采煤工作面仿真系统研究
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摘要
虚拟现实技术是多媒体技术、人工智能技术、计算机图形学、计算机仿真等多项高新技术的集合体,并伴随着各项技术的迅猛发展日渐引起各界的重视,成为计算机领域内一个新的研究方向。虚拟现实技术能够综合利用计算机软硬件及相关技术高度逼真地模拟人在自然环境中的视、听、触等感知行为,给用户以沉浸感较强的环境体验,从而获得沉浸其中的感受和体会。目前,其应用已涉及科研、培训、商业、军事、医学、娱乐等众多领域,将虚拟现实技术应用于煤矿领域尚处在探索阶段。
本文采用先进建模工具Creator建模、高级视景仿真工具Vega驱动、VC++为平台对矿井环境、工作设备等进行仿真,设计实现了虚拟矿井仿真系统。具体所做工作如下:
(1)利用MultiGen Creator进行静态建模,逼真地构建了采煤工作面各种实体模型;建立了煤层的块模型,并利用LOD技术进行了优化;对采煤工作面上主要生产设备进行动态建模,实现了生产工艺过程的动态演示;整合了动态实体模型和非动态实体模型,最终实现了逼真的采煤工作面虚拟场景。
(2)VC环境下的Vega编程实现虚拟场景驱动引擎。建立了一整套可控漫游与自动漫游相结合的漫游系统,使得操控过程更加便捷;采用基于广义包围盒的碰撞检测算法,解决了Vega中碰撞检测方法占用资源大的问题,有效提高了漫游的速度。
(3)建立了虚拟采煤工作面的声音仿真子系统,利用该子系统能够真实的模拟采煤工作面的声音环境,提高系统的沉浸性。
本文在对涉及虚拟现实的几项关键技术分析与综合应用的基础上,合理利用高级建模工具Creator、视景仿真工具Vega等,逼真模拟了采煤工作面复杂的作业环境、真实再现了生产工艺流程,从而为指导现场生产、做好职工安全教育提供了一种崭新模式。
Virtual Reality is a kind of integrative technology related to many high-tech, such as multimedia technology, artificial intelligence technology, computer graphics and simulation, and so on. VR has gotten lots of attention going with the development of these technologies, and it becomes a new investigative direction in computer field. Virtual Reality technology can simulate people's perception acts such as watching, listening and touching realistically by synthetically imposing software, hardware and related technology. So it made participants having the reception and realization of immersing into a virtual world. By now, VR has been widely used in scientific research, cultivating, business, military affairs, iatrology, amusement, and so on. The using of VR in mining is still being in explored moment.
This article has imitated the circumstance of mine, work equipment and the like adopting the procedure of modeling with advanced modeling facility Creator, driving with high-grade imitate tool Vega and using VC++ as flat roof, exploited imitate system of visual mine. The main work contains:
(1) Established perfect static state models using MultiGen Creator. Diversified models of coalface were erected realistically. Established block model of coal bed, and optimized coal bed model using LOD technology. Established perfect dynamic models of main product facilities of the coalface, actualized dynamic demonstration to production technology. Combined dynamic model with static model, then established coalface virtual scene realistically.
(2) Virtual scene was drove by using VC as flat roof based on Vega programming technology; Erected a roam system combining controllable roam and automatic roam which controlled expediently; Solved the matter of huge resources in arithmetic of collide survey in Vega adopting arithmetic of collide survey in generalized besiege box; Advanced the immersion feeling in roam process;
(3)Established sound simulation subsystem of virtual coalface, and the simulated sound of coalface was very authentic, using the sound simulation subsystem. The sound simulation subsystem enhanced immersion of coalface simulation system effectively.
This article has applied the pivotal technique such as high-tech modeling facility Creator, imitating tool Vega and the like logically to realistically simulate the perplexing coalface environment and revealed the produce process dramatically. All work have offered a brand-new pattern of guiding locale production and safety education.
