飞行器结构统计能量建模方法及声振响应分析研究
|
摘要
相比于一般的确定性方法,如有限元、边界元等,统计能量分析方法能更好地解决复杂飞行器结构高频声振问题,是目前高频响应分析最有效的方法之一,而且已在其他领域如船舶汽车等方面也得到了广泛的应用。但是由于统计能量分析方法是基于一定的基本假设,在应用中仍具有一定的局限性。本文在对某型火箭整流罩声振试验做仿真的基础上,针对飞行器结构中普遍存在的典型结构形式,研究其合理的建模方法,并结合试验加以验证。
本文首先介绍了统计能量分析方法和有限元有限元-统计能量混合法的发展与运用。在此基础上详细阐述了统计能量分析的基本原理,统计能量参数如模态密度、损耗因子、输入功率等的确定方法,并分析指出其实际运用中的局限性;
然后,采用统计能量方法对某型火箭整流罩结构声振试验做仿真,在简单介绍了噪声试验的基本原理后,详细介绍了该整流罩结构的统计能量建模过程,包括其能量流传递路径的分析,特殊材料如蜂窝板结构的等效处理、特殊结构的子系统划分,以及合理性检验,并最终建立了比较合理的统计能量模型,然后对模型的统计能量参数内损耗因子以及吸声系数进行了灵敏度分析,发现在一般工程经验值的取值范围内,这两个参数对整流罩结构动响应的影响很小,而且整流罩内的声压级在有无模拟星的状态下相差不大,而且仿真结构和试验测得的各内声场总声压级基本一致。
最后,针对飞行器结构中普遍存在的加筋蒙皮结构设计了其典型结构形式,分别采用统计能量和混合法建模,并通过试验对比验证,总结出其有效的建模方法。
Be compared to general certainty method, such as finite element method, boundary element method and so on, statistical energy analysis method can solve the high frequency acoustic problem of complicated aircraft structure, which is currently one of the most effective methods of high frequency response analysis, and also got an extensive application at other realms such as ships, cars etc. But statistical energy analysis method is basic on some basic assumptions, so that there still is some limitation in application. Base on the simulation of a certain type rocket fairing acoustic test, contrapose to the typical structure form of aircraft structure, this article research the modeling methods of statistical energy analysis, and compare with the experiment to verify.
Firstly ,this article introduces the development and application of statistical energy analysis method and FE-SEA Hybrid . On this basis, the article elaborates basic principle of statistical energy analysis methodand the method of determining statistical energy parameters, such as modal density, loss factor, input power and so on, and analysising the limitations in practical application.
Afterwards, simulating the acoustic test of a certain type rocket fairing structure by statistical energy method. After briefly introducing the basic principle of acoustic expriment, introduce the modeling process of statistical energy of the rocket fairing in detail, including the analysis of energy flow pathways, equivalent treatment of special materials such as honeycomb structure, subsystem divide of special structure, and verify rationality, establish a reasonable statistical energy model.
Then, analysis sensitivity of model within loss factor and sound absorption coefficient, find that the affect of dynamics response of the fairing is small in the range of general engineering experience value, and the sound pressure level of the fairing is little difference whatever there is a statellite,and the result of simulation is almost the same with that of the test on the total sound pressure level.
Finally, contrapose to the stiffened skin commenly existing in the aircraft structure,designing the typical structure form ,and modeling the structure respectively by SEA and hybrid method, and summing up the effective methods by verified through experiments.
本文首先介绍了统计能量分析方法和有限元有限元-统计能量混合法的发展与运用。在此基础上详细阐述了统计能量分析的基本原理,统计能量参数如模态密度、损耗因子、输入功率等的确定方法,并分析指出其实际运用中的局限性;
然后,采用统计能量方法对某型火箭整流罩结构声振试验做仿真,在简单介绍了噪声试验的基本原理后,详细介绍了该整流罩结构的统计能量建模过程,包括其能量流传递路径的分析,特殊材料如蜂窝板结构的等效处理、特殊结构的子系统划分,以及合理性检验,并最终建立了比较合理的统计能量模型,然后对模型的统计能量参数内损耗因子以及吸声系数进行了灵敏度分析,发现在一般工程经验值的取值范围内,这两个参数对整流罩结构动响应的影响很小,而且整流罩内的声压级在有无模拟星的状态下相差不大,而且仿真结构和试验测得的各内声场总声压级基本一致。
最后,针对飞行器结构中普遍存在的加筋蒙皮结构设计了其典型结构形式,分别采用统计能量和混合法建模,并通过试验对比验证,总结出其有效的建模方法。
Be compared to general certainty method, such as finite element method, boundary element method and so on, statistical energy analysis method can solve the high frequency acoustic problem of complicated aircraft structure, which is currently one of the most effective methods of high frequency response analysis, and also got an extensive application at other realms such as ships, cars etc. But statistical energy analysis method is basic on some basic assumptions, so that there still is some limitation in application. Base on the simulation of a certain type rocket fairing acoustic test, contrapose to the typical structure form of aircraft structure, this article research the modeling methods of statistical energy analysis, and compare with the experiment to verify.
