曲轴及正时系动力学特性对发动机NVH性能影响研究
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摘要
曲柄连杆机构及正时系统的设计及布置对发动机的NVH性能有着至关重要的影响。本文针对曲轴、连杆及不同正时系统的动力学问题建立了运动系激励特征同结构振动响应的关系,对曲轴系与正时系耦合动力学特性对发动机NVH性能影响的规律进行了深入细致的理论分析与实验研究。
对曲轴连杆系统的动力学特性及其结构动态强度问题进行了深入系统的研究。建立了曲轴扭振多弹性体动力学分析模型,并通过曲轴扭振实验对仿真模型进行了校核；利用现代数字仿真分析技术研究了曲轴圆角的动态应力,并与传统的曲轴强度计算方法及疲劳实验结果进行了比较,证实了现代仿真分析技术的可靠性和精确性；分析了连杆结构的动态响应特性,证明了连杆本身对激励的动力学放大作用在工程计算中是可以忽略的；研究了连杆大头的弹性流体润滑特性,结合有限元非线性接触算法,完成了连杆在不同工况下动态强度的预测；通过仿真分析的方法研究了扭振激励与发动机结构动态特性的频率耦合关系,指出优化曲轴扭振可以降低激励与响应的耦合作用,并通过相关的实验验证了仿真分析的结果。
对链传动、齿轮传动及同步带传动等正时系的动力学特性及NVH特性进行了深入细致的研究。分析了正时系与曲轴的耦合作用,以及不同正时系对发动机结构件尤其是前端正时罩振动响应的作用；应用多刚性体动力学建模方法,将正时系离散成多质点,分析与比较了某汽油机静音链与套筒链的动力学差异,仿真与声学实验均表明静音链对于多边形效应有明显的衰减作用；分析了某柴油机正时齿轮传动的啮合冲击激励,通过比较考虑与不考虑曲轴转速波动以及是否安装扭振减振器等不同工况下的齿轮啮合特征,证明了齿轮罩振动的衰减可以通过优化齿轮系动力学来实现；基于不同的数值运算方法完成了曲轴与同步带正时系动力学的联合仿真,指出了皮带内力对曲轴扭振、强度以及主轴承润滑存在不同程度的影响；应用CAD与CAE相结合的手段,在同一台柴油机上虚拟设计了不同的正时系,并在相同的工况及边界条件下,计算并比较了正时罩振动响应的不同结果,通过从仿真预测技术揭示了采用齿轮作为正时传动的发动机前端噪声较大的原因。
本文系统地研究了发动机运动系激励与结构振动响应的关系,拓展了数字化设计方法在发动机结构设计与分析方面的应用,取得了一系列具有工程应用价值的新结论与成果,为发动机的设计与开发提供了重要参考依据。
Design and layout of crank and conrod mechanism and timing systems greatly impact NVH performance of engine. Based on crankshaft, conrod and various timing systems dynamics, this dissertation establishes relations between excitation characteristics of kinetic systems and structure vibration response. And it completes deep theoretical analysis and experiment research about influence of coupling dynamic characteristics between crankshaft and timing systems on engine NVH performance.
Dynamic characteristics and strength issues of crankshaft and conrod are studied systematically and deeply. Muti-elastic body dynamic simulation model of crankshaft is established and it is validated by torsional vibration measurement. Dynamic stress of crankshaft fillets is studied based on modern numerical simulation technology and it is compared with traditional calculation method and fatigue test results about crankshaft strength. Results show that modern simulation analysis technology is reliable and accurate. Dynamic characteristics of conrod are anlyzed and results show that influence of conrod on excitation dynamic amplifying can be ignored in engineering application. Elastic hydrodynamic characteristics of conrod big end bearing are studied. Combination with FE nonlinear contact algorithm, conrod dynamic strength is predicted in different conditions. Coupling effects between torsional vibration excitation and engine dynamic characteristics are investigated by simulation, and it can be reduced by optimizing crankshaft torsional vibration. In addition, simulation results are validated by related measurement.
Dynamic and NVH characteristics of timing systems are investigated detailedly and deeply, such as chain drive, gear drive and synchronous belt. Furthermore, coupling effects between timing system and crankshaft are analyzed. Different influence on vibration reponse of front timing cover are studied with various timing systems. Timing systems are discretized into muti-mass points using muti-rigid body dynamics. Dynamics difference bewteen silent chain and bushing chain of a gasoline engine are analyzed and compared. Additionally, both simulation and acoustic experiment results show silent chain can weaken polygon effect obviously. Meshing and impact excitation are analyzed about timing gear drives on a diesel engine. Gear meshing characteristics are compared in different conditions, such as without crankshaft speed irregularity, with crankshaft speed irregularity and using torsional vibration damper. Results indicate that dynamics optimization of gear system can reduce vibration of gear cover. Co-simulation between crankshaft and synchronous belt dynamics is implemented based on different numeric algorithms, and it shows that belt internal force has different influence on crankshaft torsional virbation. strength and lubrication of main bearings. Various timing systems are designed and arranged in a same diesel engine with combined methods of CAD and CAE. Different vibration results of timing cover are calculated and compared with same boundary conditons. It illustrates the reason that noise is larger on the front of engine equipped with timing gear drives through simulation prediction technology.
