减速电机驱动的绿色夹具系统研究
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摘要
目前在机械制造领域广泛采用的机动夹具,主要是液压传动或气压传动夹具。这两类夹具的能量传递路线,中间环节多,能量损失较大。此外,液压传动还会因油液挥发及泄漏而造成环境污染。因此,流体传动夹具不能适应制造技术绿色化的发展要求。
本论文重点研究减速电机在夹具夹紧装置中应用的问题,具体成果如下:
(1)对减速电机技术和夹具中的自锁机构进行了系统分析,为其在不同夹具中的选择应用提供必要资料;
(2)提出了以串联组合自锁增力机构与减速电机进行组合,已解决步进电机输出力不足及不运动时维以保持持续作用力的技术难题,破解了减速电机在夹具中应用的关键问题;
(3)对增力机构和串联组合增力自锁机构做了较系统研究及创新设计,并给出了不同机构的力学计算公式,以供工程技术领域的人员参考;
(4)设计了多种以减速电机为驱动的基于增力自锁机构的夹紧装置,说明了它们的工作原理与技术特点,以利于该技术在机械制造领域推广应用。
本文研究的减速电机驱动的夹紧装置,是一种绿色化的夹紧技术,具有以下突出优点:
(1)不存在环境污染;
(2)直接使用电能驱动,能量传递路线短,能量转换装置少,能源利用率高,且总体成本大大降低;
(3)夹紧装置在加工过程中,减速电机停止工作,不再消耗能源;
(4)与液压或气压的夹紧装置相比,结构紧凑,制造成本低。
At present, the vast majority of the mobile fixtures using in the field of machinery manufacturing are the hydraulic or pneumatic transmission fixture. The energy transfer line of the two types of the fixtures will result in greater energy loss because they go through a number of links from the energy input to mechanical output clamping component. In addition, the hydraulic transmission will cause environmental pollution due to the evaporation and leakage of the oil. Therefore, the fluid transmission fixture cannot meet the requirement of development of green manufacturing.
This paper focuses on how to use the gear step motor in the clamping fixture, and the concrete results achieved are as follows:
(1) Provide the necessary information for choosing the gear step motor; provide the necessary information for self-lock structure.
(2) Put forward a series combination of self-locking force agencies combined with gear motor, in order to resolve the technical issues of lacking of output force of the gear motor and maintain a stable force when the gear motor is not moving and break the key issue in the application of the gear motor in the fixture.
(3) Analysis force agency more systematically, research and develop more innovative series combined with institutional self-locking system, and give the formula of the different mechanics for reference of the engineering and technology.
(4) Design a variety of clamping devices driven by gear step motor and based on self-locking agencies force, and illustrate its working principle and technical characteristics for the application of the technology in the field of machinery.
The clamping device driven by the gear motor in this paper is a clamping of green technology, which has the following prominent advantages:
(1) There is no environmental pollution.
(2) Driven by the power directly can have short energy transfer line, less energy conversion devices, higher energy efficiency and the overall costs can be reduced vastly.
(3) The linear motor stops working during the processing, so the clamping device will not consume energy.
(4) The clamping device will needn’t a huge reducer; So it has compact structure and low manufacturing costs.
