联机分析处理及其在商业自动化中的应用
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摘要
随着管理科学和计算机科学的飞速发展及其广泛应用，计算机在管理领域中的应用得到了人们的极大关注，随之而产生的决策支持系统(DSS)越来越受到重视，他已经成为系统工程、管理科学、人工智能等领域十分热门的研究课题。
数据仓库和联机分析处理(OLAP)是商业数据处理以及决策支持系统(DSS)领域中近几年发展的新兴技术。数据仓库存储了商业组织中的大量历史数据；OLAP则是对数据仓库中存储的信息进行复杂查询、分析的一项技术。现有关系数据库技术不能够完全满足OLAP应用的要求。此外，也需要一种标准化的数据概念模型对OLAP技术进行理论上的支撑。由此，我们在对OLAP技术进行深入分析的基础上，提出了—种OLAP数据模型及其代数表达。
OMDDM模型提出了数据超立方体模型，并在代数表达方面进行了改进，使得其可以支持OLAP操作。一方面，OMDDM简洁直观地表现了OLAP的数据特征；另一方面，OMDDM对OLAP技术的多维性、粒度性、层次性等进行了描述定义。OMDDM在上述基础上定义的代数表达为复杂的OLAP查询提供了方法。该方法可以利用MS SQL Server 6.5提供的SQL查询语言得以实现。OMDDM为提高OLAP查询速度提出了相关的算法，如多表连接M-Hash-join算法。对于OLAP应用基础——数据仓库，我们进行了相关的研究，并且创建了一个基于两百CIMS系统的数据仓库，从而为OLAP应用的实施奠定了基础。
最后，文章对商业自动化中的OALP应用的设计进行了详细的讨论，在设计中实现数据仓库和OLAP的概念、体系结构、特征要素，以及OMDDM模型的数据结构。
With the rapid development and wide application of the Science of Management and Computer Science, people pay great attention to the application of computer in the management field, which results in the concept of Decision Support System (DSS) gets more and more attractions. And now it has already become a quite pop research topic on System Engineering, the Science of Management, Artificial Intelligence and so on.
Data warehousing and On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) are two of the significant new technologies in the business data processing and DSS arena. A data warehouse can be defined as a "very large" repository of historical data pertaining to an organization. OLAP refers to the technique of performing complex analysis over the information stored in a data warehouse. The complexity of queries required to support OLAP applications makes it difficult to implement using standard relational database technology. Moreover, there is currently no standard conceptual model for OLAP. There is clearly a need for such a model and an algebra for OLAP application.
In this paper, we address this issue by proposing a model of a data cube and an algebra to support OLAP operations on this cube. The model we present OLAP Multidimensional Data Model (OMDDM), is simple and intuitive, and presents the features of OLAP such as multidimensionality, granularity, hierarchy and etc. In OMDDM, the algebra provides a means to concisely express complex OLAP quries using Structured Query Language (SQL) offered by MS SQL Server 6.5. in addition, OMDDM provides some algorithms for OLAP query processing such as Multi-Table Hash Join Algorithm. We introduce and study Data warehousing and build a data warehousing for OLAP application to Liang-Bai Computer Integration Manufacture System (LB C1MS). OLAP application to LB CIMS is based on OMDDM.
In the end, this paper has detailedly discussed design and implementation of OLAP application to the business inventory Decision Support Systems.
数据仓库和联机分析处理(OLAP)是商业数据处理以及决策支持系统(DSS)领域中近几年发展的新兴技术。数据仓库存储了商业组织中的大量历史数据；OLAP则是对数据仓库中存储的信息进行复杂查询、分析的一项技术。现有关系数据库技术不能够完全满足OLAP应用的要求。此外，也需要一种标准化的数据概念模型对OLAP技术进行理论上的支撑。由此，我们在对OLAP技术进行深入分析的基础上，提出了—种OLAP数据模型及其代数表达。
OMDDM模型提出了数据超立方体模型，并在代数表达方面进行了改进，使得其可以支持OLAP操作。一方面，OMDDM简洁直观地表现了OLAP的数据特征；另一方面，OMDDM对OLAP技术的多维性、粒度性、层次性等进行了描述定义。OMDDM在上述基础上定义的代数表达为复杂的OLAP查询提供了方法。该方法可以利用MS SQL Server 6.5提供的SQL查询语言得以实现。OMDDM为提高OLAP查询速度提出了相关的算法，如多表连接M-Hash-join算法。对于OLAP应用基础——数据仓库，我们进行了相关的研究，并且创建了一个基于两百CIMS系统的数据仓库，从而为OLAP应用的实施奠定了基础。
最后，文章对商业自动化中的OALP应用的设计进行了详细的讨论，在设计中实现数据仓库和OLAP的概念、体系结构、特征要素，以及OMDDM模型的数据结构。
With the rapid development and wide application of the Science of Management and Computer Science, people pay great attention to the application of computer in the management field, which results in the concept of Decision Support System (DSS) gets more and more attractions. And now it has already become a quite pop research topic on System Engineering, the Science of Management, Artificial Intelligence and so on.
