苹果砧木耐盐变异细胞系筛选和鉴定指标的研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
本试验以苹果砧木愈伤组织和悬浮细胞系为材料,对苹果砧木耐盐变异细胞系的筛选技术和适宜鉴定指标的选择进行了研究。主要结果如下:
     1 不同苹果砧木种类对EMS的敏感性不同,愈伤组织的相对生长量随处理浓度提高和时间的延长而降低。EMS溶液处理愈伤组织适宜的处理剂量为:0.2%+1.5h;EMS加入培养液处理悬浮细胞系的适宜处理剂量为0.02%+2d。
     2 苹果砧木愈伤组织和悬浮细胞系经筛选系统选择,初步确立了9个变异细胞系,其中Hyp变异细胞系7个,NaCl变异细胞系2个。所用的3种筛选方法中,经一步正筛选获得4个变异细胞系;经连续多步筛选获得3个变异细胞系;经间隙多步筛选获得2个变异细胞系。对变异细胞系进行生理生化指标的鉴定发现,Hyp变异细胞系耐盐性高于NaCl变异细胞系;经~(60)Co-γ辐射和EMS双因素诱变处理的变异细胞系耐盐性高于经EMS单因素处理的变异细胞系。Hyp变异细胞系中,经由多步筛选获得的变异细胞系耐盐性高于经由一步筛选获得的变异细胞系。
     3 在所鉴定的7个生理生化指标中,变异细胞系的相对生长量、SOD活性、POD活性、Pro含量均高于对照,细胞膜透性、氯离子含量、MDA含量均低于对照,表现出较高的耐盐性。本试验认为细胞相对生长量、细胞膜透性、MDA含量和氯离子含量可以作为耐盐性鉴定的指标,游离脯氨酸含量和POD活性可以作为参考指标,SOD活性不宜作为耐盐性的鉴定指标。
     4 变异细胞系经无盐继代培养后仍具有较高的游离脯氨酸积累能力,表明变异细胞系具有稳定的耐盐性。试验确立了78-48适宜的分化培养基组分为MS+蔗糖3.5%+琼脂0.6%+TDZ 0.5 mg·L~(-1)+BA 0.5 mg·L~(-1)+CA 0.02mmol·L~(-1)+KT 0.15 mg·L~(-1)。Hyp变异细胞系仍具有较高的分化率,是NaCl变异细胞系分化能力的4倍。78-48变异细胞系分化植株在NaCl 0.8%水平上生长状况好于对照。
The research was carried out with calli and suspension cells of apple rootstocks.The screening techniques for salt-tolerant variants of apple rootstock cells were studied. The main results were as follows:
    1 Different species of apple rootstocks have different tolerance on EMS.The relative growth of calli were decreased with the increasing of mutagen concentrations and the prolongation of treatment time. In the experiment, about 60% lethal dose of the mutagens was used as the selection indexes of optimal mutagen concentrations and treatment time. The best combination of treatment was as the follows:
    EMS solution treatment calli:0.2%+l .5h
    Adding EMS to medium treatment suspention cells:0.02%+2d
    2 Nine variant cell lines were achieved after selection. Among these 7 lines were achieved after Hyp selection and 2 lines were achieved after NaCl selection. From diffferent select system, one step active selection resulted in 4 lines; cominuons multi-step selection system resulted in 3 lines and interval multi-step selection system resulted in 2 lines.Contrasting the salt tolerance of variant cell lines after identifing indexs appraisal,the results were as follows:
    The salt tolerance of Hyp variant cell lines were higher than NaCl variant cell lines.The variant cell lines after 60Co- and EMS induction treatment had higher salt tolerance than EMS treatment variants.Among the Hyp variant cell lines, the lines derived from multi-step selection system have higher salt tolerance than those derived from one step selection system.
    3 Through 7 index identifing, higher salt tolerance existed in variant cell lines with higher relative growth, SOD activity, POD activity and free Pro content; lower cell membrane permeability, MDA content and Cl- content than control.