本论文重点研究减速电机在夹具夹紧装置中应用的问题,具体成果如下:
(1)对减速电机技术和夹具中的自锁机构进行了系统分析,为其在不同夹具中的选择应用提供必要资料;
(2)提出了以串联组合自锁增力机构与减速电机进行组合,已解决步进电机输出力不足及不运动时维以保持持续作用力的技术难题,破解了减速电机在夹具中应用的关键问题;
(3)对增力机构和串联组合增力自锁机构做了较系统研究及创新设计,并给出了不同机构的力学计算公式,以供工程技术领域的人员参考;
(4)设计了多种以减速电机为驱动的基于增力自锁机构的夹紧装置,说明了它们的工作原理与技术特点,以利于该技术在机械制造领域推广应用。
本文研究的减速电机驱动的夹紧装置,是一种绿色化的夹紧技术,具有以下突出优点:
(1)不存在环境污染;
(2)直接使用电能驱动,能量传递路线短,能量转换装置少,能源利用率高,且总体成本大大降低;
(3)夹紧装置在加工过程中,减速电机停止工作,不再消耗能源;
(4)与液压或气压的夹紧装置相比,结构紧凑,制造成本低。
At present, the vast majority of the mobile fixtures using in the field of machinery manufacturing are the hydraulic or pneumatic transmission fixture. The energy transfer line of the two types of the fixtures will result in greater energy loss because they go through a number of links from the energy input to mechanical output clamping component. In addition, the hydraulic transmission will cause environmental pollution due to the evaporation and leakage of the oil. Therefore, the fluid transmission fixture cannot meet the requirement of development of green manufacturing.
This paper focuses on how to use the gear step motor in the clamping fixture, and the concrete results achieved are as follows:
(1) Provide the necessary information for choosing the gear step motor; provide the necessary information for self-lock structure.
(2) Put forward a series combination of self-locking force agencies combined with gear motor, in order to resolve the technical issues of lacking of output force of the gear motor and maintain a stable force when the gear motor is not moving and break the key issue in the application of the gear motor in the fixture.
(3) Analysis force agency more systematically, research and develop more innovative series combined with institutional self-locking system, and give the formula of the different mechanics for reference of the engineering and technology.
(4) Design a variety of clamping devices driven by gear step motor and based on self-locking agencies force, and illustrate its working principle and technical characteristics for the application of the technology in the field of machinery.
The clamping device driven by the gear motor in this paper is a clamping of green technology, which has the following prominent advantages:
(1) There is no environmental pollution.
(2) Driven by the power directly can have short energy transfer line, less energy conversion devices, higher energy efficiency and the overall costs can be reduced vastly.
(3) The linear motor stops working during the processing, so the clamping device will not consume energy.
(4) The clamping device will needn’t a huge reducer; So it has compact structure and low manufacturing costs.
引文
[1]洪业.工业机器人新型终端抓拿机构的设计.华北工学院学报,1996,17(2):169-175
[2]于传浩,章涤峰.一种气动机械手夹持机构的设计.液压气动与密封,2003(5):22,28
[3]盛小明,钟康民.带增力机构的工业机器人手臂末端夹持器.机械制造, 2005,43(9):67-68.
[4]王明娣,钟康民,左敦稳.气动肌腱驱动的铰杆-杠杆增力机械手.机械制造, 2005,43(9):67-68.
[5]宋学义主编.袖珍液压气动技术手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1995.
[6]陆雯,钟康民.平行同步双边铰杆增力机构及其在液压传动中的应用.工程机械,2005(1):45-46.
[7]林文焕,陈本通编著.机床夹具设计[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1987.
[8]侯伟丽.21世纪中国绿色发展问题研究[J].南都学坛(人文社会科学报),2004,24(3):106-110
[9]柏青,钟康民.基于三级增力机构的气动肌腱压紧装置.液压与气动2007,(1):67-68
[10]柏青,钟康民.基于气压传动的偏心夹紧装置.液压与气动2007,(2):85-86.
[11]黄德中.工程机械的绿色设计[J].水利电力机械,2004,26,4:32-34.
[12]王益群,曹栋璞,郎静.纯水液压传动及其展望[J].机床与液压,2003,(1):13～15.
[13] [美Is.A.纳斯尔.直线电机FM].科学出版社·1982.
[14]刘飞,张华,陈晓慧.绿色制造的决策框架模型及其应用[J].机械工程学报,1999,35(5):11～15.
[15]刘飞,曹华军.绿色制造的理论体系框架.中国机械工程,2000,11(9):961～964.
[16]刘志峰,刘光复.绿色制造系统模型及绿色制造工艺开发[J].机电一体化,1998(2):8～10.
