复合钛基润滑脂的制备及其在不同温度下的润滑行为研究
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摘要
近代工业的飞速发展,对润滑脂的质量提出日益苛刻的要求,润滑脂产品日益向着高滴点、多效能和环境友好等方向发展,复合钛基润滑脂是一种新型高温多效润滑脂,它是由复合钛皂稠化基础油而制得的一类具有优良性能及环境友好性能的润滑脂产品。其在国外已应用于工业生产;而国内与之有关的研究较少,该产品尚处于研制阶段,距工业化生产和应用有较大差距。本课题通过研究复合钛基脂的制备工艺和配方,以及其理化性能、摩擦磨损性能、润滑行为等,为实现我国复合钛基脂的工业化生产,提高我国润滑脂工业水平做出贡献。
本课题主要开展了以下研究工作:研究复合钛基润滑脂的制备原理和制备工艺,优化复合钛基润滑脂的制备工艺和配方,分析基础油对复合钛基润滑脂性能的影响,研究复合钛基润滑脂的润滑机理及其在不同温度下的摩擦磨损和润滑性能,并与通用锂基润滑脂做性能对比。
复合钛基润滑脂的制备原理包括复合钛皂的形成和稠化成脂两个过程,即皂化反应所得复合钛皂会形成空间网状结构,能很好的稠化很多类型的基础油而制的复合钛基润滑脂。由于工艺和配方对制备复合钛基润滑脂有很大影响,分析各个工艺参数,选择影响较大的因素进行试验设计,确定出较好的配方和制备工艺。另外,基础油的类型和组成对润滑脂的性能有很大影响,试验选用五种不同的矿物基础油,进行复配,制备复合钛基润滑脂,研究不同类型不同组成的基础油对复合钛基脂性能的影响。
研究复合钛基润滑脂的皂油分散体系,建立复合钛基脂的润滑模型;用金相显微镜和SEM观察钢球磨斑形貌,利用能谱分析仪对磨斑表面元素进行分析,探求自制复合钛基脂的摩擦磨损性能及润滑机理。研究复合钛基脂从40℃~200℃时的摩擦磨损性能及其高温下的润滑行为,与通用锂基润滑脂做性能对比分析。研究表明:未加任何添加的复合钛基脂有较好的理化性能和摩擦学性能,滴点很高,摩擦系数和磨斑直径均较小,在温度较高的情况下仍具有很好的摩擦学性能。
With the rapid development of modern industry, high qualities of greases are stringently demanded day by day, grease products go forward to the high drop point, high efficiency and more functions, long life and environmentally friendly direction. Titanium complex grease is a new kind of high temperature and multi-effect grease, which is composed of titanium base and soap thicker oil with excellent and environmentally friendly performance and good prospects for development. Titanium complex grease originated from the 90s of last century in India. Because of its excellent combination properties, it has been patented in foreign countries and applied in industrial field. In our country, the Titanium complex grease is seldom researched and used. It is a long term to realize massively manufacture and application. This subject is about the preparations and recipes of Titanium complex grease, as well as physical and chemical properties, friction and wear and lubrication mechanism and so on for realizing industrial manufacture, reducing production costs and improving product quality. There is positive significance improving the grease’s level of our country.
The main research works carried out as follow: researching the preparation mechanism and the preparation process of Titanium complex grease, optimizing Titanium complex grease preparation and recipes, analyzing the influences of base oil grease on the composite properties of titanium, researching lubrication mechanism and the wear and lubrication performance in different temperature friction and comparing the performance with Universal Lithium grease.
The preparation mechanism of Titanium complex grease includes the formation of complex titanium and thickening soap grease. Composite titanium soap produced from the saponification reaction formulates spatial mesh which is beneficial to thicken many types of base oil and get Titanium complex grease. Because the process and preparation of Titanium complex grease have great influences on the manufacturing, analyzing various process parameters, selecting the most important influential factor to design experiment and determining a better formulation and preparation process. In addition, the type and composition of base oil have great influences on the performance of grease. In the test five different type base oils are selected to compound and manufacture Titanium complex grease in order to research on the influences on the performance of Titanium complex grease.
Researching on the Titanium complex grease soap grease oil dispersion system, establishing the Titanium complex grease lubrication model; using Transmission Electron Microscopy to observe the composite fiber structure, observing worn steel ball by optical microscopy and SEM morphology, using spectrum analyzer to analyze elements on the worn surface and exploring the lubricating mechanism and properties of friction and wear of the self-made Titanium complex grease; researching the friction and wear properties of Titanium complex grease from 40℃to 200℃and lubrication behavior in high temperature and doing comparative analysis of performance with Universal Lithium grease. The results show that: Titanium complex grease without any additives has good physical and chemical properties and tribological performance, high drop point, the friction coefficient and small wear scar diameter, having good tribological properties at high temperature.
