]CLM.L,Gladwell.On energy and complementary energy formulations of acoustic and structural vibration problem,Journal of sound and vibration,1966,22(3):233-241
[6]A.Craggs.The use of simple three-dimensional acoustic finite element for determining the natural modes and frequencies of complex shaped enclosure.Journal of sound and vibration,1972,23(4):331-339
[7]王宪成,张晶,张更云.基于统计能量分析法的船艇机舱噪声建模计算.兵工学报.2007.28(11)1367-1372
[8]陈鑫,王登峰,陈书明等.由动力总成引起的车内噪声统计能量分析与控制.汽车技术.2008.8:17-22
[9]朱磊.轿车车内噪声控制的统计能量分析.吉林大学硕士学位论文.2007
[10]戚方好.城市轨道客车车内噪声预测控制与优化技术研究.上海交通大学硕士论文.2007
[11]付亚兰.铁路客车结构.声场耦合系统噪声预测研究.大连交通大学硕士学位论文.2007.6
[12]谢素明,张磊,付亚兰,兆文忠.铁路客车室内噪声预测与控制技术研究.计算力学学报.2009.26(3):336-341
[13]马纪军,张军,兆文忠.统计能量法及其在提速客车噪声预测中的应用.大连铁道学院学报.2005.26(1):53-56
[14]高春宏,郭海洋,刘厚林.基于统计能量分析法的地铁车辆噪声预估.电力机车与城轨车辆.2008.31(1):6-8
[15]G.M.L.Gladwell,G.Zimmermann.on energy and complementary energy formulations of acoustic and structural vibration problem.Journal of sound and vibration,1966(3):233-241
[16]T.Shuku,K.Ishihara.The analysis of the acoustic field in riregular shaped rooms by the finite element methods.Journal of Sound and Vibration,1973,29:67-76
[17]J.A.Wolf,JR.D.J.Nefske and L.J.Howell.Structure-acoustic finite element analysis of automotic passenger compartment.Transactions of the society of Automotive Engineers,1976,85(6) 1:857-864
[18]Chen L.H.Schweikert D.G.Sound radiation from an arbitrary.J.Vib.Acoust.Soc.Am.1963,35(5):1626-1623.
[19]Chertock G.Sound radiation from vibrating surfaces.J.Vib.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1964,36:1305-1313.
[20]Seybert A.F.Wu T.W.Modified Helmholtz integral equation for bodies sitting on an infinite plane.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.1989.85(1):19-23.
[21]沈壕,孙洪生.工程声学的有限元法.声学学报.1981.17:249-259
[22]丁渭平.车身结构低频声学分析理论及设计方法研究.博士学位论文.西安:西安交通大学.2002
[23]丁渭平,陈花玲.基于对称有限元模型的车辆乘坐室声振耦合分析的子结构方法.噪声与振动控制.2001.23(2):1-7
[24]王登峰等.拖拉机整车系统声固耦合噪声响应分析.农业机械学报.1994.25(1):33-38
[25]杨德庆,郑靖明,王德禹,金咸定.基于sysnoise软件的船舶振动声学数值计算[J].中国造船
[26]刘海波,左言言,周晋花,史文献.汽车乘坐室室内声场的研究.汽车乘坐室室内声场的研究.2007.2:59-61
[27]袁亮,倪僬,刘攀,艾国庆.用有限元/边界元法计算U型管振动声辐射.华中科技大学学报.2006,23(1):39-42
[28]刘鹏,刘更,吴立言等.有限元/边界元方法在卡车驾驶室声学分析中的应用[J].噪声与振动控制.2005(6):25-28
[29]宋雷鸣,孙守光,张新华.用有限元法分析铁路客车车内空间的声学特性.噪声与振动控制.2005.2:21-22
[30]谢素明,付亚兰,兆文忠.铁路客车结构.声耦合系统声学特性的研究.大连交通大学学报.2008,29(5):40-44
[31]姚德源,王其政.统计能量分析原理及其应用.北京理工大学出版社.1995
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