    It was recommended that relative growth, relative pemeability of cell membrane, MDA content and Cl- content could be used as the evaluation indexes of salt tolerance;
    
    
    
    Pro content and POD activity could be used as the reference indexes of salt tolerance and SOD activity could not be used as the evaluation index of salt tolerance.
    4 The variant cell lines still have high ability of accumulating free proline after cultivation on normal medium,which indicated the variant cell lines have steady salt tolerance.The optimal regermination medium of 78-48 was MS+3.5% sucrose+0.6% agar+ TDZ 0.5 mg'L-1+BA 0.5 mg'L-1+CA 0.02mmol L-1'+KT 0.15 mg'L-1.The Hyp-resistant variant cell lines still have high ability of regerminating which was 4X to the NaCl-resistant variant cell lines. The regenerative plant of 78-48 variant cell lines have better growth than control on 0.8% NaCl medium.
引文
[1]罗士韦,何卓培.高等植物突变细胞系的研究[J].细胞生物学杂志,1982,4(2):1~9.
    [2]周荣仁,杨燮荣,余叔文.利用组织培养研究植物耐盐机理与筛选耐盐突变体的进展[J].植物生理学通讯,1989,(5):11~19.
    [3]史桂荣.化学诱变剂在玉米育种中的应用[J].黑龙江农业科学,1994,(3):43~44.
    [4]王长泉.果树诱变育种研究进展[J].山东农业大学学报,2000,14(1):61~64.
    [5]许耀奎,顾光炜,邬信康等.作物诱变育种[M].上海,上海科学技术出版社,1985:55~61.
    [6]王元东,赵久然,郭景伦.诱变育种在创造玉米新种质中的应用[J].北京农业科学,1999,17(2):12~16.
    [7]朱校奇.农作物化学诱变育种研究进展[J].核农学通报,1990,11(3):101~103.
    [8]何道一,李雅志,王其会.不同基因型苹果的离体再生特性及其对NaN_3的反应[J].核农学报,1997,11(2):84~88.
    [9]M. Afsar Awan, C.F.Konzak, J.N. Rutger Mutagenic effects of sodium azide in rice Crop Science[J]. 1980,20:663~668.
    [10]柳学余,农作物化学诱变育种[M].南京,东南大学出版社,71~82.
    [11]张铭堂,诱变[J].科学农业,1996,44(1):37~52.
    [12]夏英武,吴殿星,舒庆尧.植物诱变育种技术的研究进展及其新领域[J].核农学通报,1995,16(1):39~42.
    [13]张敏.果树辐射育种的研究及展望[J].辽宁农业科学,1993,(2):44~46.
    [14]Broerjes C,Harten A M Van. Applied mutation breeding for vegetatively propagated crops[M].ELSECIER,AMSTRERDAM, 1988,35~39.
    [15]M.B.MALUSZYNSHI. Mutant varieties-data bank(FAO/IAEA Database)[M].mutation breeding newseletter,ISSN, 1991,38:1011~2601.
    [16]孙凤兰.苹果短枝型突变体的分离[J].中国果树,1987(3):31~33.
    [17]谢志芳.辐射诱变板栗新品种—农大1号高产稳产性状分析[J].华南农业大学学报,1993(3):120~124.
    [18]肖韵琴.射线辐射对红玉苹果斑点病发病率的影响[J].核农学报,19871(2):95~98.
    [19]张镜昆.极少核“雪柑”的辐射育种初探[J].园艺学报,1987,14(1):65~68.
    [20]叶自行.无核红江橙选育初报[J].中国柑桔,1993,22(2):21.
    [21]石荫坪,王强生.中国落叶果树育种五十年[J].落叶果树,2000,(3)1~5.
    
    
    [22]王存喜,程炳嵩,李雅志等.中华猕猴桃耐盐变异体筛选[J].核农学报,1990,4(4):206~212.
    [23]邓占鳌,章文才,万蜀渊.柑桔耐盐系的离体诱发与原生质体植株再生[J].园艺学报,1993,20(2):127~132.