[17]王西彬.绿色切削加工技术的研究[J].机械工程学报,2000,36(8):6～9,14.
[18]柏青,钟康民.一种采用铰杆连接的气-液增压装置.流体传动与控制,2006,(3):31-35.
[19]叶云岳.直线电机原理与应用[M].机械工业出版社.2000.
[20] Edward G Hoffman. Jig and Fixture[M]. Fourth Edition. Albany,USA: Delmar Publishers, 1996.
[21]林文焕,陈本通编著.机床夹具设计[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1987.
[22]孙承峰,钟康民.解决铰杆-杠杆增力液压夹具自由度不足的新方法—滚动高副取代低副法[J].机床与液压,2008,36(10):255-256.
[23]机床设计手册(3.部件、机构及总体设计),机械工业出版社,1986,708页
[24]林文焕,陈本通编著.机床夹具设计.北京:国防工业出版社,1987,310～315页.
[25]刘文剑主编.夹具工程师手册.哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社1992.
[26]王维,钟康民.基于圆柱-双斜楔面增力的冲击式自锁压紧装置[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2006(7)81-82.
[27] HIRAM E.GEANT编著.北京机床研究所译.夹具—非标准夹紧装置.北京:机械工业出版社,1975.
[28]钟康民等.基于斜楔增力的离心式内孔夹具[J].新技术新工艺,1995(5),17-18.
[23]钟康民等.钢球增力液压夹具[J].制造技术与机床,1999(11),47-48.
[24] Zhong Kangmin , Guo Peiquan. Orthogonal reinforcement mechanism and hydraulic drive. In: Proceedings of tenth world congress on the theory of machines and mechanisms(Vol5). Oulu, Finland: Oulu University Press,1999, 2037～2042.
[25]钟康民等.正交增力离心式离合器[J].机械工程学报,2000(04),38-40.
[26]苏东宁等.三种单边正交增力液压夹具的技术性能的比较[J].机床与液压,2003(04),301-302.
[27]王明娣,钟康民.钢球传力式定位-锁紧组合元件及其力学计算[J].机械制造,2003(11),49-50.
[28]钟康民.偏心夹紧流体传动夹具.新技术新工艺,2003,(12):26-27.
[29]曹华,钟康民.基于无杆活塞缸与机械增力机构的液压-机械复合传动装置[J].液压与气动,2004(11),71-72.
[30]王兵,钟康民.并联式双作用双级气液复合传动装置[J].液压与气动,2004(06),59-61.
[31]于江海等.基于无杆活塞液压缸与对称型斜面-钢球-斜面二次增力机构的复合传动系统[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2004(11),49-50.
[32]钟康民,王德云.双面斜楔增力液压传动夹具[J].制造技术与机床,2004(06),79-79.
[33]柏青,钟康民.基于直线电机驱动的双作用双级增压装置.液压与气动2007,(9).
[34]柏青,钟康民.基于直线电机驱动的四级正交增力装置.轻工机械2008,(5).
[35]柏青,钟康民.直线电机驱动的二级增力压紧装置.轻工机械,2008,26(5): 100-101..
[2]于传浩,章涤峰.一种气动机械手夹持机构的设计.液压气动与密封,2003(5):22,28
[3]盛小明,钟康民.带增力机构的工业机器人手臂末端夹持器.机械制造, 2005,43(9):67-68.
[4]王明娣,钟康民,左敦稳.气动肌腱驱动的铰杆-杠杆增力机械手.机械制造, 2005,43(9):67-68.
[5]宋学义主编.袖珍液压气动技术手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1995.
[6]陆雯,钟康民.平行同步双边铰杆增力机构及其在液压传动中的应用.工程机械,2005(1):45-46.
[7]林文焕,陈本通编著.机床夹具设计[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1987.
[8]侯伟丽.21世纪中国绿色发展问题研究[J].南都学坛(人文社会科学报),2004,24(3):106-110
[9]柏青,钟康民.基于三级增力机构的气动肌腱压紧装置.液压与气动2007,(1):67-68
[10]柏青,钟康民.基于气压传动的偏心夹紧装置.液压与气动2007,(2):85-86.
