工业过程先进控制与优化策略研究
摘要
预测控制技术自70年代产生以．来，便以其优良的控制性能广受过程控制界的青睐。以预测控制技术为核心的多变量约束控制软件包，更以其在应用中所获得的巨大经济效益倍受世人瞩目。在文献中只能看到有关这些软件包功能和应用的介绍，却极少涉及其技术细节，更为其增添了一层神秘色彩。为了加快发展我国的工业控制技术，发展软件产业，开发出我们自己的商品化工程软件包乃是必由之路。
本文开始介绍了多变量约束控制软件包的发展历程及国外一些著名商品化软件包的主要特点和功能。然后以“九五”国家重点科技项目“工业过程实时控制与优化商品化工程软件开发研究”为背景，介绍了我们自己开发和研制的多变量约束控制软件包MCC，重点介绍了多变量约束预测控制器MCPC的功能和采用的技术，并用大量的仿真例子加以验证。在本文的后面部分以国家“八五”重点科技攻关项目“85-720-08”课题中05专题《离子膜氯碱生产计算机优化控制系统》为背景，介绍了在线优化技术在氯碱生产中的应用。
本文的主要贡献有：
① 经过整理，系统地介绍了国外多变量约束控制软件包的发展历程，并对国外一些著名商品化软件包的主要特点和功能作了介绍；
② 采用新的辨识方法，使得在动态测试期间，过程不需要处于稳态，操作人员可以调节任何操作变量保证产品的质量。而且可以同时加几个过程输入同时进行辨识工作，大大提高了辨识的效率，比IDCOM-M中的辨识方法有了很大提高；
③ 提出一种新的算法结构，它采用先做稳态优化，后做动态优化的方法，能够在系统有多余自由度的情况下考虑经济指标，而且能更好地保证被控变量CV’s的优先级高于操作变量MV’s的优先级。它能克服美国IDCOM-M控制器中算法的可能不能保证动态品质的缺点，而且也能克服综合性能指标法可能造成静态偏差的缺点，防止发生在系统有多余自由度时，还达不到基本控制目标的情况。在与IDCOM-M控制器的仿真结果作比较时，MCPC控制器也体现了更好的控制能力，并克服了
Model Predictive Control(MPC) technology has gained considerable attention for its good control performance since the generation of the MPC in the late 1970s. The great economic benefits by using the MPC packages make the people's focus attention upon them. In the published papers, only introduction of the functions and applications of the packages can be found, little technology is introduced in detail. In order to advance the technology of industrial control in our country, the only way is to develop our own commercial industrial control package.
In this dissertation, A brief history of industrial MPC technology is presented first, followed by the distinguishing features of some famous MPC packages. Then, based on the Ninth Five-year's national key project "Research and development of the commercial industrial on-line control and optimization package", the construction of multivariable constrained control package MCC is presented, with an emphasis on the functions and technology of the MCPC controller. A number of examples are used to illustrate the capabilities of the MCPC controller. The final section presents the application of the on-line optimization technology in the membrane process of Alkali-Chlor cells, based on the Eighth Five-year's national key project.
The major contributions of this dissertation are stated as follows: ① An abbreviated history of industrial MPC technology is presented and the distinguishing features of some famous MPC packages are introduced. ② Unlike traditional methods, MCCI permits several manipulated variables to change simultaneously during the test period. During plant testing, the process is not required to be at, or come to, a steady-state. Also, the plant operators can make adjustments to any manipulated variable to maintain product specifications. The only restriction is that compensating MV moves not be perfectly time-synchronized. MCCI is more efficient than ID2 used in
本文开始介绍了多变量约束控制软件包的发展历程及国外一些著名商品化软件包的主要特点和功能。然后以“九五”国家重点科技项目“工业过程实时控制与优化商品化工程软件开发研究”为背景，介绍了我们自己开发和研制的多变量约束控制软件包MCC，重点介绍了多变量约束预测控制器MCPC的功能和采用的技术，并用大量的仿真例子加以验证。在本文的后面部分以国家“八五”重点科技攻关项目“85-720-08”课题中05专题《离子膜氯碱生产计算机优化控制系统》为背景，介绍了在线优化技术在氯碱生产中的应用。
本文的主要贡献有：
① 经过整理，系统地介绍了国外多变量约束控制软件包的发展历程，并对国外一些著名商品化软件包的主要特点和功能作了介绍；
② 采用新的辨识方法，使得在动态测试期间，过程不需要处于稳态，操作人员可以调节任何操作变量保证产品的质量。而且可以同时加几个过程输入同时进行辨识工作，大大提高了辨识的效率，比IDCOM-M中的辨识方法有了很大提高；
③ 提出一种新的算法结构，它采用先做稳态优化，后做动态优化的方法，能够在系统有多余自由度的情况下考虑经济指标，而且能更好地保证被控变量CV’s的优先级高于操作变量MV’s的优先级。它能克服美国IDCOM-M控制器中算法的可能不能保证动态品质的缺点，而且也能克服综合性能指标法可能造成静态偏差的缺点，防止发生在系统有多余自由度时，还达不到基本控制目标的情况。在与IDCOM-M控制器的仿真结果作比较时，MCPC控制器也体现了更好的控制能力，并克服了
Model Predictive Control(MPC) technology has gained considerable attention for its good control performance since the generation of the MPC in the late 1970s. The great economic benefits by using the MPC packages make the people's focus attention upon them. In the published papers, only introduction of the functions and applications of the packages can be found, little technology is introduced in detail. In order to advance the technology of industrial control in our country, the only way is to develop our own commercial industrial control package.
In this dissertation, A brief history of industrial MPC technology is presented first, followed by the distinguishing features of some famous MPC packages. Then, based on the Ninth Five-year's national key project "Research and development of the commercial industrial on-line control and optimization package", the construction of multivariable constrained control package MCC is presented, with an emphasis on the functions and technology of the MCPC controller. A number of examples are used to illustrate the capabilities of the MCPC controller. The final section presents the application of the on-line optimization technology in the membrane process of Alkali-Chlor cells, based on the Eighth Five-year's national key project.
The major contributions of this dissertation are stated as follows: ① An abbreviated history of industrial MPC technology is presented and the distinguishing features of some famous MPC packages are introduced. ② Unlike traditional methods, MCCI permits several manipulated variables to change simultaneously during the test period. During plant testing, the process is not required to be at, or come to, a steady-state. Also, the plant operators can make adjustments to any manipulated variable to maintain product specifications. The only restriction is that compensating MV moves not be perfectly time-synchronized. MCCI is more efficient than ID2 used in
引文
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