Firstly ,this article introduces the development and application of statistical energy analysis method and FE-SEA Hybrid . On this basis, the article elaborates basic principle of statistical energy analysis methodand the method of determining statistical energy parameters, such as modal density, loss factor, input power and so on, and analysising the limitations in practical application.
Afterwards, simulating the acoustic test of a certain type rocket fairing structure by statistical energy method. After briefly introducing the basic principle of acoustic expriment, introduce the modeling process of statistical energy of the rocket fairing in detail, including the analysis of energy flow pathways, equivalent treatment of special materials such as honeycomb structure, subsystem divide of special structure, and verify rationality, establish a reasonable statistical energy model.
Then, analysis sensitivity of model within loss factor and sound absorption coefficient, find that the affect of dynamics response of the fairing is small in the range of general engineering experience value, and the sound pressure level of the fairing is little difference whatever there is a statellite,and the result of simulation is almost the same with that of the test on the total sound pressure level.
Finally, contrapose to the stiffened skin commenly existing in the aircraft structure,designing the typical structure form ,and modeling the structure respectively by SEA and hybrid method, and summing up the effective methods by verified through experiments.
引文
1.姚德源王其政统计能量分析原理及其应用.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1995
2.向树红编著航天器力学环境试验技术中国科学技术出版社2010
3. Sun J C,W ang C, Sun Z H. Pow er flow between three series coupled oscillators. Sound & Vib. , 1996, 189(2) : 215~229
4. Sun jincai,W ang Chong, Sun Zhaohui. Modificat ion of energy balance equation in statistical energy analysis Chinese Journal of Acoustics, 1996, 15 (1)
5.张建,切削噪声的能量分析与实验研究,西安交通大学博士论文,1989
6.张建顾崇衔非保守耦合系统的统计能量分析原理声学学报1993.1:
7. Sun J C. Power flow and energy balance of non-conservatively coupled oscillators. Sound & V ib. ,1987, 112: 321~343
8. Fahy F J , Yao D Y. Power flow between non-conservatively coupled oscillators. Sound &V ib. , 1987,114 (1) : 1~11
9. Sun Zhaohui, Sun jincai,W ang Chong, et al Analysis of the causes of formation of negative loss factors. Chinese Journal of Acoustics, 1996, 15 (3) : 240~246
10. ShengM P,WangM Q , Sun J C. Effective Internal loss factors and coupling lo ss factors for non-conservatively coupled systems. Sound & V ib. , 1998, 209(4) : 685~94
11. Manning J E. Formulation of SEA parameters using mobility functions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London a Mathematical & Physical Sciences, 1994, 346: 477~488
12.盛美萍,复杂耦合系统的统计能量分析及其应用,西北工业大学博士学位论文,1997
13.王敏庆,非保守耦合系统的统计功率流理论及其应用,西北工业大学博士学位论文,1997
14.盛美萍,王敏庆,孙进才,非保守耦合系统的等效内损耗因子,声学学报,1997, 6
15.孙朝晖,孙进才等,负损耗因子的成因分析,声学学报,1996, 21(5):798~804
16.孙进才,复杂结构的损耗因子和辐合损耗因子的测量方法,声学学报,1995, 20 (2):127~134
17.刘明治.一般相关激励下保守耦合系统的统计能量分析.应用力学学报, 1994, 11 (4) : 78~82
18.韩增尧曲广吉,航天器宽带随机振动响应分析中国空间科学技术2002.2:24~40
19.邹元杰,韩增尧,杨雷,曲广吉.统计能量法在卫星声振响应分析中的应用. 2005全国结构动力学学术研讨会,海南省海口市, 2005.12:19~20.