    [24]于惠敏,霍丽云,陈保金。葡萄耐羟脯氨酸变异细胞系的筛选及其特性研究[J].植物生理学通讯,1998,34(5):352~355.
    [25]孙建设,王海英,刘冬云,利用苹果砧木组培苗进行耐盐筛选和诱变技术研究[J].中国农学通报,2000,16(2):25~27.
    [26]杜秀达.植物细胞突变体的选择和应用[J].植物生理学通讯,1979,3:76~82.
    [27]Paul M. Hasegawa, Ray A.Bressan, Avtar K Handa. Cellular mechanisms of salinity tolerance[J].Hortscience, 1986,21(6):1317~1324.
    [28]Marla L. Binzel, Paul M Hasegawa, Avtar k. Handa. Adaptation of tobacco cells to NaCl[J]. Plant physicol, 1985,79:118~125.
    [29]Gozal Ben-hayyim, Joshua Kochba. Aspects of salt tolerance in nad-selected stable cell line of Citrus sinensis. [J]. Plant physiol, 1983,72:685~690.
    [30]H.R.Lemer. Adaptation to salinity at the plant cell level[J].Plant and soil, 1985,89:3~14.
    [31]S S Gosal, Y P Sbajaj. Isolation of sodium chloride resistant cell lines in some grain-legumes[J]. Indian journal of experimental biology, 1984,22:209~214.
    [32]杨素欣,王振镒.盐胁迫下小麦愈伤组织生理生化特性的变化[J].西北农业大学学报,1999,27(2)48~51.
    [33]唐学玺,贾敬芬.小麦耐盐细胞系对盐胁迫的伤害性反应[J].植物学报,1999,41(7):757~760.
    [34]胡一东,林伯年,沈德绪.柚汁胞愈伤组织的诱导及耐盐性的研究[J].浙江农业大学学报,1993,19(3):327~330.
    [35]高峰,陈善春,吴安仁等.华盛顿脐橙胚珠愈伤组织的诱导及耐盐性研究[J].植物生理学通讯,1988(1):32~34.
    [36]陈耀锋,贺普超.同基因型葡萄愈伤组织脯氨酸累积变异系的抗盐性研究[J].农业生物技术学报 1997,5(1):58~63.
    [37]廖祥儒.盐胁迫对葡萄新稍叶片的伤害作用[J].果树科学,1996,13(4):211~214.
    [38]廖祥儒,马凯姜,卫兵等.玉米素对盐渍下葡萄叶圆片H_2O_2清除系统的影响[J].植物学报 1997,39(7):641~646.
    [39]陈善容.柳橙胚愈伤组织耐盐性研究[J].西南农业大学学报,1987,9(4):463~469.
    
    
    [40]王宝山,姚敦义.盐胁迫对沙枣愈伤组织膜透性、膜质过氧化SOD活性的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,1993,16(3):20~24.
    [41]汪良驹,马凯,姜卫兵等.NaCl胁迫下石榴和桃植株Na~+、K~+含量与耐盐性的研究[J].园艺学报,1995,22(4):336~340.
    [42]Gorham Fetal..Some mechanism of salt tolerance in crop plants[J]. Plant and soil, 1985, 89:15~40.
    [43]Zid E, Grignon C. Sodium-calcium interaction in leaves of Curus aurantium grown in the presence of NaCl[J]. Physiol Veg, 1985,23:895~903.
    [44]Hayyim B G, Kochba J. Aspects of salt tolerance in a NaCl selected stable cell line of Citrus sinensis. [J]. Plant physiol, 1983,72:685~690.
    [45]汪良驹,马凯,姜卫兵等.五种落叶果树的氯离子分布与耐盐性研究[J].中国南方果树,1996,25(4):34~38.
    [46]汪良驹,王业遴,刘友良.无花果耐盐机理研究Ⅰ.盐逆境下脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白的积累[J].南京农业大学学报,1989,12(4):124~125.