Data warehousing and On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) are two of the significant new technologies in the business data processing and DSS arena. A data warehouse can be defined as a "very large" repository of historical data pertaining to an organization. OLAP refers to the technique of performing complex analysis over the information stored in a data warehouse. The complexity of queries required to support OLAP applications makes it difficult to implement using standard relational database technology. Moreover, there is currently no standard conceptual model for OLAP. There is clearly a need for such a model and an algebra for OLAP application.
In this paper, we address this issue by proposing a model of a data cube and an algebra to support OLAP operations on this cube. The model we present OLAP Multidimensional Data Model (OMDDM), is simple and intuitive, and presents the features of OLAP such as multidimensionality, granularity, hierarchy and etc. In OMDDM, the algebra provides a means to concisely express complex OLAP quries using Structured Query Language (SQL) offered by MS SQL Server 6.5. in addition, OMDDM provides some algorithms for OLAP query processing such as Multi-Table Hash Join Algorithm. We introduce and study Data warehousing and build a data warehousing for OLAP application to Liang-Bai Computer Integration Manufacture System (LB C1MS). OLAP application to LB CIMS is based on OMDDM.
In the end, this paper has detailedly discussed design and implementation of OLAP application to the business inventory Decision Support Systems.
引文
[1] Erik Thomsen，George Spofford，Dick Chase著，潇湘工作室译。Microsoft OLAP解决方案。北京：人民邮电出版社，2000年9月。
[2] 陈晓红 著。决策支持系统理论和应用。北京：清华大学出版社，2000年5月。
[3] Tom Hammergren 著，曹增强等译。数据仓库技术。北京：中国水利水电出版社，1998年2月。
[4] Microsoft Press 著，前导工作室 译。SOL Server 7 资源指南。北京：机械工业出版社，2000年1月。
[5] W．H．Inmon 著，王志海 等译。数据仓库。北京c机械工业出版社，2000年6月。
[6] Joyce Bischoff,Ted Alexander 著，成栋、魏立原译。数据仓库技术。北京：电子工业出版社，1998年6月。
[7] William C.Amo著，董梁等译。SQL Server OLAP 开发指南。北京：电子工业出版社，2000年8月。
[8] Anindya Datta, Helen Thomas, The cube data model: a conceptual model and algebra for on-line analytical processing in data warehouses, Decision Support Systems 27(1999)289-301.
[9] ARCHITECTURE AND QUALITY IN DATA WAREHOUSES:AN EXTENDED REPOSITORY APPROACH, Information Systems Vol. 24, No3. pp. 229-253. 1999.
