应用声电成像测井进行裂缝检测与评价研究
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摘要
随着油气勘探程度的提高,成像测井由于其可视性和直观性的特点,在裂缝性储层评价中发挥着愈加重要的作用。针对斯伦贝谢和阿特拉斯的声、电成像测井资料,在完成对成像数据预处理过程研究的基础上,进行了裂缝的识别和裂缝参数的计算,并开发完成了成像测井裂缝识别处理软件,在实际资料处理评价中取得了较好的效果。
首先论述了声、电成像测井原理、仪器结构以及测井质量影响因素,深入分析了成像测井数据的预处理过程和处理方法;针对成像图像的生成和显示方法,采用不同于eXpress的处理技术取得了优于该软件的处理效果,为裂缝识别和裂缝参数定量计算奠定了基础。
基于完成的成像测井数据的预处理和成像图像的生成与显示,研究了成像测井图像增强、滤波、二值化、细化等处理过程,在此基础上重点研究了成像测井资料的裂缝识别方法,包括:电成像测井资料的电导率异常识别裂缝方法、成像测井图像上的人机交互识别裂缝和霍夫变换自动识别裂缝,识别出来的裂缝倾角和倾向参数与岩心资料取得了较大的一致性;同时对裂缝类型进行了定性解释评价,并定量计算了裂缝参数。最后在完成理论方法研究的基础上,开发完成了ImageFracProc声、电成像测井裂缝识别处理软件。应用该软件评价了11口井的声电成像测井资料,详细分析了其中两口井的重点井段,验证了软件的可靠性和实用性。
Along with the enhancement of oil/gas exploration degree, the imaging logging is playing the much more important role in the fractured reservoir’s appraisal because of its viewable and intuitive characteristics. Based on Atlas’s and Schlumberger’s acoustic and electrical imaging logging data ,the paper carried on the fracture identification and the fracture parameter computation , moreover, the software of fracture identification using imaging logging data has been developed successfully and it has obtained good application effect in the actual data processing.
The paper first elaborated the logging principle, the instrument structure as well as the imaging quality influence factor, then through analyzing the methods of image generating and displaying ,the new processing technology are used which is different from the one obtained in the eXpress , this laid the foundation for the fracture identification and the fracture parameter quantitative evaluation. Basing on image logging data pretreatment, generating and displaying which have been done, the paper does the research on image enhance, filter, binaryzation, refinement, then focus on the research in the methods to identify fractures, including: the conductivity abnormality to identify fractures, by man-machine interaction and automatic Hove transforms methods, the fractures identified and the inclination angle are consistent with the results from coring analysis. Meanwhile the qualitative computation on the fracture parameters has carried on. Finally, basing on the theoretical research, the ImageFracProc software has been completed, which has been used in 11 wells data processing, by analyzing two important intervals, the software has been confirmed reliable and applied.
首先论述了声、电成像测井原理、仪器结构以及测井质量影响因素,深入分析了成像测井数据的预处理过程和处理方法;针对成像图像的生成和显示方法,采用不同于eXpress的处理技术取得了优于该软件的处理效果,为裂缝识别和裂缝参数定量计算奠定了基础。
基于完成的成像测井数据的预处理和成像图像的生成与显示,研究了成像测井图像增强、滤波、二值化、细化等处理过程,在此基础上重点研究了成像测井资料的裂缝识别方法,包括:电成像测井资料的电导率异常识别裂缝方法、成像测井图像上的人机交互识别裂缝和霍夫变换自动识别裂缝,识别出来的裂缝倾角和倾向参数与岩心资料取得了较大的一致性;同时对裂缝类型进行了定性解释评价,并定量计算了裂缝参数。最后在完成理论方法研究的基础上,开发完成了ImageFracProc声、电成像测井裂缝识别处理软件。应用该软件评价了11口井的声电成像测井资料,详细分析了其中两口井的重点井段,验证了软件的可靠性和实用性。
Along with the enhancement of oil/gas exploration degree, the imaging logging is playing the much more important role in the fractured reservoir’s appraisal because of its viewable and intuitive characteristics. Based on Atlas’s and Schlumberger’s acoustic and electrical imaging logging data ,the paper carried on the fracture identification and the fracture parameter computation , moreover, the software of fracture identification using imaging logging data has been developed successfully and it has obtained good application effect in the actual data processing.
