终南山公路隧道岩爆发生机理研究
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摘要
岩爆是影响公路隧道安全施工的重要灾害之一,岩爆发生机理研究是影响隧道施工安全的关键技术问题之一。开展高速公路隧道岩爆发生机理研究具有重要的工程应用价值。本文以终南山特长公路隧道工程为依托,以岩爆问题为研究主线,开展了终南山公路隧道岩爆机理、预测方法和防治技术研究。
秦岭终南山公路隧道地质条件复杂,岩爆问题是主要灾害。基于秦岭终南山特长公路隧道区域的工程地质条件,论述了有关岩爆基本概念及预测方法的研究成果,讨论了岩爆的力学特性,分析了岩爆岩石的破坏特征和机理,表明在岩爆的形成发生过程中既有张性劈裂破坏,也有剪切破坏,是以劈裂破坏为主的张剪复合型破坏机理。对岩爆的影响因素进行研究的结果表明,引起岩爆的原因非常复杂,与地应力状况、地层岩性、埋深、岩体结构、地下水与开挖断面的大小、形状、开挖方法等诸多因素有关,其中地应力条件和地层岩性是产生岩爆的决定性因素,其他因素的影响也是不可忽视的。
通过对研究区地应力、岩性条件、岩体结构、地质构造等方面的分析并结合岩石力学试验研究发现,秦岭终南公路隧道2号通风竖井及风道系统已达到中等～高等地应力条件,满足发生岩爆的地应力条件,在Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级围岩地段施工中可能发生轻微～中等程度岩爆。预测了主要岩爆地段并提出了防治的技术措施。
Rock burst is one of the main disasters which effect the safe construction of road tunnel. Study on occurrence mechanism of rock bust is one of the key technology problems which effect the safe construction of tunnel. Research on the occurrence mechanism of rock bust has very important engineering value. Combining with the engineering practice of the extra-long road tunnel of zhongnan mountain and focus on the rock burst, this paper discusses the rock burst mechanism, prediction and prevention of the zhongnan mountain road tunnel.
The geological condition of the qinling zhongnan mountain road tunnel is complicated, and rock burst is the main disaster. Based on the engineering geological conditions of qinling zhongnan mountain Extra-long road tunnel,this article has concluded several research results about the basic conception of rock burst and prediction, made a discussion about mechanical properties of rock burst and analyzed the failure characteristics and mechanism of the burst rock. This text suggests that either tensile splitting failure or shear failure occurred during the formation of the rock burst. It’s tensional and shearing compound failure mechanism based on splitting failure. At the same time, after systematically analyzing the influencing factors of rock burst, the reasons leading to rock burst is considered very complex. It concerned about many factors such as land stress situations, bottom lithology, buried depth, rock-mass structures, groundwater, the size and the shape of excavation section, excavation method and so on. The land stress conditions and bottom layer lithology are decisive factor to the rock burst producing and other factors cannot be ignored.
Through the analysis of ground stress in study area, lithology conditions, rock mass structures, geological structure combining with the researching of tests of rock mechanics about rock burst, considered that number 2 ventilation shafts and air duct system of the Qinling Tunnel Zhongnan has reached the middle ~ higher stress conditions which meet the rock burst stress conditions, it may occurred Minor ~ moderate rock burst surrounding the construction in IV and V surrounding rock. It predicted the major rock burst lot and proposed the prevent measures.
秦岭终南山公路隧道地质条件复杂,岩爆问题是主要灾害。基于秦岭终南山特长公路隧道区域的工程地质条件,论述了有关岩爆基本概念及预测方法的研究成果,讨论了岩爆的力学特性,分析了岩爆岩石的破坏特征和机理,表明在岩爆的形成发生过程中既有张性劈裂破坏,也有剪切破坏,是以劈裂破坏为主的张剪复合型破坏机理。对岩爆的影响因素进行研究的结果表明,引起岩爆的原因非常复杂,与地应力状况、地层岩性、埋深、岩体结构、地下水与开挖断面的大小、形状、开挖方法等诸多因素有关,其中地应力条件和地层岩性是产生岩爆的决定性因素,其他因素的影响也是不可忽视的。
通过对研究区地应力、岩性条件、岩体结构、地质构造等方面的分析并结合岩石力学试验研究发现,秦岭终南公路隧道2号通风竖井及风道系统已达到中等～高等地应力条件,满足发生岩爆的地应力条件,在Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级围岩地段施工中可能发生轻微～中等程度岩爆。预测了主要岩爆地段并提出了防治的技术措施。
Rock burst is one of the main disasters which effect the safe construction of road tunnel. Study on occurrence mechanism of rock bust is one of the key technology problems which effect the safe construction of tunnel. Research on the occurrence mechanism of rock bust has very important engineering value. Combining with the engineering practice of the extra-long road tunnel of zhongnan mountain and focus on the rock burst, this paper discusses the rock burst mechanism, prediction and prevention of the zhongnan mountain road tunnel.
The geological condition of the qinling zhongnan mountain road tunnel is complicated, and rock burst is the main disaster. Based on the engineering geological conditions of qinling zhongnan mountain Extra-long road tunnel,this article has concluded several research results about the basic conception of rock burst and prediction, made a discussion about mechanical properties of rock burst and analyzed the failure characteristics and mechanism of the burst rock. This text suggests that either tensile splitting failure or shear failure occurred during the formation of the rock burst. It’s tensional and shearing compound failure mechanism based on splitting failure. At the same time, after systematically analyzing the influencing factors of rock burst, the reasons leading to rock burst is considered very complex. It concerned about many factors such as land stress situations, bottom lithology, buried depth, rock-mass structures, groundwater, the size and the shape of excavation section, excavation method and so on. The land stress conditions and bottom layer lithology are decisive factor to the rock burst producing and other factors cannot be ignored.
Through the analysis of ground stress in study area, lithology conditions, rock mass structures, geological structure combining with the researching of tests of rock mechanics about rock burst, considered that number 2 ventilation shafts and air duct system of the Qinling Tunnel Zhongnan has reached the middle ~ higher stress conditions which meet the rock burst stress conditions, it may occurred Minor ~ moderate rock burst surrounding the construction in IV and V surrounding rock. It predicted the major rock burst lot and proposed the prevent measures.
引文
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