20.孙目,王小军,潘忠文,王明宇.统计能量分析在飞行器动力学环境预示中的应用导弹与航天运载技术2009.3:11~14
21.郦茜、吴卫国基于AutoSEA的高速船静噪声预报与控制中国舰船研究2008.2:28~30
22.于笑非统计能量分析在客车噪声设计中的应用客车技术与研究2006.1:36~38
23. Lu L. Dynamic substructuring by FEA/SEA. Vehicle Noise, ASME, 1990, NCA-9: 9~12
24. Wilson M A, Josefson B L. Combining FEA and SEA in mechanical intensity analysis. AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics ,and 38th Materials Conference and Exhibit, and AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structural Forum, Kissimmee, 1997: 1~10
25. Langley R S, Bremner P. A hybrid method for the vibration analysis of complex structural-acoustic systems. J. of the Acoust . Soc. of Ame, 1999, 105(3): 1657~1671
26. Gardner B, Shorter P, Cotoni V. Vibro-acoustic analysis of large space structures using the hybrid FE-SEA method. 46th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Confer, Ausin, 2005: 1~11
27. Shorter P J, Langley R S. On the reciprocity relationship between direct field radiation and diffuse reverberant loading. J. of the Acoust. Soc. of Ame, 2005, 117(1): 85~95
28. Shorter P J, Langley R S. Vibro-acoustic analysis of complex systems. J. Of Sound and Vibration , 2005, 288: 669~99
29. Shorter P J, Langley R S. A hybrid FE-SEA method for the analysis of complex vibroacoustic systems. J. of the Acoust. Soc. of Ame, 2005,105:1657~1671.
30. Vincent Cotonia ,Phil Shorter,Robin Langley. Numerical and experimental validation of a hybrid finite element-statistical energy analysis method J.Acoust.Soc.Am. 2007,122:259~270
31. A. Pratellesia, M. Viktorovitchb, N. Baldanzinia, M. Pierinia. A hybrid formulation for mid-frequency analysis of assembled structures Journal of sound and vibration 2008,318:1077~1108
32. Michel Viktorovitch, Alessandro Pratellesi , A hybrid mid-frequency formulation for vibro-acoustic predictions Nosie Control Eng.J 2008:71~84
33.邹元杰,韩增尧.宽频声激励作用下的卫星结构响应分析. 2007年全国动力学学术研讨会论文集, 2007: 254~261
34. Cremer L. Heckl M. and Ungar E.E.,structure-borne sound ,Springer-Verlag 1973
35. Ver I.L.and Holmer C.I. ,Interaction of sound waves with solid structures ,chapter 11 in Noise and Vibration Control , 1971
36. Clarkon B.L. and Pope R.J. Experimental determination of modal densities and loss fators of flat plats and cylinders, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1981 77(4)535~549
37. Norton P.M. Fundamental of Noise and Vibration Analysis for Engineers, Cambridge University Press ,1989
38. Clarkson B.L. and Ranky M.F. Modal density of honeycomb plates, Journal of Sound and Vibration 1983 91(1) 103~118
39. Ferguson N.S. and Clarkson B.L. The modal density of honeycomb shells, Journal of Vibration, Acoustics Stress and Reliability in Design,108,399~404
40. Clarkson B.L. Experimental determination of modal density ,chapter 5 in Random Vibration-status and Recent Developments 1986
41.程广利,朱石坚,伍先俊统计能量分析法及其损耗因子确定方法综述船舶工程2004.26.4
42. K.De Langhe and P.Sas Statistical analysis of the power injection metod Acoustical Society of America1996:294~303
43.明瑞森应用结构声强技术测量耦合损耗因子振动工程学报1997.3: 48~53
44.胡玉琴铝蜂窝夹层板等效模型研究及数值分析南京航空航天大学硕士论文2008.1
45.孙德强张卫红孙玉瑾蜂窝铝芯的弹性模量和材料效率分析力学与实践2008.2: 35~40
46. The ESI GROUP. VA One 2007 User’s Guide, 2007.7
47. V. Orrentus, L. Baures, V. Cotoni .Modeling of structural sound transmission in train structures using hybrid FE-SEA and EFM analysis, Proceedings of ISMA conference, 2006, Belgium.
