辐射板供冷供暖的模拟研究
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摘要
地板辐射采暖由于具有众多的优点,在世界各地得到了广泛的应用。目前,国内的地板采暖技术日趋成熟,部分地区已经出台了技术规范,用于指导工程施工,但对于顶板辐射采暖房间和墙面辐射采暖房间的研究很少。对于顶板辐射供冷的研究已展开,但对地板和墙面辐射板供冷的研究远远不够,理论研究还很不完善,真正应用于实际工程的案例很少。
辐射板供暖供冷房间内热环境情况是系统设计及运行管理的基础,研究辐射板供暖供冷房间模型对于深入了解辐射供暖供冷特性具有重要的意义。本文在总结前人经验的基础上,分别建立了辐射板采暖和辐射板供冷房间的物理模型,利用商业软件Fluent对采用辐射板采暖系统和辐射板供冷系统房间内的热环境进行了模拟研究,分别得到了辐射板布置在地板、墙面和顶板三种不同方式下的采暖和供冷房间内的温度和速度分布情况。
研究表明地板辐射采暖方式是最舒适、节能的采暖方式,辐射板在地面的布置情况对能量消耗有很大影响;顶板辐射供冷加置换通风是三种供冷方式中最舒适的方式,从经济和舒适两方面而言,提高送风速度都是不必要的;辐射板供冷中,辐射作用提50%以上的冷负荷,起主要作用。
对地板辐射采暖方式和散热器采暖方式、风机盘管加新风系统采暖方式分别进行了对比研究,研究结果表明地板辐射采暖比其他两种方式节能。对顶板辐射供冷方式和风机盘管加新风系统供冷方式进行了对比研究,研究结果表明顶板辐射供冷方式比风机盘管加新风系统供冷方式节能。通过前面的模拟发现,顶板辐射采暖和供冷共用一套系统可以实现夏季供冷、冬季供暖的要求。
The radiant floor heating has been widely used all over the world because of lots of advantages compared with conventional heating. Presently, the way of radiant floor heating is growing up in China. Technical codes have appeared in some regions. But the research on radiant ceiling heating and radiant wall heating is still rare. Research on radiant ceiling cooling has been developed in China. Some basic theory isn’t sufficient; few buildings are built where the radiant floor cooling systems could be applied.
Thermal environment of heating room is the fundamental of system design and operation. Research of radiant panel heatingand cooling room model plays an important role in understanding the characteristic of radiant panel heatinganf cooling room. This thesis developed physics model of radiant panel heating and cooling room based on previous studies. Computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT was applied to study the thermal environment of radiant panel heating and cooling room. The distributions of temperature and velocity of rooms of radiant floor heating and cooling, radiant ceiling heatingand cooling and radiant wall heating and cooling are gained.
Radiant floor heating modes is the most comfortable, energy-efficient heating. The distribution of radiant panel on the floor has an important effect on energy consumption. Radiant ceiling cooling modes is the best. Improving wind speed isn’t necessary. The radiation plays an important role.
Radiant floor heating, radiator and fan coil heating are compared.The result is radiant floor heating is the most energy-efficient. Radiant ceiling cooling and fan coil cooling are compared. The research shows that radiant ceiling cooling is more energy-efficient than fan coil cooling.The research shows that ceiling radiant heating and cooling can cool in summer and heat in winter through a set of system.
辐射板供暖供冷房间内热环境情况是系统设计及运行管理的基础,研究辐射板供暖供冷房间模型对于深入了解辐射供暖供冷特性具有重要的意义。本文在总结前人经验的基础上,分别建立了辐射板采暖和辐射板供冷房间的物理模型,利用商业软件Fluent对采用辐射板采暖系统和辐射板供冷系统房间内的热环境进行了模拟研究,分别得到了辐射板布置在地板、墙面和顶板三种不同方式下的采暖和供冷房间内的温度和速度分布情况。
研究表明地板辐射采暖方式是最舒适、节能的采暖方式,辐射板在地面的布置情况对能量消耗有很大影响;顶板辐射供冷加置换通风是三种供冷方式中最舒适的方式,从经济和舒适两方面而言,提高送风速度都是不必要的;辐射板供冷中,辐射作用提50%以上的冷负荷,起主要作用。
对地板辐射采暖方式和散热器采暖方式、风机盘管加新风系统采暖方式分别进行了对比研究,研究结果表明地板辐射采暖比其他两种方式节能。对顶板辐射供冷方式和风机盘管加新风系统供冷方式进行了对比研究,研究结果表明顶板辐射供冷方式比风机盘管加新风系统供冷方式节能。通过前面的模拟发现,顶板辐射采暖和供冷共用一套系统可以实现夏季供冷、冬季供暖的要求。
The radiant floor heating has been widely used all over the world because of lots of advantages compared with conventional heating. Presently, the way of radiant floor heating is growing up in China. Technical codes have appeared in some regions. But the research on radiant ceiling heating and radiant wall heating is still rare. Research on radiant ceiling cooling has been developed in China. Some basic theory isn’t sufficient; few buildings are built where the radiant floor cooling systems could be applied.