    [47]赵可夫,HARRIS P J C.盐胁迫对沙枣生理特性的影响[J].山东师范大学学报,1992,7(4):94~101.
    [48]汪良驹,刘友良,马凯等.无花果细胞系耐盐性与抗氧化酶活性的变化[J].园艺学报,1999,26(6):351~355.
    [49]陆卫,贾敬芬.谷子耐盐系的几种同工酶的变化及外源ABA对它们的影响[J].西北植物学报,1996,16(4):337~344.
    [50]陆卫,贾敬芬.谷子胚性愈伤组织耐盐系的选择及其生理生化特性分析[J].作物学报,1994,20(3):241~246.
    [51]许耀.抗氨基酸和氨基酸类似物植物细胞突变体的选择、鉴定及应用[J].植物学通报,1988,5(4):193~198.
    [52]汤章城.逆境条件下植物脯氨酸的积累及其可能的意义[J].植物生理学通讯,1984(1):15~21.
    [53]陈晖,王敬驹.甘蔗抗羟脯氨酸细胞变异系筛选及其特性的研究[J].植物学报,1991,33(10):738~743.
    [54]Hanny Tantau,Karl Dorffling. In vitro-selection of hydroxyproline-resistant cell lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum):accumulation of proline,decrease in osmotic potential,and increase in frost tolerance[J].Physiologia plantarum, 1991,82:243~248.
    
    
    [55]郭岩,张耕耘,陈少麟等.抗羟脯氨酸水稻变异系的筛选及其特性的研究[J].实验生物学报 1993,26(2):101~105.
    [56]贺道耀,余叔文.水稻高脯氨酸愈伤组织变异体的选择及其耐盐性[J].植物生理学,1995,21(1):65~72.
    [57]HE Dao-yao,YU Shu-wen. Changges in composition of amino acids and proteins of high-proline-producing variant from rice callus under salt stress[J]..Acta phytophysiologica sinica, 1995,21(2):1123~130.
    [58]陈晖,匡柏健,王敬驹.羊草抗羟脯氨酸细胞变异系的筛选及其特性分析[J].植物学报,1995,37(2):42~46.
    [59]陈耀锋,贺普超,廖祥如.葡萄愈伤组织脯氨酸累积变异系的分离研究[J].西北农业大学学报 1997,25(2):42~46.
    [60]Widholm J M. Selection and characterization of cultured carrot and tobacco cell resistant to lysine methionine and proline analogs[J].CAN J BOT, 1976,54:1523~1530.
    [61]Dix P J, Mclysaght V A, Ptarce R S. The potential of cell culture for the production of salt tolerance. IN: Lange W, Hongenboum N G. Efficiency in plant breeding. Proceeding of the 10th congress of the european association for research on plant breeding[M].Wagenigen:Evcarpia, 1984: 219~223.
    [62]许耀,朱庆麟.单倍性烟草Hyp抗性愈伤组织变异系的选择及其生理生化特性的研究Ⅰ.Hyp抗性变异系的抗性表现[J].生物工程学报,1986,2(4):35~42.
    [63]许耀,朱庆麟.单倍性烟草Hyp抗性愈伤组织变异系的选择及其生理生化特性的研究Ⅱ.Hyp抗性变异系内游离脯氨酸的积累[J].生物工程学报,1987,3(2):137~145.
    [64]许耀,朱庆麟.单倍性烟草Hyp抗性愈伤组织变异系的选择及其生理生化特性的研究Ⅲ.Hyp抗性变异系在逆境条件下的反应[J].生物工程学报,1987,4(1):55~59.
    [65]林定波,颜秋生,廖祥如等.柑橘抗羟脯氨酸细胞变异系的选择及其抗寒性研究[J].浙江农业大学学报,1999,25(1):94~98.
    [66]韦小敏,季良越,胡彦民等.玉米耐盐愈伤组织变异的筛选初报[J].河南农业大学学报,2000,34(4):324~328.