The paper first elaborated the logging principle, the instrument structure as well as the imaging quality influence factor, then through analyzing the methods of image generating and displaying ,the new processing technology are used which is different from the one obtained in the eXpress , this laid the foundation for the fracture identification and the fracture parameter quantitative evaluation. Basing on image logging data pretreatment, generating and displaying which have been done, the paper does the research on image enhance, filter, binaryzation, refinement, then focus on the research in the methods to identify fractures, including: the conductivity abnormality to identify fractures, by man-machine interaction and automatic Hove transforms methods, the fractures identified and the inclination angle are consistent with the results from coring analysis. Meanwhile the qualitative computation on the fracture parameters has carried on. Finally, basing on the theoretical research, the ImageFracProc software has been completed, which has been used in 11 wells data processing, by analyzing two important intervals, the software has been confirmed reliable and applied.
引文
[1] 张丽莉,刘瑞林.两种图像分割算法在 FMI 成像资料中的应用.江汉石油学院学报,1999;4(21):88-90
[2] 周云才,刘瑞林.图像识别方法在 FMI 图像处理中的应用.江汉石油学院学报,2003;6:50-51
[3] 秦巍,陈秀峰.成像测井井壁图像裂缝自动识别.测井技术,2001;25(1):64-69
[4] 邹长春.一类正弦曲线的 Hough 变换快速检测方法.计算机工程与应用,2002;38(4):1-3
[5] 陆敬安,伍忠良,关晓春等.成像测井中的裂缝自动识别方法.测井技术,2004;28(2):115-117
[6] 谭廷栋.裂缝性油气藏测井解释模式与评价方法.北京:石油工业出版社,1987:164~172
[7] 邓攀,陈孟晋,高哲荣等.火山岩储层构造裂缝的测井识别及解释.石油学报,2002;23(6):32-36
[8] 孙建孟,刘蓉,梅基席等.青海柴西地区常规测井裂缝识别方法.测井技术,1999;23(4):268-272
[9] 王鹏,金卫东.声、电成像测井资料裂缝识别技术及其应用.测井技术,2000;24(增):487-49
[10] 周贤斌,姚美兰,闪俊梅.电导率异常检测识别裂缝在 BL 油田低孔低渗油藏中的应用.石油天然气学报,2005;27(1):70-71
[11] 陈钢花,吴文圣,毛克宇,等.利用地层微电阻率成像测井识别裂缝.测井技术,1999;23(4):279-281
[12] 徐星,赵万优.Star-Ⅱ像测井在碳酸盐岩储层评价中的应用.测井技术,2001;25(5):358-364
[13] 耿会聚,王贵文,李军.成像测井图像解释模式及典型解释图板研究.江汉石油学院学报,2002;24(1):26-29
[14] 柯式镇,孙贵霞.井壁电成像测井资料定量评价裂缝的研究.测井技术,2002;26(2):101-103
[15] 贾文玉,田素月,孙耀庭.成像测井技术与应用.北京:石油工业出版社,2000:41-46
[16] Luthi S.M.and Souhaite P.Fracture apertures from electrical borehole scans. Geophysics,1990;55 (7):821-833
[17] Dezayes, C., Villemin, T. Inherited and induced fractures characterized from acoustic and electric borehole images, 1996;197-212
[18] 张建军,潘恒超,李浩.超声成像测井工作原理与影响因素.声学与电子工程,2001;18(2):32-36
[19] 肖加奇,陈文荣,王哲然.用递推最小二乘法对微电阻率扫描测井进行速度与加速度校正.测井技术,1994;18(3):204-211
[20] 何登春,鲍金平.地层倾角测井资料速度校正处理技术,测井与射孔,1999;23(2):37-41
[21] 邵才瑞.井筒数据的 Akima 插值重采样方法.测井技术,2004;28(2):112-114
