前卫村高浊度水体的生态修复机理研究
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摘要
基于上海市科委重大科技攻关项目《崇明岛域水环境演变规律与水质改善技术研究》(课题编号:06DZ12307),在上海市崇明前卫村进行人工湿地复合生态系统(ICW)对富营养化地表水体治理。通过试验装置研究分析、复合湿地系统的运行监测,研究人工湿地复合生态系统对污染物,特别是氮磷的去除机理。
本研究建立了人工湿地系统试验模型,并监测中试工程的运行情况。通过试验装置研究了不同运行条件对污水净化效果的影响,并分别研究了人工湿地和氧化塘对净化水质作用的影响,对复合系统的脱氮除磷的机理进行了分析。
采用农村生活污水直接培养的方式对氧化塘进行培养和驯化,一般情况约5d可培养成功。氧化塘内藻菌共生体系在培养过程中存在藻类、亚硝酸菌、硝酸菌依次生长过程,当亚硝酸菌和硝酸菌达到平衡时,藻菌共生系统培养成熟。藻菌共生系统的培养需要约25～30d的时间;人工湿地无需培养,接氧化塘出水直接进行启动。复合系统具有培养简单、启动快等优点,有利于在农村地区的推广应用。
对中心湖水氮磷含量与悬浮物含量的关系进行研究。结果表明:水体中的磷主要以不溶态为主,总磷(TP)的浓度与浊度呈线性关系;总氮与浊度并无这种关系,说明地表水中存在大量不溶态的磷,而不溶态的氮含量不多。
分析了复合系统(ICW)各部分脱氮除磷的机理。湿地基质选用的石灰石和陶粒不仅可以调节水体的pH值,还在磷的去除上起到了关键的作用。另外,陶粒多孔、比表面积大,有利于微生物附着。
通过控制小试系统的进水量,研究了复合系统在不同水力负荷条件下对污染物的处理效率。结果表明:随着水力负荷的降低,浊度的去除率会提高,但是水力降低到0.015m~3/m~2·h以下时,浊度的去除率基本上不再提高。
通过大量的实验数据,结合国内外有关研究,建立了针对崇明水体的数学模型,可用于该系统处理效果的预测。
人工湿地复合生态系统工程对前卫村中心湖水进行净化处理,使水质由过去的劣Ⅴ提高到了目前的Ⅱ、Ⅲ类,并能够维持在此水平,取得了一定的实际效果。
Based on the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality program "Research on high efficient removal of contaminants from high turbid matter and key technologies of ecological restoration for the rural river system of Chongming"(Grant No.06DZ12307), the phenomenon of eutrophic water was studied by the integrated constructed wetland ecological system at Qianwei village of Shanghai. The effect of water purification and the mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus removal by the ICW were also studied.
A constructed wetland system was built, and its purification efficiency was simulated under different operating conditions. The role of Stuff, Oxidation pond and algae and the mechanism of Nitrogen and phosphorus removal by the ICW were studied.
The oxygen pond was cultivated directly in domestic sewage under appropriate weather conditions. After about 5-day cultivation, it was concluded that there was a time sequence of the growth of aerobi heterotrophic bacteria, nitrosomonas, nitrobacer in the cultivation process. The cultivation took about 25～30d. The algae cultivation in the system was simple and the startup was quick. Both were good for the application of the ICW system in rural areas.
The study between the nitrogen, phosphorus and SS show that most of the phosphorus in Chongming surface water is insoluble, Density of TP linear with the turbidity and little insoluble nitrogen exists.
The Contribution of each part of ICW in nitrogen & phosphorus removal was analyzed. The stuff of wetland can adjust the pH and plays an important role in phosphorus removal. Ceramic pellet have many holes and relative surface product, so it's a good habitat for microorganisms; Oxygen pond can reduce the suspension density (SS) and the load of the wastewater.
The effect of multiplexed system under the different water load conditions on the pollutants removal rate was studied. The result indicated that turbidity removal rate decreases with the rise of water load, and it remained constant when the water load reduces to 0.015m~3 /m~2·h below,
Through the massive experimental data and related researches at home and abroad, the Chongming water mathematical model was formed and it can be used to forecast the system processing water quality.
The central lake water quality was greatly improved by use of the ICW system project. It changed to be II, III from poor V, and the ICW had passed expert group's approval of the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality.
