摘要
相比于一般的确定性方法,如有限元、边界元等,统计能量分析方法能更好地解决复杂飞行器结构高频声振问题,是目前高频响应分析最有效的方法之一,而且已在其他领域如船舶汽车等方面也得到了广泛的应用。但是由于统计能量分析方法是基于一定的基本假设,在应用中仍具有一定的局限性。本文在对某型火箭整流罩声振试验做仿真的基础上,针对飞行器结构中普遍存在的典型结构形式,研究其合理的建模方法,并结合试验加以验证。
本文首先介绍了统计能量分析方法和有限元有限元-统计能量混合法的发展与运用。在此基础上详细阐述了统计能量分析的基本原理,统计能量参数如模态密度、损耗因子、输入功率等的确定方法,并分析指出其实际运用中的局限性;
然后,采用统计能量方法对某型火箭整流罩结构声振试验做仿真,在简单介绍了噪声试验的基本原理后,详细介绍了该整流罩结构的统计能量建模过程,包括其能量流传递路径的分析,特殊材料如蜂窝板结构的等效处理、特殊结构的子系统划分,以及合理性检验,并最终建立了比较合理的统计能量模型,然后对模型的统计能量参数内损耗因子以及吸声系数进行了灵敏度分析,发现在一般工程经验值的取值范围内,这两个参数对整流罩结构动响应的影响很小,而且整流罩内的声压级在有无模拟星的状态下相差不大,而且仿真结构和试验测得的各内声场总声压级基本一致。
最后,针对飞行器结构中普遍存在的加筋蒙皮结构设计了其典型结构形式,分别采用统计能量和混合法建模,并通过试验对比验证,总结出其有效的建模方法。
Be compared to general certainty method, such as finite element method, boundary element method and so on, statistical energy analysis method can solve the high frequency acoustic problem of complicated aircraft structure, which is currently one of the most effective methods of high frequency response analysis, and also got an extensive application at other realms such as ships, cars etc. But statistical energy analysis method is basic on some basic assumptions, so that there still is some limitation in application. Base on the simulation of a certain type rocket fairing acoustic test, contrapose to the typical structure form of aircraft structure, this article research the modeling methods of statistical energy analysis, and compare with the experiment to verify.
Firstly ,this article introduces the development and application of statistical energy analysis method and FE-SEA Hybrid . On this basis, the article elaborates basic principle of statistical energy analysis methodand the method of determining statistical energy parameters, such as modal density, loss factor, input power and so on, and analysising the limitations in practical application.
Afterwards, simulating the acoustic test of a certain type rocket fairing structure by statistical energy method. After briefly introducing the basic principle of acoustic expriment, introduce the modeling process of statistical energy of the rocket fairing in detail, including the analysis of energy flow pathways, equivalent treatment of special materials such as honeycomb structure, subsystem divide of special structure, and verify rationality, establish a reasonable statistical energy model.
Then, analysis sensitivity of model within loss factor and sound absorption coefficient, find that the affect of dynamics response of the fairing is small in the range of general engineering experience value, and the sound pressure level of the fairing is little difference whatever there is a statellite,and the result of simulation is almost the same with that of the test on the total sound pressure level.
Finally, contrapose to the stiffened skin commenly existing in the aircraft structure,designing the typical structure form ,and modeling the structure respectively by SEA and hybrid method, and summing up the effective methods by verified through experiments.
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