48. V. Orrentus, R. S Langely ,P. J Shorter. Characterization of periodic panels for statistical energy analysis using periodic theory and finite elements. J. Sound Vib,2006
49. V. Orrentus, R. S Langely. Advanced modeling of periodic structures in SEA. Proceedings of ISMA conference, 2006, Belgium
50.阎承博.高超声速导弹中高频动力学响应分析哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文2009.6
51.殷学文,崔宏飞,顾晓军,黄捷,沈荣瀛.功率流理论、统计能量分析和能量有限元之间的关联性,船舶力学, 2007.11(4): 637~646
52.张建润,孙庆鸿,陈南.轿车声学建模的统计能量方法.中国工程机械2004. 15 (20): 1865~1870.
53.刘小平.用统计能量法预示导弹仪器舱的动力学环境.导弹与航天运载技术, 2000.246 (4): 52~56
54.梅立泉,董会.高频声振环境动响应计算的统计能量法.装备制造技术, 2007 .6: 1~4
55.尹立中.关于结构高频响应分析中有限元网格划分的细化标准.振动与冲击. 2002, Vol . 21 No. 1: 52~53
56.周平,赵德有.基于有限元法的加筋板耦合损耗因子计算,安世亚太2006年用户论文
2.向树红编著航天器力学环境试验技术中国科学技术出版社2010
3. Sun J C,W ang C, Sun Z H. Pow er flow between three series coupled oscillators. Sound & Vib. , 1996, 189(2) : 215~229
4. Sun jincai,W ang Chong, Sun Zhaohui. Modificat ion of energy balance equation in statistical energy analysis Chinese Journal of Acoustics, 1996, 15 (1)
5.张建,切削噪声的能量分析与实验研究,西安交通大学博士论文,1989
6.张建顾崇衔非保守耦合系统的统计能量分析原理声学学报1993.1:
7. Sun J C. Power flow and energy balance of non-conservatively coupled oscillators. Sound & V ib. ,1987, 112: 321~343
8. Fahy F J , Yao D Y. Power flow between non-conservatively coupled oscillators. Sound &V ib. , 1987,114 (1) : 1~11
9. Sun Zhaohui, Sun jincai,W ang Chong, et al Analysis of the causes of formation of negative loss factors. Chinese Journal of Acoustics, 1996, 15 (3) : 240~246
10. ShengM P,WangM Q , Sun J C. Effective Internal loss factors and coupling lo ss factors for non-conservatively coupled systems. Sound & V ib. , 1998, 209(4) : 685~94
11. Manning J E. Formulation of SEA parameters using mobility functions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London a Mathematical & Physical Sciences, 1994, 346: 477~488
12.盛美萍,复杂耦合系统的统计能量分析及其应用,西北工业大学博士学位论文,1997
13.王敏庆,非保守耦合系统的统计功率流理论及其应用,西北工业大学博士学位论文,1997
14.盛美萍,王敏庆,孙进才,非保守耦合系统的等效内损耗因子,声学学报,1997, 6
15.孙朝晖,孙进才等,负损耗因子的成因分析,声学学报,1996, 21(5):798~804
16.孙进才,复杂结构的损耗因子和辐合损耗因子的测量方法,声学学报,1995, 20 (2):127~134
17.刘明治.一般相关激励下保守耦合系统的统计能量分析.应用力学学报, 1994, 11 (4) : 78~82
18.韩增尧曲广吉,航天器宽带随机振动响应分析中国空间科学技术2002.2:24~40
19.邹元杰,韩增尧,杨雷,曲广吉.统计能量法在卫星声振响应分析中的应用. 2005全国结构动力学学术研讨会,海南省海口市, 2005.12:19~20.
20.孙目,王小军,潘忠文,王明宇.统计能量分析在飞行器动力学环境预示中的应用导弹与航天运载技术2009.3:11~14
21.郦茜、吴卫国基于AutoSEA的高速船静噪声预报与控制中国舰船研究2008.2:28~30
22.于笑非统计能量分析在客车噪声设计中的应用客车技术与研究2006.1:36~38
23. Lu L. Dynamic substructuring by FEA/SEA. Vehicle Noise, ASME, 1990, NCA-9: 9~12
24. Wilson M A, Josefson B L. Combining FEA and SEA in mechanical intensity analysis. AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics ,and 38th Materials Conference and Exhibit, and AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structural Forum, Kissimmee, 1997: 1~10
25. Langley R S, Bremner P. A hybrid method for the vibration analysis of complex structural-acoustic systems. J. of the Acoust . Soc. of Ame, 1999, 105(3): 1657~1671
26. Gardner B, Shorter P, Cotoni V. Vibro-acoustic analysis of large space structures using the hybrid FE-SEA method. 46th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Confer, Ausin, 2005: 1~11
27. Shorter P J, Langley R S. On the reciprocity relationship between direct field radiation and diffuse reverberant loading. J. of the Acoust. Soc. of Ame, 2005, 117(1): 85~95
28. Shorter P J, Langley R S. Vibro-acoustic analysis of complex systems. J. Of Sound and Vibration , 2005, 288: 669~99
29. Shorter P J, Langley R S. A hybrid FE-SEA method for the analysis of complex vibroacoustic systems. J. of the Acoust. Soc. of Ame, 2005,105:1657~1671.