本文采用先进建模工具Creator建模、高级视景仿真工具Vega驱动、VC++为平台对矿井环境、工作设备等进行仿真,设计实现了虚拟矿井仿真系统。具体所做工作如下:
(1)利用MultiGen Creator进行静态建模,逼真地构建了采煤工作面各种实体模型;建立了煤层的块模型,并利用LOD技术进行了优化;对采煤工作面上主要生产设备进行动态建模,实现了生产工艺过程的动态演示;整合了动态实体模型和非动态实体模型,最终实现了逼真的采煤工作面虚拟场景。
(2)VC环境下的Vega编程实现虚拟场景驱动引擎。建立了一整套可控漫游与自动漫游相结合的漫游系统,使得操控过程更加便捷;采用基于广义包围盒的碰撞检测算法,解决了Vega中碰撞检测方法占用资源大的问题,有效提高了漫游的速度。
(3)建立了虚拟采煤工作面的声音仿真子系统,利用该子系统能够真实的模拟采煤工作面的声音环境,提高系统的沉浸性。
本文在对涉及虚拟现实的几项关键技术分析与综合应用的基础上,合理利用高级建模工具Creator、视景仿真工具Vega等,逼真模拟了采煤工作面复杂的作业环境、真实再现了生产工艺流程,从而为指导现场生产、做好职工安全教育提供了一种崭新模式。
Virtual Reality is a kind of integrative technology related to many high-tech, such as multimedia technology, artificial intelligence technology, computer graphics and simulation, and so on. VR has gotten lots of attention going with the development of these technologies, and it becomes a new investigative direction in computer field. Virtual Reality technology can simulate people's perception acts such as watching, listening and touching realistically by synthetically imposing software, hardware and related technology. So it made participants having the reception and realization of immersing into a virtual world. By now, VR has been widely used in scientific research, cultivating, business, military affairs, iatrology, amusement, and so on. The using of VR in mining is still being in explored moment.
This article has imitated the circumstance of mine, work equipment and the like adopting the procedure of modeling with advanced modeling facility Creator, driving with high-grade imitate tool Vega and using VC++ as flat roof, exploited imitate system of visual mine. The main work contains:
(1) Established perfect static state models using MultiGen Creator. Diversified models of coalface were erected realistically. Established block model of coal bed, and optimized coal bed model using LOD technology. Established perfect dynamic models of main product facilities of the coalface, actualized dynamic demonstration to production technology. Combined dynamic model with static model, then established coalface virtual scene realistically.
(2) Virtual scene was drove by using VC as flat roof based on Vega programming technology; Erected a roam system combining controllable roam and automatic roam which controlled expediently; Solved the matter of huge resources in arithmetic of collide survey in Vega adopting arithmetic of collide survey in generalized besiege box; Advanced the immersion feeling in roam process;
(3)Established sound simulation subsystem of virtual coalface, and the simulated sound of coalface was very authentic, using the sound simulation subsystem. The sound simulation subsystem enhanced immersion of coalface simulation system effectively.
This article has applied the pivotal technique such as high-tech modeling facility Creator, imitating tool Vega and the like logically to realistically simulate the perplexing coalface environment and revealed the produce process dramatically. All work have offered a brand-new pattern of guiding locale production and safety education.
引文
1.陈鸿章.矿山系统工程的基本方法与信息论的应用[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2000
2.张幼蒂,王玉浚.采矿系统工程及其发展趋势探讨[J],煤炭学报,1997,22(9):52-56
3.Denby B,Schofield D,Walsha T.Virtual reality for the real time visuallization of environmental date[M].London:27theAPCOM,1998
4.Schofield D,Denby B,Willams M,etc.New applications of computoer graphics and virtual reality in the miner als insustries[J],Mine IT.1 international conference on information technologies in the minerals industry,Natinal Technical Universit of Athens,Greece,1997
5.Crawshaw SAM,Denby B,McClarnon D.The use of virtual reality to simulate room and pillar operations[J],Coal international,1997,245(1):20-22
6.李建忠.采煤工作面pc机虚拟现实技术的研究[D],山西:太原理工大学,2003
7.Bise.C.J.Emerging technology for training of miners[J],Mining Engineering,1997,49(1):37-41
8.Chakraborty,PallabR.Bise,ChristopherJ.Virtual reality based model for task-training of equipment operators in the mining industry[J],Mineral Resources Engineering,World Sci Publ Co Pte Ltd,2000,437-449
9.Squelch,A.P.Virtual reality on mine safety in South Africa[J],The South Africa Institute of Mining and Metallurgy v101 n4,2001(7):209-216
10.Li Qing,Hart Keqi,Shen Yanchun.Research on controllable visualization of mine surface plant and development of virtual environment[J],China University of Mining &Technology v31 n1,2002(1):27-29
11.杨天军.虚拟现实与露天煤矿规划研究[J],矿业快报,2001(2):7-9
12.曾建超,俞志和.虚拟现实的技术及其应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1996
13.汪成为等.灵境(虚拟现实)技术的理论、现实及应用[M].北京:清华大学出版,1996
14.吴家铸,党岗,刘华峰,程志全,阳明.视景仿真技术及应用[M].陕西:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001
15.张茂军.虚拟现实系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2001
16.Ron Wodaski,Donna Brow,蔡智明译.多媒体电脑虚拟现实技巧[M].美国:机械工业出版社,1996
17.杨宝民,朱一宁.分布式虚拟现实技术及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2000
18.赵沁平.基于分布交互仿真的虚拟现实系统研究[M].北京:北京航天航空大学出版社,1999
19.吴立新.数字地球、数字中国、数字矿山[J],矿山测量,2000(1):6.
