虚拟企业生命周期管理的关键问题研究
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摘要
随着全球经济一体化、网络化进程的加快,顾客的需求日益多样化和个性化,产品生命周期日趋缩短。同时,采用模仿战略的竞争者大量涌入,都在极大地影响着企业能够获得的利润。因此,传统大规模、大批量、单功能的生产方式,已难以满足快速变化的市场需求,必须进行企业组织变革。虚拟企业这种新型企业组织模式,能够有效地帮助核心企业在保持自身核心竞争力的同时,共享社会中的更多信息和资源,成功地抓住转瞬即逝的市场机会。虚拟企业随着市场机遇产生而组建,又随着市场机遇消失而解体,它具有很强的生命周期性。影响其生命周期长短的主要环节包括合作伙伴选择、任务合理分配、利益协调、信息沟通和风险管理等,如果这些环节管理不善,将有可能导致虚拟企业生命的随时终结,市场机遇也将无法实现。因此,选择虚拟企业生命周期运作管理中的关键环节开展有针对性的研究,可以为虚拟企业的良好运行提供基本的理论和方法指导。主要内容如下：
首先,进行虚拟企业复杂性分析和生命周期过程分析。根据虚拟企业的特征,建立虚拟企业结构体系,分析虚拟企业的复杂性特征,进而划分虚拟企业生命周期,明确各生命周期阶段的任务和目标,总结面向生命周期的虚拟企业的研究体系。
针对虚拟企业具有的非连续、离散型的状态空间分布的特征,引入状态函数空间和态函数概念,分析虚拟企业的多维异构性,借助于本体论,给出虚拟企业各维空间的语义描述和映射过程,进而提出基于“维度-层次-属性”(Dimension-Layer-Attribute,DLA)的虚拟企业全生命周期多维概念模型。
虚拟企业组建期合作伙伴的正确选择是虚拟企业的成功运作的关键。利用博弈理论分析虚拟企业合作实质,引入虚拟企业经纪人(Broker)的概念,建立基于Broker的虚拟企业合作伙伴选择模型；构建虚拟企业合作伙伴选择评价指标体系,利用三角模糊数-AHP方法确定评价指标权重；利用相离度给出虚拟企业合作伙伴模糊优选的过程；利用成本分析进行虚拟企业的数量决策。
针对虚拟企业运作期的任务分配要求,分析任务分配的实现目标和约束条件,构建虚拟企业任务分配的多目标模型。在此基础上,针对传统遗传算法过早陷入局部收敛和收敛速度慢的缺陷,设计改进的遗传算法——自适应伪并行遗传算法对模型求解,通过算例验证算法的有效性。
虚拟企业运行中会受到来自于企业内外部环境的干扰和影响,加强虚拟企业风险管理成为防止虚拟企业随时中断解体的必然要求。按照风险管理的基本流程,定性地识别虚拟企业的外生风险和内生风险的类型及诱因,提出虚拟企业风险矩阵的概念,建立虚拟企业风险的多级模糊综合评判模型,确定虚拟企业生命周期总风险的大小,针对不同生命阶段风险的重要性,提出风险防范的基本措施。
With the development of economic globalization and networking, customers' demand is diversificated and individuated increasingly, and the life cycle of production is shorten gradually.As the same time,many competitors adopting the simulation stratege come forth,which is affecting the profits of the enterprises greatly. Accordingly, the traditional massive production fashion with volume-produce and single-function can not meet market demands with rapid changes. Enterprises must put up organizational changes.As a new organization pattern of enterprise, virtual enterprise(VE) is able to help the core enterprise maintain the core competence of itself, share more information and resource in the society,and catch hold of market opportunity.
Virtual enterprises are set up under the generation of market opportunities, and disaggregate with the disappearance of market opportunities.VE has the characteristic of strong life cycle. Many taches can influence the length of VE life cycle, such as partner selection, tasks distribution, interest coordination, information communication and risks management, If we can not manage these taches well, these taches can make the termination of VE whenever.Therefore the market opportunities will not be realized. Some key taches of VE's life cycle are special studied in this article, which can provide the basic theories and methods for the operation of VE.Main content of this article as follow:
At first, this article analysis the complexity and life cycle of virtual enterprise. Based on characteristics of virtual enterprises, this article presents frame system of VE, analysis complexity of VE, carve up life cycle of VE, defintude tasks and aims of VE, and sum up the reseach system facing the life cycle of VE.
Aiming at the character of Uncontinuity and Discrete state space distribution in VE, isomerism character of VE is discussed in this article.Using Ontology, this paper introduces concepts of state function space and state function, and presents a model of virtual enterprises that is based on state function eigenvectors "Dimension-Layer-Attribute"(DLA model). Using DLA model, the paper constructs semantic description and map of virtual enterprise system.
Select policy of partner in organization phase of VE is one of the most important elements for the success of VE that. With game theory, essence of cooperative and the concept of VE broker is advanced. This article constitutes partner selection model based broker of VE, making up the evaluation index system of VE partner. Index weight is computed by triangular fuzzy number and AHP.This article introduces the process of fuzzy optimization of VE partners by deviation degree and makes the number decision with cost analysis.
Against demands of task allocation in the procession phase of VE based on the analysis of realization targets and restriction conditions of task allocation, this article constructs multi-objects model of task allocation. An improved genetic algorithm, which is named adaptive pseudo-parallel genetic algorithm, is proposed to solve the model avoiding the early maturity and quickening the convergence speed. Simulation experiments proved that the proposed algorithm is effective.