[10] MICROSOFT REPOSITORY VERSION 2 AND THE OPEN INFORMATION MODEL, Information Systems Vol. 224, No. 2. pp71-98, 1999
[11] DERIVING ORTHOGONALITY TO OPTIMIZE THE SEARCH FOR SUMMARY DATA, Information Systems Vol. 24, No. 1. pp. 47-65. 1999
[12] Warehouse Creation A Potential Roadblock to Data Warehousing, Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
[13] Modeling Large Scale OLAP Scenarios, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Dept. of Database Systems. \\www.excites.com
[14] Normal Forms for Multidimensional Databases, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Dept. of Database Systems.\\www.excites.com
[15] An Alternative Storage Organization for ROLAP Aggregate View Based on Cubetrees, Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland. \\www.excites.com
[16] OLAP and Statistical Databases: Similarities and Differences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California. \\www.excites.com
[17] A Survey on Logical Models for OLAP Databases, National Technical University of Athens. \\www.excites.com
[18] 数据仓库及其前端工具--OLAP的设计与实现，大连理工大学计算机技术研究所，\\www.dlut.edu.cn
[19] 多维数据立方体模型及其基于关系的实现，计算机工程与应用，2001，2，P83-85．
[20] 数据仓库原形系统设计，计算机工程与应用，2000，11，P109-111，143．
[21] 商业销售分析数据仓库的数据可视化的一种设计，计算机工程与应用，2000，10，P120-122．
[22] 数据仓库查询与智能查询程序的实现，计算机工程与应用，2000，8，P114-116，141．
[23] 一种基于数据仓库的数据挖掘系统的结构框架，计算机应用研究，2000，9，P63-65．
[24] 保险业务联机分析处理系统的实现，软件学报，2000，11，P1510-1515
[25] 一种数据仓库的多维数据模型，软件学报，2000，11(7)，P908-917．
[26] 联机分析处理及其在管理信息系统中的应用，计算机应用研究，2001，1，P71-74
[27] 数据仓库查询处理中的一种多表连接算法，软件学报，2001，Vol．12，No．2，P190-196
[2] 陈晓红 著。决策支持系统理论和应用。北京：清华大学出版社，2000年5月。
[3] Tom Hammergren 著，曹增强等译。数据仓库技术。北京：中国水利水电出版社，1998年2月。
[4] Microsoft Press 著，前导工作室 译。SOL Server 7 资源指南。北京：机械工业出版社，2000年1月。
[5] W．H．Inmon 著，王志海 等译。数据仓库。北京c机械工业出版社，2000年6月。
[6] Joyce Bischoff,Ted Alexander 著，成栋、魏立原译。数据仓库技术。北京：电子工业出版社，1998年6月。
[7] William C.Amo著，董梁等译。SQL Server OLAP 开发指南。北京：电子工业出版社，2000年8月。
[8] Anindya Datta, Helen Thomas, The cube data model: a conceptual model and algebra for on-line analytical processing in data warehouses, Decision Support Systems 27(1999)289-301.
[9] ARCHITECTURE AND QUALITY IN DATA WAREHOUSES:AN EXTENDED REPOSITORY APPROACH, Information Systems Vol. 24, No3. pp. 229-253. 1999.
[10] MICROSOFT REPOSITORY VERSION 2 AND THE OPEN INFORMATION MODEL, Information Systems Vol. 224, No. 2. pp71-98, 1999
[11] DERIVING ORTHOGONALITY TO OPTIMIZE THE SEARCH FOR SUMMARY DATA, Information Systems Vol. 24, No. 1. pp. 47-65. 1999
[12] Warehouse Creation A Potential Roadblock to Data Warehousing, Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
[13] Modeling Large Scale OLAP Scenarios, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Dept. of Database Systems. \\www.excites.com
[14] Normal Forms for Multidimensional Databases, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Dept. of Database Systems.\\www.excites.com
[15] An Alternative Storage Organization for ROLAP Aggregate View Based on Cubetrees, Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland. \\www.excites.com
[16] OLAP and Statistical Databases: Similarities and Differences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California. \\www.excites.com
[17] A Survey on Logical Models for OLAP Databases, National Technical University of Athens. \\www.excites.com
[18] 数据仓库及其前端工具--OLAP的设计与实现，大连理工大学计算机技术研究所，\\www.dlut.edu.cn
[19] 多维数据立方体模型及其基于关系的实现，计算机工程与应用，2001，2，P83-85．
[20] 数据仓库原形系统设计，计算机工程与应用，2000，11，P109-111，143．
[21] 商业销售分析数据仓库的数据可视化的一种设计，计算机工程与应用，2000，10，P120-122．
[22] 数据仓库查询与智能查询程序的实现，计算机工程与应用，2000，8，P114-116，141．
[23] 一种基于数据仓库的数据挖掘系统的结构框架，计算机应用研究，2000，9，P63-65．
[24] 保险业务联机分析处理系统的实现，软件学报，2000，11，P1510-1515
[25] 一种数据仓库的多维数据模型，软件学报，2000，11(7)，P908-917．
[26] 联机分析处理及其在管理信息系统中的应用，计算机应用研究，2001，1，P71-74
[27] 数据仓库查询处理中的一种多表连接算法，软件学报，2001，Vol．12，No．2，P190-196