20.王乘,周均清,李立军.Creator可视化仿真建模技术[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2005
21.MultiGen-Paradigm,Inc.The MultiGen creator desktop tutor[J],Version 3.0.1 for Windows and IRIX,2004(4)
22.MultiGen-Paradigm,Inc.Creator Online Help Summary[J],Version 3.0.1 for Windows and 1RIX,2004(4)
23.常宏.采煤机械虚拟现实三维图形创建及机械运动软件开发[D],北京:中国矿业大学,2002
24.龚卓蓉.Vega程序设计[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2002(8)
25.龚卓蓉.Lynx图形界面[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2002(1)
26.龚卓蓉.可选模块的使用与开发[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2002(4)
27.孟晓梅,刘文庆.MultiGen Creator教程[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2005(7)
28.王乘,周均清,李立军.Vega实时视景仿真技术[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2005
29.南格利.采矿CAD在冬瓜山铜矿设计中的应用研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2000
30.图灵.新概念中文3DS MAX 6.0实用教程[M].上海:上海科学普及出版社,2004
31.南格利.矿体线框模型及其建立方法[J],有色矿山,2001.09,30(5)
32.钟等华.复杂地下洞室群施工交通运输系统仿真与优化研究[J],系统仿真学报,2002(2)
33.徐丹,潘志庚,石教英.虚拟现实中基于图像的绘制技术[J],中国图像图形学报,1998(1)
34.熊伟,毛善君,马蔼乃,刘桥喜.煤矿虚拟环境的巷道几何建模及关键算法研究 [J],测绘通报,2002(8)
35.王宝山,魏占营.煤矿虚拟环境的巷道三维建模研究[J],测绘学院学报,2005(9)
36.王建民.三维巷道建模及其应用研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2005
37.江家谱.金川三维矿山模型的研究与建立[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2005
38.章勤,黄琨,李光明.一种基于OBB的碰撞检测算法的改进[J],华中科技大学学报,自然科学版,2003,3(11):46-48
39.魏迎梅,吴泉源,石教英.虚拟环境中的碰撞检测方法[J],计算机工程与科学,2001,2(32):44-47
40.罗杰。面向建筑的虚拟漫游系统研究与实现[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2000
41.闫永敢.基于PC的装配式虚拟煤矿矿井开发系统的研发与应用[D].太原:太原理工大学,2004
42.刘洪宇.采煤工作面虚拟现实系统应用研究[D].苏州:苏州大学,2005
43.王立文,孟述,韩俊伟.基于DirectSound的飞行模拟机声音仿真[J],中国民航学院学报,2006,24(6)
44.李春洪,毛跃奇,陈贵来,钱自林.基于DirectSound的声音实时仿真研究[J],计算机仿真,2001,18(3)
45.李利军,管涛,段利亚,陈大炜.基于增强现实的声音仿真关键技术研究[J],微电子学与计算机,2006,23(7)
2.张幼蒂,王玉浚.采矿系统工程及其发展趋势探讨[J],煤炭学报,1997,22(9):52-56
3.Denby B,Schofield D,Walsha T.Virtual reality for the real time visuallization of environmental date[M].London:27theAPCOM,1998
4.Schofield D,Denby B,Willams M,etc.New applications of computoer graphics and virtual reality in the miner als insustries[J],Mine IT.1 international conference on information technologies in the minerals industry,Natinal Technical Universit of Athens,Greece,1997
5.Crawshaw SAM,Denby B,McClarnon D.The use of virtual reality to simulate room and pillar operations[J],Coal international,1997,245(1):20-22
6.李建忠.采煤工作面pc机虚拟现实技术的研究[D],山西:太原理工大学,2003
7.Bise.C.J.Emerging technology for training of miners[J],Mining Engineering,1997,49(1):37-41
8.Chakraborty,PallabR.Bise,ChristopherJ.Virtual reality based model for task-training of equipment operators in the mining industry[J],Mineral Resources Engineering,World Sci Publ Co Pte Ltd,2000,437-449