Thermal environment of heating room is the fundamental of system design and operation. Research of radiant panel heatingand cooling room model plays an important role in understanding the characteristic of radiant panel heatinganf cooling room. This thesis developed physics model of radiant panel heating and cooling room based on previous studies. Computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT was applied to study the thermal environment of radiant panel heating and cooling room. The distributions of temperature and velocity of rooms of radiant floor heating and cooling, radiant ceiling heatingand cooling and radiant wall heating and cooling are gained.
Radiant floor heating modes is the most comfortable, energy-efficient heating. The distribution of radiant panel on the floor has an important effect on energy consumption. Radiant ceiling cooling modes is the best. Improving wind speed isn’t necessary. The radiation plays an important role.
Radiant floor heating, radiator and fan coil heating are compared.The result is radiant floor heating is the most energy-efficient. Radiant ceiling cooling and fan coil cooling are compared. The research shows that radiant ceiling cooling is more energy-efficient than fan coil cooling.The research shows that ceiling radiant heating and cooling can cool in summer and heat in winter through a set of system.
引文
1. 国客昌.关于辐射采暖的若干问题.暖通空调设计规范专题说明选编.北京:中国计划出版社.1990.
2. 王子介.低温辐射供暖与辐射供冷.机械工业出版社, 2004,6
3. Abdelaziz Laouadi. Development of a Radiant Heating and Cooling Model for Building Energy Simulation Software. Building and Environment.2004,(39):421-431
4. 王子介.地板辐射供暖的发展方向.暖通空调. 1999, 29(6): 35-38
5. F.Steimle. Moisture Control and Cooling Ceiling Air Conditioning in High Rise Buildings. ASHRAE Transactions. 1997,103(1):42-48
6. Kilkis. B., M.Coley, Development of a computer design software for hydronic floor heating of building. ASHRAE Transactions. 1995, 95(19):1201-1213
7. Bjame W.Olesen, Ph.D. Possibilities and limitations of radiant floor cooling,ASHRAE Transactions. 1997, 103(1):42-48
8. Bjarne W. Olesen, Ph.D. Heat exchange coefficient between floor surface and space by floor cooling-theory or a question of definition. ASHRAE Transactions.2000, (8):684-694
9. Koichi Kitagawa, Noriko Komoda, etc.Effect of Humidity and Small Air Movement on Thermal Comfort under a Radiant Cooling Ceiling by Subjective Experiment. Energy and Buildings. 1999, 30:185-193
10. Taeyeon Kim, Shinsuke Kato. Indoor cooling/heating Load Analysis Based on Coupled Simulation of Convection, Radiation and HVAC Control. Building and Environment. 2001,
36: 901-908
11. Peter Simmonds, Stefan Holst. Using radiant cooled floors to conditioning large spaceand maintain comfort conditions, ASHRAE Transactions. 2000:695~701
12. J. Miriel, L.Serres, A.Trombe. Radiant ceiling panel heating-cooling systems: experimental and simulated study of the performances, thermal comfort and energy consumptions, Applied Thermal Engineering,2002(22):1861~1873