This dissertation studies relation between excitation derived from kinetic systems and structure vibration response, expands application about engine structure design and analysis with numerical simulation method and gets a series of new valuable conclusions and achievement about engineering application, which provides important reference for engine design and development.
对曲轴连杆系统的动力学特性及其结构动态强度问题进行了深入系统的研究。建立了曲轴扭振多弹性体动力学分析模型,并通过曲轴扭振实验对仿真模型进行了校核；利用现代数字仿真分析技术研究了曲轴圆角的动态应力,并与传统的曲轴强度计算方法及疲劳实验结果进行了比较,证实了现代仿真分析技术的可靠性和精确性；分析了连杆结构的动态响应特性,证明了连杆本身对激励的动力学放大作用在工程计算中是可以忽略的；研究了连杆大头的弹性流体润滑特性,结合有限元非线性接触算法,完成了连杆在不同工况下动态强度的预测；通过仿真分析的方法研究了扭振激励与发动机结构动态特性的频率耦合关系,指出优化曲轴扭振可以降低激励与响应的耦合作用,并通过相关的实验验证了仿真分析的结果。
对链传动、齿轮传动及同步带传动等正时系的动力学特性及NVH特性进行了深入细致的研究。分析了正时系与曲轴的耦合作用,以及不同正时系对发动机结构件尤其是前端正时罩振动响应的作用；应用多刚性体动力学建模方法,将正时系离散成多质点,分析与比较了某汽油机静音链与套筒链的动力学差异,仿真与声学实验均表明静音链对于多边形效应有明显的衰减作用；分析了某柴油机正时齿轮传动的啮合冲击激励,通过比较考虑与不考虑曲轴转速波动以及是否安装扭振减振器等不同工况下的齿轮啮合特征,证明了齿轮罩振动的衰减可以通过优化齿轮系动力学来实现；基于不同的数值运算方法完成了曲轴与同步带正时系动力学的联合仿真,指出了皮带内力对曲轴扭振、强度以及主轴承润滑存在不同程度的影响；应用CAD与CAE相结合的手段,在同一台柴油机上虚拟设计了不同的正时系,并在相同的工况及边界条件下,计算并比较了正时罩振动响应的不同结果,通过从仿真预测技术揭示了采用齿轮作为正时传动的发动机前端噪声较大的原因。
本文系统地研究了发动机运动系激励与结构振动响应的关系,拓展了数字化设计方法在发动机结构设计与分析方面的应用,取得了一系列具有工程应用价值的新结论与成果,为发动机的设计与开发提供了重要参考依据。
Design and layout of crank and conrod mechanism and timing systems greatly impact NVH performance of engine. Based on crankshaft, conrod and various timing systems dynamics, this dissertation establishes relations between excitation characteristics of kinetic systems and structure vibration response. And it completes deep theoretical analysis and experiment research about influence of coupling dynamic characteristics between crankshaft and timing systems on engine NVH performance.
Dynamic characteristics and strength issues of crankshaft and conrod are studied systematically and deeply. Muti-elastic body dynamic simulation model of crankshaft is established and it is validated by torsional vibration measurement. Dynamic stress of crankshaft fillets is studied based on modern numerical simulation technology and it is compared with traditional calculation method and fatigue test results about crankshaft strength. Results show that modern simulation analysis technology is reliable and accurate. Dynamic characteristics of conrod are anlyzed and results show that influence of conrod on excitation dynamic amplifying can be ignored in engineering application. Elastic hydrodynamic characteristics of conrod big end bearing are studied. Combination with FE nonlinear contact algorithm, conrod dynamic strength is predicted in different conditions. Coupling effects between torsional vibration excitation and engine dynamic characteristics are investigated by simulation, and it can be reduced by optimizing crankshaft torsional vibration. In addition, simulation results are validated by related measurement.
Dynamic and NVH characteristics of timing systems are investigated detailedly and deeply, such as chain drive, gear drive and synchronous belt. Furthermore, coupling effects between timing system and crankshaft are analyzed. Different influence on vibration reponse of front timing cover are studied with various timing systems. Timing systems are discretized into muti-mass points using muti-rigid body dynamics. Dynamics difference bewteen silent chain and bushing chain of a gasoline engine are analyzed and compared. Additionally, both simulation and acoustic experiment results show silent chain can weaken polygon effect obviously. Meshing and impact excitation are analyzed about timing gear drives on a diesel engine. Gear meshing characteristics are compared in different conditions, such as without crankshaft speed irregularity, with crankshaft speed irregularity and using torsional vibration damper. Results indicate that dynamics optimization of gear system can reduce vibration of gear cover. Co-simulation between crankshaft and synchronous belt dynamics is implemented based on different numeric algorithms, and it shows that belt internal force has different influence on crankshaft torsional virbation. strength and lubrication of main bearings. Various timing systems are designed and arranged in a same diesel engine with combined methods of CAD and CAE. Different vibration results of timing cover are calculated and compared with same boundary conditons. It illustrates the reason that noise is larger on the front of engine equipped with timing gear drives through simulation prediction technology.
This dissertation studies relation between excitation derived from kinetic systems and structure vibration response, expands application about engine structure design and analysis with numerical simulation method and gets a series of new valuable conclusions and achievement about engineering application, which provides important reference for engine design and development.
引文
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