9.Squelch,A.P.Virtual reality on mine safety in South Africa[J],The South Africa Institute of Mining and Metallurgy v101 n4,2001(7):209-216
10.Li Qing,Hart Keqi,Shen Yanchun.Research on controllable visualization of mine surface plant and development of virtual environment[J],China University of Mining &Technology v31 n1,2002(1):27-29
11.杨天军.虚拟现实与露天煤矿规划研究[J],矿业快报,2001(2):7-9
12.曾建超,俞志和.虚拟现实的技术及其应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1996
13.汪成为等.灵境(虚拟现实)技术的理论、现实及应用[M].北京:清华大学出版,1996
14.吴家铸,党岗,刘华峰,程志全,阳明.视景仿真技术及应用[M].陕西:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001
15.张茂军.虚拟现实系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2001
16.Ron Wodaski,Donna Brow,蔡智明译.多媒体电脑虚拟现实技巧[M].美国:机械工业出版社,1996
17.杨宝民,朱一宁.分布式虚拟现实技术及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2000
18.赵沁平.基于分布交互仿真的虚拟现实系统研究[M].北京:北京航天航空大学出版社,1999
19.吴立新.数字地球、数字中国、数字矿山[J],矿山测量,2000(1):6.
20.王乘,周均清,李立军.Creator可视化仿真建模技术[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2005
21.MultiGen-Paradigm,Inc.The MultiGen creator desktop tutor[J],Version 3.0.1 for Windows and IRIX,2004(4)
22.MultiGen-Paradigm,Inc.Creator Online Help Summary[J],Version 3.0.1 for Windows and 1RIX,2004(4)
23.常宏.采煤机械虚拟现实三维图形创建及机械运动软件开发[D],北京:中国矿业大学,2002
24.龚卓蓉.Vega程序设计[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2002(8)
25.龚卓蓉.Lynx图形界面[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2002(1)
26.龚卓蓉.可选模块的使用与开发[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2002(4)
27.孟晓梅,刘文庆.MultiGen Creator教程[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2005(7)
28.王乘,周均清,李立军.Vega实时视景仿真技术[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2005
29.南格利.采矿CAD在冬瓜山铜矿设计中的应用研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2000
30.图灵.新概念中文3DS MAX 6.0实用教程[M].上海:上海科学普及出版社,2004
31.南格利.矿体线框模型及其建立方法[J],有色矿山,2001.09,30(5)
32.钟等华.复杂地下洞室群施工交通运输系统仿真与优化研究[J],系统仿真学报,2002(2)
33.徐丹,潘志庚,石教英.虚拟现实中基于图像的绘制技术[J],中国图像图形学报,1998(1)
34.熊伟,毛善君,马蔼乃,刘桥喜.煤矿虚拟环境的巷道几何建模及关键算法研究 [J],测绘通报,2002(8)
35.王宝山,魏占营.煤矿虚拟环境的巷道三维建模研究[J],测绘学院学报,2005(9)
36.王建民.三维巷道建模及其应用研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2005
37.江家谱.金川三维矿山模型的研究与建立[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2005
38.章勤,黄琨,李光明.一种基于OBB的碰撞检测算法的改进[J],华中科技大学学报,自然科学版,2003,3(11):46-48
39.魏迎梅,吴泉源,石教英.虚拟环境中的碰撞检测方法[J],计算机工程与科学,2001,2(32):44-47
40.罗杰。面向建筑的虚拟漫游系统研究与实现[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2000
41.闫永敢.基于PC的装配式虚拟煤矿矿井开发系统的研发与应用[D].太原:太原理工大学,2004
42.刘洪宇.采煤工作面虚拟现实系统应用研究[D].苏州:苏州大学,2005
43.王立文,孟述,韩俊伟.基于DirectSound的飞行模拟机声音仿真[J],中国民航学院学报,2006,24(6)
44.李春洪,毛跃奇,陈贵来,钱自林.基于DirectSound的声音实时仿真研究[J],计算机仿真,2001,18(3)
45.李利军,管涛,段利亚,陈大炜.基于增强现实的声音仿真关键技术研究[J],微电子学与计算机,2006,23(7)