13. A.A.Argiriou, C.A.Balaras and S.Kontoyiannidis ect. Numerical simulation and performance assessment of a low capacity solar assisted absorption heat pump coupled with a sub-floor system. Solar Energy. 2005(79): 290~301
14. Elisabeth Mundt. Displacement Ventilation Systems-Convection Flows and Temperature Gradients. Building and Environment, 1995, 30: 129-133
15. H.Xing. A Study of the Air Quality in the Breathing Zone in a Room with Displacement Ventilation. Building and Environment, 2001, 36: 809-820
16. Huijuan Ring. Measurement and Calculation of the Neutral Height in a Room with Displacement Ventilation. Building and Environment, 2002, 37: 961-967
17. S.G.Hodder, D.L.Loveday. Thermal Comfort in Chilled Ceiling and Displacement Ventilation Environment: Vertical Radiant Temperature Asymmetry Effects. Energy and Buildings, 1998, 27:167-173
18. Doosam Song. Study on Cross-ventilation with Radiational Panel Cooling for Hot and Humid Regions. ASHRAE Transactions. 2002: 1281-1276
19. 张瑜.冷暖辐射地板系统的数值仿真与试验研究.青岛建筑工程学院硕士学位论文,2004.6
20. 王雪.冷却顶板和太阳辐射对置换通风系统影响的模拟与分析.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2005.6
21. 王耀春.典型气候地区地板辐射供冷的可行性分析.同济大学硕士学位论文.2005.3
22. 郑树伟.干式地板结构辐射供冷的理论与试验研究.北京建筑工程学院硕士学位论文.2004.12
23. 鹿世化,夏学鹰.浅层地下水作为冷源在地板供冷中的应用研究.能源与环境.2004(4): 13-15
24. 黄奕沄,张玲,程光明.地板辐射供冷除湿问题探索.暖通空调.2003,33(3): 47-51
25. 陈启,马一太.辐射顶板空调系统的优势.节能技术.2005,23(129): 40-43
26. 袁旭东,王鑫,柯莹.地板辐射供冷的控制方法.制冷与空调.2007,(2):41-44
27. 张瑜,胡松涛,王东.冷辐射地板系统的实验研究.能源技术.2004, 25(2): 64-68
28. 胡松涛,张莉,王刚.太阳能-地源热泵与地板辐射空调系统联合运行方式探讨.暖通空调,2005 35(3):41-44
29. 王子介,夏学鹰,戎卫国等.地板辐射供冷可行性研究分析.暖通空调,2002, 32(6):56-58
30. 郑国忠,荆有印.置换通风的研究与应用现状.节能,2005, 273: 16-19
31. 李金华,苏华,耿世彬.置换通风条件下室内空气品质研究.洁净与空调技术,2005, (2):5-8
32. 赵鸿佐.通风效率的规律性问题.暖通空调,2005. 35(8):48-53
33. 张行周,王浚.置换通风与冷却顶板相结合的空调系统.流体机械,2002, 30(1):54-56
34. 那艳玲,涂光备,于松波等.冷却顶板对置换通风系统的影响:CFD 研究.暖通空调,2005,35(1): 11-14
35. 李先中.地板供冷/置换通风复合空调系统的可行性探讨.建筑热能通风空调,2002, 21(4):4-6
36. 王荣光,沈大行.可再生能源利用与建筑节能.机械工业出版社,2004
37. 陆耀庆.供暖通风设计手册.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1987
38. E.Feustel, C.Stetiu. Hydronic Radiation Cooling-Preliminary Assessment. Energy and Buildings.1995,22:193-205
39. C.Stetiu. Energy and Peak Power Savings Potential of Radiant Cooling Systems in US Commercial Buildings. Energy and Buildings.1999,(30):127-138
40. Peter Simmonds, Stefan Holst. Using Radiant Cooled Floors to Conditioning Large Spaces and Maintain Comfort Conditions. ASHRAE Transactions Symposia 2000, DA-00-8-3:695-701
41. 李强民. 置换通风原理设计及应用.暖通空调. 2000,30(5):41-46
42. 李先中.置换通风-辐射供冷系统的特性及其应用的可行性研究.同济大学硕士学位论文.2002.12
43. 刘晓华,江亿等.温湿度独立控制空调系统.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006
44. Prapapong, Surapong. Application of radiant cooling as a passive cooling optionin hot humid climate. Building and Environment. 2007, (42):543–556
45. Jae-Weon Jeong, Stanley A. Mumma. Simplified cooling capacity estimation model for top insulated metal ceiling radiant cooling panels. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2004(24) :2055–2072
