硬目标侵彻测试系统防护设计与仿真分析
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摘要
硬目标侵彻通常是指用弹体贯穿钢装甲或钢筋混凝土等坚固工事或靶体目标的强碰撞过程。弹上部组件及电子设备所承受的冲击过载值达104g～105g (g=9.8m/s2)量级,这一条件对于战斗部装药和弹载电子产品如智能电子引信来说,是十分苛刻的；而对于高速侵彻和多重侵彻条件来说,弹上产品所经历的条件将更加严酷。硬目标侵彻弹载测试是国内外硬目标高速侵彻实验数据测量的主要手段,主要用于侵彻动力学实验研究、引信动态响应研究和目标特性识别、弹体材料动态响应研究等。国内目前对低速侵彻和单层靶侵彻的测试研究比较常见,这些研究更多基于实验,相关理论研究和数值仿真分析甚少。因此,开展硬目标侵彻测试系统在高速侵彻多重硬目标靶条件下的包括理论研究、数值模拟方法以及实验技术在内的高过载防护技术研究,对于推动高速深侵彻武器的发展,都具有重要的现实意义。
本文针对硬目标弹载测试系统开展了如下研究：
(1)对可能引起硬目标侵彻弹载测试系统在高速侵彻条件下破坏的主要因素进行了分析,提出了硬目标侵彻弹载测试系统高过载防护设计总体方案,给出了防护设计的判定条件。
(2)建立弹靶简化理论模型,根据一维应力波传播理论和能量守恒理论,推导出了用于确定硬目标侵彻弹载测试系统防护材料参数和结构参数设计条件。
(3)应用有限元仿真分析工具,对经过理论设计的弹靶简化模型进行了数值分析,再现了弹靶冲击应力传播过程,对缓冲前后电路模块的应力和加速度变化过程进行了分析,对缓冲模块的能量吸收情况进行了分析。结果表明,理论设计可以较好的指导结构防护设计,电路模块的应力水平满足理论给出的应力防护设计要求,缓冲模块能量吸收满足设计要求。
(4)采用仿真分析与实验结合的方法,对经过理论设计的弹载测试系统的防护结构进行了高g值冲击实验和火炮实弹侵彻实验验证。结果表明,冲击加速度测试曲线与数值模拟结果一致；经过理论设计的硬目标侵彻弹载测试系统可经受高速侵彻多层硬目标靶的火炮实验,实验成功获得完整的弹体过载历程曲线,表明理论推导结果与数值模拟方法可信。
Hard target penetration is usually by means the process of a projectile penetrating into steel armor or reinforced concrete target, the components and electronic equipment are under overload value up to104g～105g (g=9.8m/s2) level, the conditions is very strict for the warhead charge and electronic products such as intelligent electronic fuze, and high speed penetration and multiple penetration will be more severe conditions. Hard target penetration test is mainly used for penetration dynamics experimental research, dynamic response characteristics of target recognition, projectile material dynamic response research, etc.; At present, low penetration and single target penetration test are more common, and usually are based on experimental research, the theoretical study and numerical simulation analysis are not enough. Therefore, It's very important to carry out theory study, numerical simulation method and experiment technology, high overload protection technology research of hard target penetration test system under the condition of multiple hard target.
Aiming at the hard target test system to carry out the following research:
(1) The main factors are analyzed, and the protection design decision condition is given.
(2) Simplified theory mode is established. Based on one-dimensional stress wave transmission theory and energy conservation theory, material parameters and structure parameters of the reference formula is deduced.
(3) Application of finite element simulation and analysis tool, numerical analysis is done for the simplified model, it reproduces the impact stress propagation process, the stress and acceleration change process was analyzed and the energy absorption is analyzed; The results show that the theoretical design can better guide structure protection design, circuit module is given with the theory of stress level to meet the stress protection design requirements, buffering module energy absorption can meet design requirements as expected.
(4) The combination of simulation and experimental method, the theoretical design of the missile test system protection structure is tested and verified through a high g value impact experiment and artillery live ammunition penetration experiment. The results show that the acceleration curve and the result are in good agreement with numerical simulation and theoretical design of hard target penetration. The missile test system can withstand high penetration, the experiment successfully getting the overload process curve, indicates that the theoretical results and numerical simulation method is credible.
本文针对硬目标弹载测试系统开展了如下研究：
(1)对可能引起硬目标侵彻弹载测试系统在高速侵彻条件下破坏的主要因素进行了分析,提出了硬目标侵彻弹载测试系统高过载防护设计总体方案,给出了防护设计的判定条件。
(2)建立弹靶简化理论模型,根据一维应力波传播理论和能量守恒理论,推导出了用于确定硬目标侵彻弹载测试系统防护材料参数和结构参数设计条件。
(3)应用有限元仿真分析工具,对经过理论设计的弹靶简化模型进行了数值分析,再现了弹靶冲击应力传播过程,对缓冲前后电路模块的应力和加速度变化过程进行了分析,对缓冲模块的能量吸收情况进行了分析。结果表明,理论设计可以较好的指导结构防护设计,电路模块的应力水平满足理论给出的应力防护设计要求,缓冲模块能量吸收满足设计要求。
(4)采用仿真分析与实验结合的方法,对经过理论设计的弹载测试系统的防护结构进行了高g值冲击实验和火炮实弹侵彻实验验证。结果表明,冲击加速度测试曲线与数值模拟结果一致；经过理论设计的硬目标侵彻弹载测试系统可经受高速侵彻多层硬目标靶的火炮实验,实验成功获得完整的弹体过载历程曲线,表明理论推导结果与数值模拟方法可信。
Hard target penetration is usually by means the process of a projectile penetrating into steel armor or reinforced concrete target, the components and electronic equipment are under overload value up to104g～105g (g=9.8m/s2) level, the conditions is very strict for the warhead charge and electronic products such as intelligent electronic fuze, and high speed penetration and multiple penetration will be more severe conditions. Hard target penetration test is mainly used for penetration dynamics experimental research, dynamic response characteristics of target recognition, projectile material dynamic response research, etc.; At present, low penetration and single target penetration test are more common, and usually are based on experimental research, the theoretical study and numerical simulation analysis are not enough. Therefore, It's very important to carry out theory study, numerical simulation method and experiment technology, high overload protection technology research of hard target penetration test system under the condition of multiple hard target.