[22] 王来生.大比例尺地形图机助绘图算法及程序.河北:测绘出版社,1993;12(2):57-63
[23] 余厚全,屈万里,黄载禄.套管井中仪器偏心对井壁超声电视图像的影响及其校正.应用声学,1997;19(3):16-19
[24] Gary James Frisch and Batakrishna Mandal.ADVANCED ULTRASONIC SCANNING TOOL AND EVALUATION METHODS IMPROVE AND STANDARDIZE CASING INSPECTION.SPWLA 42 nd Annual Logging Symposium,2001;17-20
[25] Atlas.STARSTAT.eXpress Reference Manual, 1999; 5-36
[26] 蒋继旺,王秀泽.应用色度学.北京:解放军出版社,1995:130-132
[27] Zhou Shuang-quan,Zhao Da-zun. Neural Network Method for Colorimetry Calibration of Video Cameras. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2000;No.1:256-258
[28] 王秀娟,欧宗瑛,徐晓刚.彩色图像处理中的调色板技术.中国纺织大学学报,1998;24(3):37-40
[29] 孙家广,杨长贵.计算机图形学(新版).北京:清华大学出版社,1994:125-130
[30] Schlumberger.Serra O.Formation MicroScanner Image Interpretation. Schlumberger,1991
[31] Serra J. Image Analysis and Mathematical Morphology. Academic Press,1982;95-117
[32] Sattar F., Tay D.B.H.. Enhancement of document images using multiresolution and fuzzy logic techniques. IEEE Signal Processing Letters,1999;6(10): 249-252
[33] 杨淑莹.VC++图像处理程序设计.第二版.北京:清华大学出版社,2005:207-212
[34] 孙建孟,刘蓉,梅基席等.青海柴西地区常规测井裂缝识别方法.测井技术,1999;23(4):268-272
[35] 常兆光,王清河,宋岱才,等.随机数据处理方法.东营:石油大学出版社,1997:28-29
[36] 王冠贵.地层倾角测井.江汉:江汉石油学院,1983:5-9
[37] 胡建国.岔管过渡曲面计算机辅助几何设计:[硕士论文],武汉大学,武汉:2001
[38] 刁宝成,焦永和.计算机图形学.科学出版社,1999:111-213
[39] 王省富.样条函数及其应用.上海科学技术出版社,1982:20-37
[40] 李庆扬.数值分析基础教程.第一版.北京:高等教育出版社,2001:80-81
[41] 郑南宁.计算机视觉与模式识别.北京:国防工业出版社,1998:89-92
[42] Hough P V C.Method and means for recognizing complex patterns [P].US Patent,1962;(1): 235-238
[43] Delhomme, J.P.,Bedford,J., Col ley, N. M,et al.Permeability and porosity upscaling in the near-wellbore domain-the contribution of borehole electrical images.Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1996;(1): 89-101
[44] Atlas.STARFRAC, eXpress Reference Manual, 1999;(1): 1-56
[45] 乔德新.成像测井资料定量计算方法研究及软件开发:[博士学位论文],中国地质大学(北京),北京:2005
[2] 周云才,刘瑞林.图像识别方法在 FMI 图像处理中的应用.江汉石油学院学报,2003;6:50-51
[3] 秦巍,陈秀峰.成像测井井壁图像裂缝自动识别.测井技术,2001;25(1):64-69
[4] 邹长春.一类正弦曲线的 Hough 变换快速检测方法.计算机工程与应用,2002;38(4):1-3
[5] 陆敬安,伍忠良,关晓春等.成像测井中的裂缝自动识别方法.测井技术,2004;28(2):115-117
[6] 谭廷栋.裂缝性油气藏测井解释模式与评价方法.北京:石油工业出版社,1987:164~172
[7] 邓攀,陈孟晋,高哲荣等.火山岩储层构造裂缝的测井识别及解释.石油学报,2002;23(6):32-36
[8] 孙建孟,刘蓉,梅基席等.青海柴西地区常规测井裂缝识别方法.测井技术,1999;23(4):268-272
[9] 王鹏,金卫东.声、电成像测井资料裂缝识别技术及其应用.测井技术,2000;24(增):487-49
[10] 周贤斌,姚美兰,闪俊梅.电导率异常检测识别裂缝在 BL 油田低孔低渗油藏中的应用.石油天然气学报,2005;27(1):70-71
[11] 陈钢花,吴文圣,毛克宇,等.利用地层微电阻率成像测井识别裂缝.测井技术,1999;23(4):279-281
[12] 徐星,赵万优.Star-Ⅱ像测井在碳酸盐岩储层评价中的应用.测井技术,2001;25(5):358-364