[11]黄德中.工程机械的绿色设计[J].水利电力机械,2004,26,4:32-34.
[12]王益群,曹栋璞,郎静.纯水液压传动及其展望[J].机床与液压,2003,(1):13～15.
[13] [美Is.A.纳斯尔.直线电机FM].科学出版社·1982.
[14]刘飞,张华,陈晓慧.绿色制造的决策框架模型及其应用[J].机械工程学报,1999,35(5):11～15.
[15]刘飞,曹华军.绿色制造的理论体系框架.中国机械工程,2000,11(9):961～964.
[16]刘志峰,刘光复.绿色制造系统模型及绿色制造工艺开发[J].机电一体化,1998(2):8～10.
[17]王西彬.绿色切削加工技术的研究[J].机械工程学报,2000,36(8):6～9,14.
[18]柏青,钟康民.一种采用铰杆连接的气-液增压装置.流体传动与控制,2006,(3):31-35.
[19]叶云岳.直线电机原理与应用[M].机械工业出版社.2000.
[20] Edward G Hoffman. Jig and Fixture[M]. Fourth Edition. Albany,USA: Delmar Publishers, 1996.
[21]林文焕,陈本通编著.机床夹具设计[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1987.
[22]孙承峰,钟康民.解决铰杆-杠杆增力液压夹具自由度不足的新方法—滚动高副取代低副法[J].机床与液压,2008,36(10):255-256.
[23]机床设计手册(3.部件、机构及总体设计),机械工业出版社,1986,708页
[24]林文焕,陈本通编著.机床夹具设计.北京:国防工业出版社,1987,310～315页.
[25]刘文剑主编.夹具工程师手册.哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社1992.
[26]王维,钟康民.基于圆柱-双斜楔面增力的冲击式自锁压紧装置[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2006(7)81-82.
[27] HIRAM E.GEANT编著.北京机床研究所译.夹具—非标准夹紧装置.北京:机械工业出版社,1975.
[28]钟康民等.基于斜楔增力的离心式内孔夹具[J].新技术新工艺,1995(5),17-18.
[23]钟康民等.钢球增力液压夹具[J].制造技术与机床,1999(11),47-48.
[24] Zhong Kangmin , Guo Peiquan. Orthogonal reinforcement mechanism and hydraulic drive. In: Proceedings of tenth world congress on the theory of machines and mechanisms(Vol5). Oulu, Finland: Oulu University Press,1999, 2037～2042.
[25]钟康民等.正交增力离心式离合器[J].机械工程学报,2000(04),38-40.
[26]苏东宁等.三种单边正交增力液压夹具的技术性能的比较[J].机床与液压,2003(04),301-302.
[27]王明娣,钟康民.钢球传力式定位-锁紧组合元件及其力学计算[J].机械制造,2003(11),49-50.
[28]钟康民.偏心夹紧流体传动夹具.新技术新工艺,2003,(12):26-27.
[29]曹华,钟康民.基于无杆活塞缸与机械增力机构的液压-机械复合传动装置[J].液压与气动,2004(11),71-72.
[30]王兵,钟康民.并联式双作用双级气液复合传动装置[J].液压与气动,2004(06),59-61.
[31]于江海等.基于无杆活塞液压缸与对称型斜面-钢球-斜面二次增力机构的复合传动系统[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2004(11),49-50.
[32]钟康民,王德云.双面斜楔增力液压传动夹具[J].制造技术与机床,2004(06),79-79.
[33]柏青,钟康民.基于直线电机驱动的双作用双级增压装置.液压与气动2007,(9).
[34]柏青,钟康民.基于直线电机驱动的四级正交增力装置.轻工机械2008,(5).
[35]柏青,钟康民.直线电机驱动的二级增力压紧装置.轻工机械,2008,26(5): 100-101..