贺兰山岩羊食性分析
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摘要
2008年4月-5月,5月-6月,9月-10月和12月-2月在岩羊分布区域的10个沟系采集新鲜粪样计40个复合样本,采用粪便显微分析法分析贺兰山岩羊的全年食物组成和比例。结果显示贺兰山岩羊全年采食的植物类别共有25科54种(属),采食各科植物中禾本科、蔷薇科、榆科和豆科全年所占比例较高,组成了岩羊全年的主要食物。其中针茅(Stipa spp.)、早熟禾(Poa spp.)和灰榆(Ulmus pumila)在四个季节里均具有较高的RD值,针茅RD值全年平均为27.22%；灰榆RD值全年平均为18.15%。早熟禾RD值全年平均为14.87%,三者为岩羊全年的大宗食物。
贺兰山岩羊对不同类别植物的取食存在季节性差异,乔木在食物中出现的频率较高,其RD值在冬季、春季和秋季分别为30.41%、19.30%和21.25%,夏季最低为8.67%。灌木在春季和冬季食物组成中的比例较高,分别为22.76%和34.12%,秋季次之为18.24%,夏季最低为3.97%。禾本科草本类植物在岩羊全年的食物组成中的比例均较高,RD值平均为49.48%。但是冬季相对较低27.55%,这主要由于冬季食物的缺乏、取食生境的植被特征以及和其他有蹄类之间的种间竞争导致的。非禾本科植物在岩羊全年食物中的组成比例明显低于其他三个类别的植物,平均为10.85%。
对岩羊粪样镜检结果计算Shannon-Wiener指数H’、均匀度指数J’、生态位宽度指数B分析岩羊四个季节食物组成及其多样性,三个指数存在季节性差异。H’冬季最高为3.35,春季最低,为2.90。均匀度指数J’冬季最高为1.07,秋季最低为0.83。食物生态位宽度B冬季高于其他三个季节,为6.44。
Based on 40 composite samples of fresh feces of blue sheep collected from 10 valleys which located within the range of distribution of blue sheep during April to May2008, May to June2008, September to October 2008 and December 2008 to February 2009, the annual food component and proportion of blue sheep were studied with the fecal micro histological analysis. Results showed that blue sheep consumed 54 plant species or genus from 25 families annually, Poaceae, Rosaceae, Ulmaceae, Leguminosae were at high proportion with high average relative densities (RD):Stipa spp. (27.22%), Poa spp. (14.87%) and Ulmus pumila(18.15%) in each season of a year, and they were the main food of blue sheep.
The types of vegetation foraged by blue sheep are seasonally different. Trees had a very high frequency in the food composition, with a relative density (RD) of 30.41% in winter, 19.30% in spring and 21.25% in autumn, lowest in summer at 8.67%. Shrubs take a high proportion in the food composition of blue sheep in spring (RD=22.76%) and winter (RD=34.12%), but lower in autumn (RD=18.24%) and lowest in summer (RD=3.97%). Herbaceous of poaceae is at a very high proportion in the annually food composition of blue sheep, the average RD is 49.48%, but it is lower in winter (27.55%) due to lacking of food, unique vegetation character of feeding habitat and interspecies competition with some other ungulates. Herbaceous of non-poaceae is at a proportion of 10.85% on the average, lower than other three kinds of vegetation.
Analyze the food composition and diversity of blue sheep with Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), Shannon evenness index (J') and niche width index (B), the result shows that these three indexes are seasonally different. Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') is highest in winter (3.35) and lowest in spring (2.90), Shannon evenness index (J') is highest in winter (1.07) and lowest in autumn (0.83), the niche width index (B) in winter (6.44) is highest among the indexes in four seasons.
贺兰山岩羊对不同类别植物的取食存在季节性差异,乔木在食物中出现的频率较高,其RD值在冬季、春季和秋季分别为30.41%、19.30%和21.25%,夏季最低为8.67%。灌木在春季和冬季食物组成中的比例较高,分别为22.76%和34.12%,秋季次之为18.24%,夏季最低为3.97%。禾本科草本类植物在岩羊全年的食物组成中的比例均较高,RD值平均为49.48%。但是冬季相对较低27.55%,这主要由于冬季食物的缺乏、取食生境的植被特征以及和其他有蹄类之间的种间竞争导致的。非禾本科植物在岩羊全年食物中的组成比例明显低于其他三个类别的植物,平均为10.85%。
对岩羊粪样镜检结果计算Shannon-Wiener指数H’、均匀度指数J’、生态位宽度指数B分析岩羊四个季节食物组成及其多样性,三个指数存在季节性差异。H’冬季最高为3.35,春季最低,为2.90。均匀度指数J’冬季最高为1.07,秋季最低为0.83。食物生态位宽度B冬季高于其他三个季节,为6.44。
Based on 40 composite samples of fresh feces of blue sheep collected from 10 valleys which located within the range of distribution of blue sheep during April to May2008, May to June2008, September to October 2008 and December 2008 to February 2009, the annual food component and proportion of blue sheep were studied with the fecal micro histological analysis. Results showed that blue sheep consumed 54 plant species or genus from 25 families annually, Poaceae, Rosaceae, Ulmaceae, Leguminosae were at high proportion with high average relative densities (RD):Stipa spp. (27.22%), Poa spp. (14.87%) and Ulmus pumila(18.15%) in each season of a year, and they were the main food of blue sheep.
The types of vegetation foraged by blue sheep are seasonally different. Trees had a very high frequency in the food composition, with a relative density (RD) of 30.41% in winter, 19.30% in spring and 21.25% in autumn, lowest in summer at 8.67%. Shrubs take a high proportion in the food composition of blue sheep in spring (RD=22.76%) and winter (RD=34.12%), but lower in autumn (RD=18.24%) and lowest in summer (RD=3.97%). Herbaceous of poaceae is at a very high proportion in the annually food composition of blue sheep, the average RD is 49.48%, but it is lower in winter (27.55%) due to lacking of food, unique vegetation character of feeding habitat and interspecies competition with some other ungulates. Herbaceous of non-poaceae is at a proportion of 10.85% on the average, lower than other three kinds of vegetation.
Analyze the food composition and diversity of blue sheep with Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), Shannon evenness index (J') and niche width index (B), the result shows that these three indexes are seasonally different. Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') is highest in winter (3.35) and lowest in spring (2.90), Shannon evenness index (J') is highest in winter (1.07) and lowest in autumn (0.83), the niche width index (B) in winter (6.44) is highest among the indexes in four seasons.
引文
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