Aiming at the hard target test system to carry out the following research:
(1) The main factors are analyzed, and the protection design decision condition is given.
(2) Simplified theory mode is established. Based on one-dimensional stress wave transmission theory and energy conservation theory, material parameters and structure parameters of the reference formula is deduced.
(3) Application of finite element simulation and analysis tool, numerical analysis is done for the simplified model, it reproduces the impact stress propagation process, the stress and acceleration change process was analyzed and the energy absorption is analyzed; The results show that the theoretical design can better guide structure protection design, circuit module is given with the theory of stress level to meet the stress protection design requirements, buffering module energy absorption can meet design requirements as expected.
(4) The combination of simulation and experimental method, the theoretical design of the missile test system protection structure is tested and verified through a high g value impact experiment and artillery live ammunition penetration experiment. The results show that the acceleration curve and the result are in good agreement with numerical simulation and theoretical design of hard target penetration. The missile test system can withstand high penetration, the experiment successfully getting the overload process curve, indicates that the theoretical results and numerical simulation method is credible.
引文
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[4]朱丽华.摧坚贯韧钻地弹[J].兵器知识.2002,11：20-21.
[5]金丰年,刘黎.深钻地武器的发展及其侵彻[J].解放军理工大学学报.2002,3(2)：34-40.
[6]应国淼,倪震明.常规反舰导弹战斗部的现状及发展[J].工程论坛.2006,4：14-15.
[7]王金丰.关于侵彻问题研究现状的综述[J].工程论坛.2005,2：129-130.
[8]徐鹏.高g值侵彻加速度测试及其相关技术研究进展[J].兵工学报.2011,32(6)：739-745.
[9]陈小伟.动能深侵彻弹的力学设计(Ⅰ)：侵彻/穿甲理论和弹体壁厚分析[J].爆炸与冲击.2005,25(6)：499-505.
[10]陈小伟,金建明.动能深侵彻弹的力学设计(Ⅱ)：弹靶的相关力学分析与实例[J].爆炸与冲击.2006,26(1)：71-78.
[11]陈小伟等.动能深侵彻弹的力学设计(Ⅲ)：缩比实验分析[J].爆炸与冲击.2006,26(1)：71-78.
[12]Forrestal M J, Luk V K. Penetration into soil targets[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering.1992,12(3):427-44.
[13]Wendong Zhang. Design method of storage measurement and its application. High Education Press of China.2002.
[14]Burke L W, Irwin E S, Faulstich R J, et al. High-g power sources for the U. S. army's HSTSS Programme[J]. Journal of Power Source.1997,65:263-270.
[15]Rothacher T, Giger B. High g ballistic flight data recorder[C].18th international symposium on ballistic. San Antonio.1999:379-386.
[16]Chen X W, Li Q M. Deep penet ration of a non2deformable projectile with different geomet rical characteristics[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering.2002,27 (6):619-637.
[17]Li Q M, Chen X W. Dimensionless formulae for penet ration depth of concrete target impacted by a non-deformable Projectile[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering. 2003,28(1):93-116.
[18]Forrestal M J, Frew D J, Hickerson J P, et al. Penetration of concrete targets with deceleration-time measurements[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering.2003, 28:479-497.
[19]徐鹏,祖静,范锦彪.应力波传播对弹丸实测超高加速度值的影响[J].测试技术学报.2006,20(1)：41-45.
[20]任辉启,何翔.‘弹体侵彻混凝土过载特性研究[J].土木工程学报.2005,38(1)：110-116.
[21]周宁,任辉启.侵彻钢筋混凝土过程中弹丸过载特性的实验研究[J].实验力学.2006,21(5)：572-578.
[22]姬永强,李映辉,聂飞.弹载数据存储模块抗高过载防护技术研究[J].振动与冲击.2012,31(18)：104-106.
[23]虞青俊,李玉龙,金连宝等.侵彻多层混凝土目标弹丸过载特性研究[J].探测与控制学报.2007,29.
[24]Michael S.Baker, Kenneth R.Pohl. High-G Testing of MEMS Mechanical Non-Volatile Memory and Silicon Re-Entry Switch[R], SAND2005-6094.
[25]Franco R J, Platzbecker M R. Miniature penetrator (MINPEN) acceleration recorder development test Sandia national laboratories[R]. Sand98-1172C.
[26]Morris S,Berman. Electronic Components for High-g Hardened Packaging[R]. ARL-TR-3705.2006.
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