Virtual enterprises will be impacted by the interferences and effects from the internal and external of it. We must enhance risk management of VE in order to avoid disaggregation at any moment. According to basic flow of risk management, this article brings forward types and occasion of internal and external risks of VE, consititutes the risk matrix of VE. In order to confirm the size of total risk in VE, multistage fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is advanced in this paper. At last, this article brings forward measures to keep away risks of VE with fundamentality analysis about risks.
首先,进行虚拟企业复杂性分析和生命周期过程分析。根据虚拟企业的特征,建立虚拟企业结构体系,分析虚拟企业的复杂性特征,进而划分虚拟企业生命周期,明确各生命周期阶段的任务和目标,总结面向生命周期的虚拟企业的研究体系。
针对虚拟企业具有的非连续、离散型的状态空间分布的特征,引入状态函数空间和态函数概念,分析虚拟企业的多维异构性,借助于本体论,给出虚拟企业各维空间的语义描述和映射过程,进而提出基于“维度-层次-属性”(Dimension-Layer-Attribute,DLA)的虚拟企业全生命周期多维概念模型。
虚拟企业组建期合作伙伴的正确选择是虚拟企业的成功运作的关键。利用博弈理论分析虚拟企业合作实质,引入虚拟企业经纪人(Broker)的概念,建立基于Broker的虚拟企业合作伙伴选择模型；构建虚拟企业合作伙伴选择评价指标体系,利用三角模糊数-AHP方法确定评价指标权重；利用相离度给出虚拟企业合作伙伴模糊优选的过程；利用成本分析进行虚拟企业的数量决策。
针对虚拟企业运作期的任务分配要求,分析任务分配的实现目标和约束条件,构建虚拟企业任务分配的多目标模型。在此基础上,针对传统遗传算法过早陷入局部收敛和收敛速度慢的缺陷,设计改进的遗传算法——自适应伪并行遗传算法对模型求解,通过算例验证算法的有效性。
虚拟企业运行中会受到来自于企业内外部环境的干扰和影响,加强虚拟企业风险管理成为防止虚拟企业随时中断解体的必然要求。按照风险管理的基本流程,定性地识别虚拟企业的外生风险和内生风险的类型及诱因,提出虚拟企业风险矩阵的概念,建立虚拟企业风险的多级模糊综合评判模型,确定虚拟企业生命周期总风险的大小,针对不同生命阶段风险的重要性,提出风险防范的基本措施。
With the development of economic globalization and networking, customers' demand is diversificated and individuated increasingly, and the life cycle of production is shorten gradually.As the same time,many competitors adopting the simulation stratege come forth,which is affecting the profits of the enterprises greatly. Accordingly, the traditional massive production fashion with volume-produce and single-function can not meet market demands with rapid changes. Enterprises must put up organizational changes.As a new organization pattern of enterprise, virtual enterprise(VE) is able to help the core enterprise maintain the core competence of itself, share more information and resource in the society,and catch hold of market opportunity.
Virtual enterprises are set up under the generation of market opportunities, and disaggregate with the disappearance of market opportunities.VE has the characteristic of strong life cycle. Many taches can influence the length of VE life cycle, such as partner selection, tasks distribution, interest coordination, information communication and risks management, If we can not manage these taches well, these taches can make the termination of VE whenever.Therefore the market opportunities will not be realized. Some key taches of VE's life cycle are special studied in this article, which can provide the basic theories and methods for the operation of VE.Main content of this article as follow:
At first, this article analysis the complexity and life cycle of virtual enterprise. Based on characteristics of virtual enterprises, this article presents frame system of VE, analysis complexity of VE, carve up life cycle of VE, defintude tasks and aims of VE, and sum up the reseach system facing the life cycle of VE.
Aiming at the character of Uncontinuity and Discrete state space distribution in VE, isomerism character of VE is discussed in this article.Using Ontology, this paper introduces concepts of state function space and state function, and presents a model of virtual enterprises that is based on state function eigenvectors "Dimension-Layer-Attribute"(DLA model). Using DLA model, the paper constructs semantic description and map of virtual enterprise system.
Select policy of partner in organization phase of VE is one of the most important elements for the success of VE that. With game theory, essence of cooperative and the concept of VE broker is advanced. This article constitutes partner selection model based broker of VE, making up the evaluation index system of VE partner. Index weight is computed by triangular fuzzy number and AHP.This article introduces the process of fuzzy optimization of VE partners by deviation degree and makes the number decision with cost analysis.
Against demands of task allocation in the procession phase of VE based on the analysis of realization targets and restriction conditions of task allocation, this article constructs multi-objects model of task allocation. An improved genetic algorithm, which is named adaptive pseudo-parallel genetic algorithm, is proposed to solve the model avoiding the early maturity and quickening the convergence speed. Simulation experiments proved that the proposed algorithm is effective.
Virtual enterprises will be impacted by the interferences and effects from the internal and external of it. We must enhance risk management of VE in order to avoid disaggregation at any moment. According to basic flow of risk management, this article brings forward types and occasion of internal and external risks of VE, consititutes the risk matrix of VE. In order to confirm the size of total risk in VE, multistage fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is advanced in this paper. At last, this article brings forward measures to keep away risks of VE with fundamentality analysis about risks.
引文
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