46. 贺平,孙刚.供热工程.北京.中国建筑工业出版社,1993
47. Chen, Q.. Prediction of room air motion by Renolds-stress models. Building and Enviroment, 1996,31(3):233~244
48. 王福军.计算流体动力学分析-CFD 软件原理与应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2004
49. 丁良士.地板供暖与顶棚供暖的舒适性研究. 暖通空调新技术.1999,(3):23-27
50. 刘 成 林 , 杨 昌 智 . 低 温 地 板 辐 射 采 暖 系 统 中 辐 射 板 布 置 方 式 的 优 化 . 节 能 技术.2004,124(2):6-8
51. 赵育根.冷却吊顶系统的特性分析及应用研究.同济大学硕士论文.1999
52. 邓仁杰,张立志,尹清华.冷吊顶系统的研究进展.建筑热能通风空调.2004,23(5):18-23
53. 于松波.置换通风与冷却顶板复合系统的 CFD 研究.天津大学硕士论文.2002
54. BS EN ISO 7730. Moderate thermal environments-determination of the PMV and PPD indices and specification of the conditions for thermal comfort. International Standards Organisation, Geneva 1995
2. 王子介.低温辐射供暖与辐射供冷.机械工业出版社, 2004,6
3. Abdelaziz Laouadi. Development of a Radiant Heating and Cooling Model for Building Energy Simulation Software. Building and Environment.2004,(39):421-431
4. 王子介.地板辐射供暖的发展方向.暖通空调. 1999, 29(6): 35-38
5. F.Steimle. Moisture Control and Cooling Ceiling Air Conditioning in High Rise Buildings. ASHRAE Transactions. 1997,103(1):42-48
6. Kilkis. B., M.Coley, Development of a computer design software for hydronic floor heating of building. ASHRAE Transactions. 1995, 95(19):1201-1213
7. Bjame W.Olesen, Ph.D. Possibilities and limitations of radiant floor cooling,ASHRAE Transactions. 1997, 103(1):42-48
8. Bjarne W. Olesen, Ph.D. Heat exchange coefficient between floor surface and space by floor cooling-theory or a question of definition. ASHRAE Transactions.2000, (8):684-694
9. Koichi Kitagawa, Noriko Komoda, etc.Effect of Humidity and Small Air Movement on Thermal Comfort under a Radiant Cooling Ceiling by Subjective Experiment. Energy and Buildings. 1999, 30:185-193
10. Taeyeon Kim, Shinsuke Kato. Indoor cooling/heating Load Analysis Based on Coupled Simulation of Convection, Radiation and HVAC Control. Building and Environment. 2001,
36: 901-908
11. Peter Simmonds, Stefan Holst. Using radiant cooled floors to conditioning large spaceand maintain comfort conditions, ASHRAE Transactions. 2000:695~701
12. J. Miriel, L.Serres, A.Trombe. Radiant ceiling panel heating-cooling systems: experimental and simulated study of the performances, thermal comfort and energy consumptions, Applied Thermal Engineering,2002(22):1861~1873
13. A.A.Argiriou, C.A.Balaras and S.Kontoyiannidis ect. Numerical simulation and performance assessment of a low capacity solar assisted absorption heat pump coupled with a sub-floor system. Solar Energy. 2005(79): 290~301
14. Elisabeth Mundt. Displacement Ventilation Systems-Convection Flows and Temperature Gradients. Building and Environment, 1995, 30: 129-133
15. H.Xing. A Study of the Air Quality in the Breathing Zone in a Room with Displacement Ventilation. Building and Environment, 2001, 36: 809-820
16. Huijuan Ring. Measurement and Calculation of the Neutral Height in a Room with Displacement Ventilation. Building and Environment, 2002, 37: 961-967