本课题主要开展了以下研究工作:研究复合钛基润滑脂的制备原理和制备工艺,优化复合钛基润滑脂的制备工艺和配方,分析基础油对复合钛基润滑脂性能的影响,研究复合钛基润滑脂的润滑机理及其在不同温度下的摩擦磨损和润滑性能,并与通用锂基润滑脂做性能对比。
复合钛基润滑脂的制备原理包括复合钛皂的形成和稠化成脂两个过程,即皂化反应所得复合钛皂会形成空间网状结构,能很好的稠化很多类型的基础油而制的复合钛基润滑脂。由于工艺和配方对制备复合钛基润滑脂有很大影响,分析各个工艺参数,选择影响较大的因素进行试验设计,确定出较好的配方和制备工艺。另外,基础油的类型和组成对润滑脂的性能有很大影响,试验选用五种不同的矿物基础油,进行复配,制备复合钛基润滑脂,研究不同类型不同组成的基础油对复合钛基脂性能的影响。
研究复合钛基润滑脂的皂油分散体系,建立复合钛基脂的润滑模型;用金相显微镜和SEM观察钢球磨斑形貌,利用能谱分析仪对磨斑表面元素进行分析,探求自制复合钛基脂的摩擦磨损性能及润滑机理。研究复合钛基脂从40℃~200℃时的摩擦磨损性能及其高温下的润滑行为,与通用锂基润滑脂做性能对比分析。研究表明:未加任何添加的复合钛基脂有较好的理化性能和摩擦学性能,滴点很高,摩擦系数和磨斑直径均较小,在温度较高的情况下仍具有很好的摩擦学性能。
With the rapid development of modern industry, high qualities of greases are stringently demanded day by day, grease products go forward to the high drop point, high efficiency and more functions, long life and environmentally friendly direction. Titanium complex grease is a new kind of high temperature and multi-effect grease, which is composed of titanium base and soap thicker oil with excellent and environmentally friendly performance and good prospects for development. Titanium complex grease originated from the 90s of last century in India. Because of its excellent combination properties, it has been patented in foreign countries and applied in industrial field. In our country, the Titanium complex grease is seldom researched and used. It is a long term to realize massively manufacture and application. This subject is about the preparations and recipes of Titanium complex grease, as well as physical and chemical properties, friction and wear and lubrication mechanism and so on for realizing industrial manufacture, reducing production costs and improving product quality. There is positive significance improving the grease’s level of our country.
The main research works carried out as follow: researching the preparation mechanism and the preparation process of Titanium complex grease, optimizing Titanium complex grease preparation and recipes, analyzing the influences of base oil grease on the composite properties of titanium, researching lubrication mechanism and the wear and lubrication performance in different temperature friction and comparing the performance with Universal Lithium grease.
The preparation mechanism of Titanium complex grease includes the formation of complex titanium and thickening soap grease. Composite titanium soap produced from the saponification reaction formulates spatial mesh which is beneficial to thicken many types of base oil and get Titanium complex grease. Because the process and preparation of Titanium complex grease have great influences on the manufacturing, analyzing various process parameters, selecting the most important influential factor to design experiment and determining a better formulation and preparation process. In addition, the type and composition of base oil have great influences on the performance of grease. In the test five different type base oils are selected to compound and manufacture Titanium complex grease in order to research on the influences on the performance of Titanium complex grease.
Researching on the Titanium complex grease soap grease oil dispersion system, establishing the Titanium complex grease lubrication model; using Transmission Electron Microscopy to observe the composite fiber structure, observing worn steel ball by optical microscopy and SEM morphology, using spectrum analyzer to analyze elements on the worn surface and exploring the lubricating mechanism and properties of friction and wear of the self-made Titanium complex grease; researching the friction and wear properties of Titanium complex grease from 40℃to 200℃and lubrication behavior in high temperature and doing comparative analysis of performance with Universal Lithium grease. The results show that: Titanium complex grease without any additives has good physical and chemical properties and tribological performance, high drop point, the friction coefficient and small wear scar diameter, having good tribological properties at high temperature.