    [67]吴沿友,罗鹏.甘蓝型油菜抗Hyp突变体的筛选及鉴定[J].中国油料作物学报.1998,20(2):10~15.
    [68]A.C.Vanswaaij, H.Nijdam. E. Jacobsen.Increased frost tolerance and amino acid content in
    
    leaves,tubers and leaf callus of regenerated hydroxyproline resistant potato clones[J].Euphytica, 1987,36:369~380.
    [69]J.S.H. Kueh,S.W.J.Bright. Biochemical and genetical analysis of three proline-accumulating barley mutants[J]..Plant science letters, 1982,27:233~241.
    [70]K.Dorffling, H.Doffling, G.Lesselich. Heritable improvement of frost tolerance in wheat by in vitro-selection of hydroxyprolme-resistant proline overproducing mutants[J]. Euphytica,1997,93:1~10.
    [71]吕晓波,陈力,刘丽艳等.对复盐筛选水稻体细胞变异体的研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,1994,4:32~35.
    [72]杜中军,翟衡,王志刚等.苹果砧木耐盐性田间鉴定[J].中国果树,2001(2):1~4.
    [73]赵进春,任庆棉,刘捍中等.部分苹果属植物的抗盐性鉴定[J].北方果树,1995(1):9~10.
    [74]查霞娟,孙岚,肖崇彬等.苹果砧木耐盐性比较试验[J].中国果树,1986(2):5~9.
    [75]马翠兰,刘星辉,陈中海等.果树对盐胁迫的反应及耐盐性鉴定的研究进展[J].福建农业大学学报,2000.29(2):161~166.
    [76]Mokhtar M. Hassan,A.I.Abou El-azayem.Differences in salt tolerance of some fruit species[J]. Egypt. J. hort, 1990,17(1): 1~7.
    [77]石桂英,刘捍中.几种苹果和梨砧木耐盐性鉴定与调查[J].落叶果树,1990(3):30~31.
    [78]马凯,汪良驹,王业遴等.十八种果树盐害症状与耐盐性研究[J].果树科学,1997.14(1):1~5.
    [79]高明波,柳展基,于翠梅等.盐胁迫水稻愈伤组织的生理生化指标检测[J].沈阳农业大学学报,1999,30(4):404~407.
    [80]贺道耀,余叔文.水稻高脯氨酸愈伤组织变异体盐胁迫下氨基酸和蛋白质组分的变化[J].植物生理学报,1995,21(2):123~130.
    [81]徐云岭,余叔文.植物盐胁迫蛋白[J].植物生理学通讯,1989(2):12~16.
    [82]贺志理,王洪春.盐胁迫下苜蓿中盐蛋白的诱导产生[J].植物生理学报,1991,17(1):71~79.
    [83]王颖,杜荣骞,赵素然.高粱在盐胁迫下特定蛋白的表达及与耐盐性关系的研究[J].作物学报,1999,25(1):76~81.
    [84]王海波.组织培养中细胞状态的调控[J].作物杂志,1991(3):3~6.
    [85]张进仁,吴安仁,高峰.长期继代培养的柳橙胚愈伤组织再分化能力和遗传性分析[J].园艺学报,1987,14(3):213~216.
    [86]王力,张云孙,陈屹.影响水稻愈伤组织植株再生频率的因素研究[J].云南大学学报,1999,21(2):
    
    113~115.
    [87]李雪梅,刘熔山.小麦幼穗胚性愈伤组织诱导及分化过程中内源激素的作用[J].植物生理学通讯,1994,30(4):255~260.
    [88]周荣仁,杨燮荣,余叔文.利用组织培养选择烟草耐盐愈伤组织变异体并分化出再生植株[J].实验生物学报,1986,19(3):279~291.
    [89]A.A.Watad, D. Swartzberg,R.A. Bressan et al Stability of salt tolerance at the cell level after regeneration of plants from a salt tolerant tobacco cell line[J].Physiologia plantarum, 1991, 83:307~313.