17. S.G.Hodder, D.L.Loveday. Thermal Comfort in Chilled Ceiling and Displacement Ventilation Environment: Vertical Radiant Temperature Asymmetry Effects. Energy and Buildings, 1998, 27:167-173
18. Doosam Song. Study on Cross-ventilation with Radiational Panel Cooling for Hot and Humid Regions. ASHRAE Transactions. 2002: 1281-1276
19. 张瑜.冷暖辐射地板系统的数值仿真与试验研究.青岛建筑工程学院硕士学位论文,2004.6
20. 王雪.冷却顶板和太阳辐射对置换通风系统影响的模拟与分析.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2005.6
21. 王耀春.典型气候地区地板辐射供冷的可行性分析.同济大学硕士学位论文.2005.3
22. 郑树伟.干式地板结构辐射供冷的理论与试验研究.北京建筑工程学院硕士学位论文.2004.12
23. 鹿世化,夏学鹰.浅层地下水作为冷源在地板供冷中的应用研究.能源与环境.2004(4): 13-15
24. 黄奕沄,张玲,程光明.地板辐射供冷除湿问题探索.暖通空调.2003,33(3): 47-51
25. 陈启,马一太.辐射顶板空调系统的优势.节能技术.2005,23(129): 40-43
26. 袁旭东,王鑫,柯莹.地板辐射供冷的控制方法.制冷与空调.2007,(2):41-44
27. 张瑜,胡松涛,王东.冷辐射地板系统的实验研究.能源技术.2004, 25(2): 64-68
28. 胡松涛,张莉,王刚.太阳能-地源热泵与地板辐射空调系统联合运行方式探讨.暖通空调,2005 35(3):41-44
29. 王子介,夏学鹰,戎卫国等.地板辐射供冷可行性研究分析.暖通空调,2002, 32(6):56-58
30. 郑国忠,荆有印.置换通风的研究与应用现状.节能,2005, 273: 16-19
31. 李金华,苏华,耿世彬.置换通风条件下室内空气品质研究.洁净与空调技术,2005, (2):5-8
32. 赵鸿佐.通风效率的规律性问题.暖通空调,2005. 35(8):48-53
33. 张行周,王浚.置换通风与冷却顶板相结合的空调系统.流体机械,2002, 30(1):54-56
34. 那艳玲,涂光备,于松波等.冷却顶板对置换通风系统的影响:CFD 研究.暖通空调,2005,35(1): 11-14
35. 李先中.地板供冷/置换通风复合空调系统的可行性探讨.建筑热能通风空调,2002, 21(4):4-6
36. 王荣光,沈大行.可再生能源利用与建筑节能.机械工业出版社,2004
37. 陆耀庆.供暖通风设计手册.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1987
38. E.Feustel, C.Stetiu. Hydronic Radiation Cooling-Preliminary Assessment. Energy and Buildings.1995,22:193-205
39. C.Stetiu. Energy and Peak Power Savings Potential of Radiant Cooling Systems in US Commercial Buildings. Energy and Buildings.1999,(30):127-138
40. Peter Simmonds, Stefan Holst. Using Radiant Cooled Floors to Conditioning Large Spaces and Maintain Comfort Conditions. ASHRAE Transactions Symposia 2000, DA-00-8-3:695-701
41. 李强民. 置换通风原理设计及应用.暖通空调. 2000,30(5):41-46
42. 李先中.置换通风-辐射供冷系统的特性及其应用的可行性研究.同济大学硕士学位论文.2002.12
43. 刘晓华,江亿等.温湿度独立控制空调系统.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006
44. Prapapong, Surapong. Application of radiant cooling as a passive cooling optionin hot humid climate. Building and Environment. 2007, (42):543–556
45. Jae-Weon Jeong, Stanley A. Mumma. Simplified cooling capacity estimation model for top insulated metal ceiling radiant cooling panels. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2004(24) :2055–2072
46. 贺平,孙刚.供热工程.北京.中国建筑工业出版社,1993
47. Chen, Q.. Prediction of room air motion by Renolds-stress models. Building and Enviroment, 1996,31(3):233~244
48. 王福军.计算流体动力学分析-CFD 软件原理与应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2004
49. 丁良士.地板供暖与顶棚供暖的舒适性研究. 暖通空调新技术.1999,(3):23-27
50. 刘 成 林 , 杨 昌 智 . 低 温 地 板 辐 射 采 暖 系 统 中 辐 射 板 布 置 方 式 的 优 化 . 节 能 技术.2004,124(2):6-8
51. 赵育根.冷却吊顶系统的特性分析及应用研究.同济大学硕士论文.1999
52. 邓仁杰,张立志,尹清华.冷吊顶系统的研究进展.建筑热能通风空调.2004,23(5):18-23
53. 于松波.置换通风与冷却顶板复合系统的 CFD 研究.天津大学硕士论文.2002
54. BS EN ISO 7730. Moderate thermal environments-determination of the PMV and PPD indices and specification of the conditions for thermal comfort. International Standards Organisation, Geneva 1995