[13] 耿会聚,王贵文,李军.成像测井图像解释模式及典型解释图板研究.江汉石油学院学报,2002;24(1):26-29
[14] 柯式镇,孙贵霞.井壁电成像测井资料定量评价裂缝的研究.测井技术,2002;26(2):101-103
[15] 贾文玉,田素月,孙耀庭.成像测井技术与应用.北京:石油工业出版社,2000:41-46
[16] Luthi S.M.and Souhaite P.Fracture apertures from electrical borehole scans. Geophysics,1990;55 (7):821-833
[17] Dezayes, C., Villemin, T. Inherited and induced fractures characterized from acoustic and electric borehole images, 1996;197-212
[18] 张建军,潘恒超,李浩.超声成像测井工作原理与影响因素.声学与电子工程,2001;18(2):32-36
[19] 肖加奇,陈文荣,王哲然.用递推最小二乘法对微电阻率扫描测井进行速度与加速度校正.测井技术,1994;18(3):204-211
[20] 何登春,鲍金平.地层倾角测井资料速度校正处理技术,测井与射孔,1999;23(2):37-41
[21] 邵才瑞.井筒数据的 Akima 插值重采样方法.测井技术,2004;28(2):112-114
[22] 王来生.大比例尺地形图机助绘图算法及程序.河北:测绘出版社,1993;12(2):57-63
[23] 余厚全,屈万里,黄载禄.套管井中仪器偏心对井壁超声电视图像的影响及其校正.应用声学,1997;19(3):16-19
[24] Gary James Frisch and Batakrishna Mandal.ADVANCED ULTRASONIC SCANNING TOOL AND EVALUATION METHODS IMPROVE AND STANDARDIZE CASING INSPECTION.SPWLA 42 nd Annual Logging Symposium,2001;17-20
[25] Atlas.STARSTAT.eXpress Reference Manual, 1999; 5-36
[26] 蒋继旺,王秀泽.应用色度学.北京:解放军出版社,1995:130-132
[27] Zhou Shuang-quan,Zhao Da-zun. Neural Network Method for Colorimetry Calibration of Video Cameras. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2000;No.1:256-258
[28] 王秀娟,欧宗瑛,徐晓刚.彩色图像处理中的调色板技术.中国纺织大学学报,1998;24(3):37-40
[29] 孙家广,杨长贵.计算机图形学(新版).北京:清华大学出版社,1994:125-130
[30] Schlumberger.Serra O.Formation MicroScanner Image Interpretation. Schlumberger,1991
[31] Serra J. Image Analysis and Mathematical Morphology. Academic Press,1982;95-117
[32] Sattar F., Tay D.B.H.. Enhancement of document images using multiresolution and fuzzy logic techniques. IEEE Signal Processing Letters,1999;6(10): 249-252
[33] 杨淑莹.VC++图像处理程序设计.第二版.北京:清华大学出版社,2005:207-212
[34] 孙建孟,刘蓉,梅基席等.青海柴西地区常规测井裂缝识别方法.测井技术,1999;23(4):268-272
[35] 常兆光,王清河,宋岱才,等.随机数据处理方法.东营:石油大学出版社,1997:28-29
[36] 王冠贵.地层倾角测井.江汉:江汉石油学院,1983:5-9
[37] 胡建国.岔管过渡曲面计算机辅助几何设计:[硕士论文],武汉大学,武汉:2001
[38] 刁宝成,焦永和.计算机图形学.科学出版社,1999:111-213
[39] 王省富.样条函数及其应用.上海科学技术出版社,1982:20-37
[40] 李庆扬.数值分析基础教程.第一版.北京:高等教育出版社,2001:80-81
[41] 郑南宁.计算机视觉与模式识别.北京:国防工业出版社,1998:89-92
[42] Hough P V C.Method and means for recognizing complex patterns [P].US Patent,1962;(1): 235-238
[43] Delhomme, J.P.,Bedford,J., Col ley, N. M,et al.Permeability and porosity upscaling in the near-wellbore domain-the contribution of borehole electrical images.Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1996;(1): 89-101
[44] Atlas.STARFRAC, eXpress Reference Manual, 1999;(1): 1-56
[45] 乔德新.成像测井资料定量计算方法研究及软件开发:[博士学位论文],中国地质大学(北京),北京:2005