本研究建立了人工湿地系统试验模型,并监测中试工程的运行情况。通过试验装置研究了不同运行条件对污水净化效果的影响,并分别研究了人工湿地和氧化塘对净化水质作用的影响,对复合系统的脱氮除磷的机理进行了分析。
采用农村生活污水直接培养的方式对氧化塘进行培养和驯化,一般情况约5d可培养成功。氧化塘内藻菌共生体系在培养过程中存在藻类、亚硝酸菌、硝酸菌依次生长过程,当亚硝酸菌和硝酸菌达到平衡时,藻菌共生系统培养成熟。藻菌共生系统的培养需要约25～30d的时间;人工湿地无需培养,接氧化塘出水直接进行启动。复合系统具有培养简单、启动快等优点,有利于在农村地区的推广应用。
对中心湖水氮磷含量与悬浮物含量的关系进行研究。结果表明:水体中的磷主要以不溶态为主,总磷(TP)的浓度与浊度呈线性关系;总氮与浊度并无这种关系,说明地表水中存在大量不溶态的磷,而不溶态的氮含量不多。
分析了复合系统(ICW)各部分脱氮除磷的机理。湿地基质选用的石灰石和陶粒不仅可以调节水体的pH值,还在磷的去除上起到了关键的作用。另外,陶粒多孔、比表面积大,有利于微生物附着。
通过控制小试系统的进水量,研究了复合系统在不同水力负荷条件下对污染物的处理效率。结果表明:随着水力负荷的降低,浊度的去除率会提高,但是水力降低到0.015m~3/m~2·h以下时,浊度的去除率基本上不再提高。
通过大量的实验数据,结合国内外有关研究,建立了针对崇明水体的数学模型,可用于该系统处理效果的预测。
人工湿地复合生态系统工程对前卫村中心湖水进行净化处理,使水质由过去的劣Ⅴ提高到了目前的Ⅱ、Ⅲ类,并能够维持在此水平,取得了一定的实际效果。
Based on the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality program "Research on high efficient removal of contaminants from high turbid matter and key technologies of ecological restoration for the rural river system of Chongming"(Grant No.06DZ12307), the phenomenon of eutrophic water was studied by the integrated constructed wetland ecological system at Qianwei village of Shanghai. The effect of water purification and the mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus removal by the ICW were also studied.
A constructed wetland system was built, and its purification efficiency was simulated under different operating conditions. The role of Stuff, Oxidation pond and algae and the mechanism of Nitrogen and phosphorus removal by the ICW were studied.
The oxygen pond was cultivated directly in domestic sewage under appropriate weather conditions. After about 5-day cultivation, it was concluded that there was a time sequence of the growth of aerobi heterotrophic bacteria, nitrosomonas, nitrobacer in the cultivation process. The cultivation took about 25～30d. The algae cultivation in the system was simple and the startup was quick. Both were good for the application of the ICW system in rural areas.
The study between the nitrogen, phosphorus and SS show that most of the phosphorus in Chongming surface water is insoluble, Density of TP linear with the turbidity and little insoluble nitrogen exists.
The Contribution of each part of ICW in nitrogen & phosphorus removal was analyzed. The stuff of wetland can adjust the pH and plays an important role in phosphorus removal. Ceramic pellet have many holes and relative surface product, so it's a good habitat for microorganisms; Oxygen pond can reduce the suspension density (SS) and the load of the wastewater.
The effect of multiplexed system under the different water load conditions on the pollutants removal rate was studied. The result indicated that turbidity removal rate decreases with the rise of water load, and it remained constant when the water load reduces to 0.015m~3 /m~2·h below,
Through the massive experimental data and related researches at home and abroad, the Chongming water mathematical model was formed and it can be used to forecast the system processing water quality.
The central lake water quality was greatly improved by use of the ICW system project. It changed to be II, III from poor V, and the ICW had passed expert group's approval of the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality.
引文
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[3]何成达,谈玲,葛丽英等,波式潜流人工湿地处理生活污水的实验研究[J],农业环境科学学报,2004,23(4):766-769
[4]聂梅生,中国城市水与废水的科研和开发,给水与废水处理国际会议论文集[M],中国建筑工业出版社,1994
[5]严煦世主编,水和废水技术研究[M],中建出版社,1992,3
[6]沈劲风,氧化塘的系统研究[J],环境科学与技术,1995(2):6-10
[7]李建华,王宝贞,氧化塘中氮和磷的去除[J],中国环境科学,1992,12(4):241-244
[8]F.Bailey Green et al,Advanced Integrated Wastewater Pond Systems for Nitrogen Removal,Wat.Sci.Tech[J]1996,33(7),207-217
[9]姜翠玲,崔广柏,湿地对农业非点源污染的去除效应[J],农业环境科学学报,2002,21(5):471-473,476
[10]王宝贞,王琳,水污染治理新技术[M],科学出版社,2004:159-168
[11]Brix H,Functions of macrophytes in constructed wetlands[J],Water Sci.Technol,1994,29(6):71-78
[12]Hammer D.A,Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment[M],Michigan:Lewis Publishers Inc.,1989
[13]Hammer D.A,Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment[M],Michigan:Lewis Publishers Inc.,1989
[14]梁继东,周启星,孙铁衍,人工湿地污水处理系统研究及性能改进分析[J],生态学杂志,2003,22(2):49-55
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