引文
1.朱廷彬.润滑脂技术大全.中国石化出版社. 2005:197~221
2.郭永刚,廖贾姬,李来红.高温润滑脂的研制.天然气与石油. 2007,25 (1): 39～42
3. Anoop Kumar, E. Sayanna, A.S. Verma, et al. A new generation high performance titanium complex grease. NLGI Spokesman. 1994,58(1):25~30
4.李素.复合钛基脂的诞生、性能及应用.润滑油. 2005,20 (6):16～18
5.陈惠卿,王晓航.复合钛基润滑脂发展现状.润滑油. 2003,18 (1):17~20
6.张秉智.润滑脂的基本知识.合成润滑材料. 1995,3:33~38
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8.李雪静,潘元青.润滑脂工业发展概况.汽车工艺与材料,2003, 12:1~3
9. J. Lewkowitsch. Chemical Technology and Analysis of Oils, Fats and Waxes. Vieweg, Braunschweig,1905:19~22
10.朱延彬.国外润滑脂现状和发展趋势——润滑脂品种.石油炼制技术编辑部,1991: 22 ~24
11. T. Norrby, M. Torbacket, M. Kopp. Environmentally adapted lubricants in the Nordic marketplace - recent developments. Industrial Lubrication and Tribology. 2002, 54(3):109~116
12. A. Adhvaryu, S.Z. Erhan. Epoxidized soybean oil as a potential source of high-temperature lubricants. Industrial Crops and Products. 2002, 15:247~254
13.朱延彬等.中国、美国、西欧和日本润滑脂工业的发展.第四届润滑脂技术交流会论文集.石油炼制技术编辑部,1998: 37~41
14.金宝印,杨正宇.苏联润滑脂的发展.第四届润滑脂技术交流会论文集,石油炼制技术编辑部,1988: 30~35
15.杨正宇,徐世敏.我国润滑脂工业的发展.全国第十届润滑脂技术交流会论文集,石油炼制技术编辑部,1999: 43~45
16.张龙华,王小波,续景.国内润滑脂工业发展现状.润滑油与燃料. 2008, 18 (86) :1～3.
17.朱延彬.中国润滑脂工业现状、问题及对策. 2001年中国润滑油国际研讨会论文集,2001: 27 ~31
18.罗锐斌.全球润滑脂工业最新展望.合成润滑材料,2001, 4:63 ~68
19.徐世敏.近10年中国润滑脂产量与品种构成的发展.石油商技,2003, 4:1~4
20.高艳青,刘庆廉.中国润滑脂用脂现状及发展趋势简介.石油商技,2006, 1:17~ 19.
21.郭太勤,蒋明俊,郭小川等.高温润滑脂的发展现状.润滑与密封,2006,1: 164~ 167.
22. Anoop Kumar, B.D. Mittal, C. Kannan et al. Titanium complex grease - some new findings. NLGI Spokesman. 1995,59(2):10~18
23. Anoop Kumar, K.P. Naithanl, E. Sayanna, et al. Titanium complex grease: A product of high potential. NLGI Spokesman. 1995,59(9):12~18
24. Anoop Kumar, B.D. Mittal, M.P. Singh, et al. Ecofriendly titanium complex grease. NLGI Spokesman. 1997,61(8):22~28
25. Anoop Kumar, S.C. Nagar, K.R. Nalthanl, et al. Enhancing further performance properties of titanium complex grease. NLGI Spokesman. 1998,62(6):20~27
26. Anoop Kumar, S.C. Nagar, B.D. Mittal, et al. Titanium complex grease for girth gear applications. NLGI Spokesman. 1999,63(6):15~19
27. Anoop Kumar, Eltepu Sayanna, et al. Lubricating grease composition and process for preparing same, U. S. Patent, ed. (5,387,351)
28.张东,许贤.钛基复合脂极具潜力的高性能产品.军用航油(国外部分). 1996,(2):8~11
29.曲建俊,陈继国.复合钛基润滑脂及其制备方法,专利,(CN 101307269A)
30.王磊,李茂森,刘显秋,方春梅.复合钛基润滑脂制备方法及所得的产品.专利,(CN 101117605A)
31.杨小刚,郭小川,杨俊.复合钛基润滑脂的性能及应用.合成润滑材料. 2008,35 (3):18~20.
32.曲建俊,陈继国.低分子酸/高分子酸钛基润滑脂摩擦磨损性能研究.摩擦学报,2008.28(4):372~376
33.曲建俊,陈继国,李强.环境友好润滑剂的研究与应用.润滑油. 2008 23(5):1~6.