30. Vincent Cotonia ,Phil Shorter,Robin Langley. Numerical and experimental validation of a hybrid finite element-statistical energy analysis method J.Acoust.Soc.Am. 2007,122:259~270
31. A. Pratellesia, M. Viktorovitchb, N. Baldanzinia, M. Pierinia. A hybrid formulation for mid-frequency analysis of assembled structures Journal of sound and vibration 2008,318:1077~1108
32. Michel Viktorovitch, Alessandro Pratellesi , A hybrid mid-frequency formulation for vibro-acoustic predictions Nosie Control Eng.J 2008:71~84
33.邹元杰,韩增尧.宽频声激励作用下的卫星结构响应分析. 2007年全国动力学学术研讨会论文集, 2007: 254~261
34. Cremer L. Heckl M. and Ungar E.E.,structure-borne sound ,Springer-Verlag 1973
35. Ver I.L.and Holmer C.I. ,Interaction of sound waves with solid structures ,chapter 11 in Noise and Vibration Control , 1971
36. Clarkon B.L. and Pope R.J. Experimental determination of modal densities and loss fators of flat plats and cylinders, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1981 77(4)535~549
37. Norton P.M. Fundamental of Noise and Vibration Analysis for Engineers, Cambridge University Press ,1989
38. Clarkson B.L. and Ranky M.F. Modal density of honeycomb plates, Journal of Sound and Vibration 1983 91(1) 103~118
39. Ferguson N.S. and Clarkson B.L. The modal density of honeycomb shells, Journal of Vibration, Acoustics Stress and Reliability in Design,108,399~404
40. Clarkson B.L. Experimental determination of modal density ,chapter 5 in Random Vibration-status and Recent Developments 1986
41.程广利,朱石坚,伍先俊统计能量分析法及其损耗因子确定方法综述船舶工程2004.26.4
42. K.De Langhe and P.Sas Statistical analysis of the power injection metod Acoustical Society of America1996:294~303
43.明瑞森应用结构声强技术测量耦合损耗因子振动工程学报1997.3: 48~53
44.胡玉琴铝蜂窝夹层板等效模型研究及数值分析南京航空航天大学硕士论文2008.1
45.孙德强张卫红孙玉瑾蜂窝铝芯的弹性模量和材料效率分析力学与实践2008.2: 35~40
46. The ESI GROUP. VA One 2007 User’s Guide, 2007.7
47. V. Orrentus, L. Baures, V. Cotoni .Modeling of structural sound transmission in train structures using hybrid FE-SEA and EFM analysis, Proceedings of ISMA conference, 2006, Belgium.
48. V. Orrentus, R. S Langely ,P. J Shorter. Characterization of periodic panels for statistical energy analysis using periodic theory and finite elements. J. Sound Vib,2006
49. V. Orrentus, R. S Langely. Advanced modeling of periodic structures in SEA. Proceedings of ISMA conference, 2006, Belgium
50.阎承博.高超声速导弹中高频动力学响应分析哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文2009.6
51.殷学文,崔宏飞,顾晓军,黄捷,沈荣瀛.功率流理论、统计能量分析和能量有限元之间的关联性,船舶力学, 2007.11(4): 637~646
52.张建润,孙庆鸿,陈南.轿车声学建模的统计能量方法.中国工程机械2004. 15 (20): 1865~1870.
53.刘小平.用统计能量法预示导弹仪器舱的动力学环境.导弹与航天运载技术, 2000.246 (4): 52~56
54.梅立泉,董会.高频声振环境动响应计算的统计能量法.装备制造技术, 2007 .6: 1~4
55.尹立中.关于结构高频响应分析中有限元网格划分的细化标准.振动与冲击. 2002, Vol . 21 No. 1: 52~53
56.周平,赵德有.基于有限元法的加筋板耦合损耗因子计算,安世亚太2006年用户论文