    [90]张绮纹,张望东.群众杨39无性系耐盐悬浮细胞系的建立和体细胞变异体完整植株的诱导[J].林业科学研究,1995,8(4):395~401.
    [91]Francesca Fasolo,Richard H. Adventitious shoot formation on excised leaves of in vitro grown shoots of apple cultivars[J].Plant cell, 1989,16:75~87.
    [92]S.S.Korban, P.A.O'Connor,A. Elobeidy. Effects of thidiazuron,naphthaleneacetic acid, dark incubation and genotype on shoot organogenesis from Malus leaves[J].Journal of horticultural science, 1992,67(3):341~349.
    [93]David J. James lames,Andrew J. Passey,Eddo Rugini. Factors affecting high freqquency plant regeneration from apple leaf tissues cultured in vitro[J].J.plant physiol, 1988,132:148~154.
    [94]J.R. Liu,K.C.Sink,F.G.Dennis.Adventive embryogenesis from leaf explants of apple seedings[J].Hortscience, 1983,18(6):871~873.
    [95]E.M.Patat-ochatt,J. Boccon-gibod,M.Duron et al. Organogenesis of stem and leaf protoplasts of a haploid golden delicious apple clone[J].Plant cell reports, 1993,12:118~120.
    [96]范昆华,蒋振涛.苹果子叶愈伤组织的诱导及植株再生的研究[J].上海农学院学报,1993,11(3):243~248.
    [97]潘增光,邓秀新.苹果组织培养再生技术研究进展[J].果树科学,1998,15(3):261~266.
    [98]Chaleff R S. Isolation of agronomically useful mutants from plant cell cultures[J]. science, 1983, 219:678~682.
    [99]Voetborg G S,Sharp R E. Growth of the maize primary root at low water potentials[J].Plant physiol,1991,96:1125~1131.
    [100]Cleland R, Olson A C. Dioect incoration of hydroxyproline into Avena colepotile proteins[J]. Biochemistry, 1968, 7: 1745~1751.
    [101]傅秀云.冬小麦耐盐力与脯氨酸含量的关系[J].山东农业科学,1988,2:5~7.
    [102]Csonka L N. Proline over-production results in enhanced osmotolerance in Salmonella typhimarium[J]. Mol. Gen. Genet, 1981, 182: 82~86.
    
    
    [103]Hanson A D. Evalution of free proline accumulation as an index of drought resistance using two contrasting barley cultivar[J].Crop Sci, 1977, 17:720~726.
    [104]杨素欣,王振镒.盐胁迫下小麦愈伤组织生理生化特性的变化[J].西北农业大学学报,1999,27(2):48~51.
    [105]高明波,柳展基,于翠梅等.盐胁迫水稻愈伤组织生理生化指标检测[J].沈阳农业大学学报,1999,30(4):404~407.
    [106]Kocsy G, Galiba G, Sutka J. In vitro system to study salt and drought tolerance of wheat [J]. Acta Horticulturae, 1991(289): 235~236.
    [107]张玉萍.圆叶海棠叶片愈伤组织的诱导及其植株再生[J].植物生理学通讯,1992(6):435~437.
    [108]达克东,李雅志,束怀瑞.苹果叶片培养和植株再生研究[J].核农学报,1995,9(3):139~143.
    [109]吴国梁,陈国秀.苹果茎件及叶柄的组织培养[J].植物生理学通讯,1990(4):49~55.
    [110]陈维伦,杨善英,王洪新等.苹果属植物(M_o)愈伤组织的器官分化[J].植物学报,1979,21(2):191~194.
    [111]Ben-Hayyim G, Goffer Y. Piantlet regeneration from a NaCl-selected salt-tolerant callus culture of shamoui oragne[J].Plant Cell Rep, 1989, 7:680~685.
    [112]王仑山,王鸣刚,王亚馥.利用组织和细胞培养筛选作物耐盐突变体的研究[J].植物学通报,1996,13(2):7~12.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700