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2.郭永刚,廖贾姬,李来红.高温润滑脂的研制.天然气与石油. 2007,25 (1): 39～42
3. Anoop Kumar, E. Sayanna, A.S. Verma, et al. A new generation high performance titanium complex grease. NLGI Spokesman. 1994,58(1):25~30
4.李素.复合钛基脂的诞生、性能及应用.润滑油. 2005,20 (6):16～18
5.陈惠卿,王晓航.复合钛基润滑脂发展现状.润滑油. 2003,18 (1):17~20
6.张秉智.润滑脂的基本知识.合成润滑材料. 1995,3:33~38
7.陈绍澧.润滑脂.石油工业出版社. 1957:5~21
8.李雪静,潘元青.润滑脂工业发展概况.汽车工艺与材料,2003, 12:1~3
9. J. Lewkowitsch. Chemical Technology and Analysis of Oils, Fats and Waxes. Vieweg, Braunschweig,1905:19~22
10.朱延彬.国外润滑脂现状和发展趋势——润滑脂品种.石油炼制技术编辑部,1991: 22 ~24
11. T. Norrby, M. Torbacket, M. Kopp. Environmentally adapted lubricants in the Nordic marketplace - recent developments. Industrial Lubrication and Tribology. 2002, 54(3):109~116
12. A. Adhvaryu, S.Z. Erhan. Epoxidized soybean oil as a potential source of high-temperature lubricants. Industrial Crops and Products. 2002, 15:247~254
13.朱延彬等.中国、美国、西欧和日本润滑脂工业的发展.第四届润滑脂技术交流会论文集.石油炼制技术编辑部,1998: 37~41
14.金宝印,杨正宇.苏联润滑脂的发展.第四届润滑脂技术交流会论文集,石油炼制技术编辑部,1988: 30~35
15.杨正宇,徐世敏.我国润滑脂工业的发展.全国第十届润滑脂技术交流会论文集,石油炼制技术编辑部,1999: 43~45
16.张龙华,王小波,续景.国内润滑脂工业发展现状.润滑油与燃料. 2008, 18 (86) :1～3.
17.朱延彬.中国润滑脂工业现状、问题及对策. 2001年中国润滑油国际研讨会论文集,2001: 27 ~31
18.罗锐斌.全球润滑脂工业最新展望.合成润滑材料,2001, 4:63 ~68
19.徐世敏.近10年中国润滑脂产量与品种构成的发展.石油商技,2003, 4:1~4
20.高艳青,刘庆廉.中国润滑脂用脂现状及发展趋势简介.石油商技,2006, 1:17~ 19.
21.郭太勤,蒋明俊,郭小川等.高温润滑脂的发展现状.润滑与密封,2006,1: 164~ 167.
22. Anoop Kumar, B.D. Mittal, C. Kannan et al. Titanium complex grease - some new findings. NLGI Spokesman. 1995,59(2):10~18
23. Anoop Kumar, K.P. Naithanl, E. Sayanna, et al. Titanium complex grease: A product of high potential. NLGI Spokesman. 1995,59(9):12~18
24. Anoop Kumar, B.D. Mittal, M.P. Singh, et al. Ecofriendly titanium complex grease. NLGI Spokesman. 1997,61(8):22~28
25. Anoop Kumar, S.C. Nagar, K.R. Nalthanl, et al. Enhancing further performance properties of titanium complex grease. NLGI Spokesman. 1998,62(6):20~27
26. Anoop Kumar, S.C. Nagar, B.D. Mittal, et al. Titanium complex grease for girth gear applications. NLGI Spokesman. 1999,63(6):15~19
27. Anoop Kumar, Eltepu Sayanna, et al. Lubricating grease composition and process for preparing same, U. S. Patent, ed. (5,387,351)
28.张东,许贤.钛基复合脂极具潜力的高性能产品.军用航油(国外部分). 1996,(2):8~11
29.曲建俊,陈继国.复合钛基润滑脂及其制备方法,专利,(CN 101307269A)
30.王磊,李茂森,刘显秋,方春梅.复合钛基润滑脂制备方法及所得的产品.专利,(CN 101117605A)
31.杨小刚,郭小川,杨俊.复合钛基润滑脂的性能及应用.合成润滑材料. 2008,35 (3):18~20.
32.曲建俊,陈继国.低分子酸/高分子酸钛基润滑脂摩擦磨损性能研究.摩擦学报,2008.28(4):372~376
33.曲建俊,陈继国,李强.环境友好润滑剂的研究与应用.润滑油. 2008 23(5):1~6.
34. Anoop Kumar, S.C. Nagar, T.L. Nanda, et al. Titanium-Lithium complex grease -A high performance grease for industrial application. NLGI Spokesman. 2005,69(8):25~29
35.王先会.润滑油脂生产原料和设备使用手册.中国石化出版社. 2007:355~376
36.林福严,雷冀,王力伟.改造四球试验机进行摩擦系数测试.煤矿现代化,2009 6:58~59
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