增压柴油机进气系统仿真研究
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摘要
柴油机进气系统的结构和流动性能的优劣将直接影响柴油机的动力性、经济性和排放特性。而且,提高柴油机功率的关键之一是在换气过程中提高充量系数并降低进气系统的流动阻力。设计和匹配最佳的柴油机进气系统,就能在柴油机一定的转速范围内增加进气量,提高功率,改善扭矩特性,降低油耗率和烟度。因此,研究并改进气系统的性能及结构无论是在理论上还是在实践中都很有必要。
本论文首先应用发动机一维模拟软件GT-POWER建立了增压柴油机进气系统工作过程计算模型,仿真计算结果与实验结果吻合良好。并在此基础上进行了该柴油机标定工况的工作过程仿真计算,对其标定工况下的主要性能指标进行了预测分析。之后对进气管路进行了优化。进气管参数主要包括进气总管管长和管径、稳压腔容积和进气歧管的管长、管径。通过分析不同进气管参数对管内压力波动、充气效率的影响,总结出规律,并找出主要影响因素。并应用GT-POWER自带的优化工具建立了以标定工况下柴油机容积效率最优为目标的增压柴油机性能优化的仿真模型,计算结果表明:经过参数优化后,该柴油机进气能力得到加强,进气均匀性有所提高。
最后,通过对增压器、中冷器与增压柴油机的匹配研究,确定排气系统采用脉冲增压系统。在该系统的基础上,建立了该柴油机与增压系统的联合运行线,并进行了柴油机外特性分析,仿真结果显示柴油机与增压器匹配较好;以降低中冷器阻力为优化目标,确定了中冷器主要结构参数,这为以后的中冷器设计提供了的帮助。
Intake system of diesel engine on structure and flow characteristics directly influence power, fuel economy and emission performance of diesel engine. One key to raising power of diesel engine is improving volumetric efficiency and lower resistance to the flow of intake system in air exchange process. And, design and matching the best diesel engine intake system, we can increase the intake flow rate, improve power, improve torque characteristics and lower fuel consumption rate and soot in a certain speed. So, in theory and in practice, it is necessary to research and improve on both performance and structure of intake system.
The thesis based on software GT-POWER is applied for establishing the calculation model of turbocharged diesel engine intake system. The calculation can be accord with the experiment result accurately. On the basis of model, the simulation of rated condition is conducted, and main performance is predicted. After, the intake pipe has been optimized. The parameters of intake pipe include the length of main pipe and its diameter, length and diameter of manifold and volume of steady-pressure box. From the analysis of intake parameter's effect on pressure fluctuation and volumetric efficiency, we made a conclusion and found the main affected facts. After confirming constraint and parameters, an optimization model aim to obtain maximum volumetric efficiency in rated condition is set up. The computation results indicate that the intake uniformity is satisfying.
The end, it is determined that the exhaust system uses the pulse turbocharged system via matching supercharger, intercooler and turbocharged diesel engine. Based on the system, the combination operating curve variable geometry turbocharger and diesel engine is established, and external characteristics of diesel engine are analyzed. Simulation results showed that diesel engine supercharger match better. The major structural parameters of intercooler are determined aim to reduce the resistance of intercooler. This provides help for design of intercooler.
本论文首先应用发动机一维模拟软件GT-POWER建立了增压柴油机进气系统工作过程计算模型,仿真计算结果与实验结果吻合良好。并在此基础上进行了该柴油机标定工况的工作过程仿真计算,对其标定工况下的主要性能指标进行了预测分析。之后对进气管路进行了优化。进气管参数主要包括进气总管管长和管径、稳压腔容积和进气歧管的管长、管径。通过分析不同进气管参数对管内压力波动、充气效率的影响,总结出规律,并找出主要影响因素。并应用GT-POWER自带的优化工具建立了以标定工况下柴油机容积效率最优为目标的增压柴油机性能优化的仿真模型,计算结果表明:经过参数优化后,该柴油机进气能力得到加强,进气均匀性有所提高。
最后,通过对增压器、中冷器与增压柴油机的匹配研究,确定排气系统采用脉冲增压系统。在该系统的基础上,建立了该柴油机与增压系统的联合运行线,并进行了柴油机外特性分析,仿真结果显示柴油机与增压器匹配较好;以降低中冷器阻力为优化目标,确定了中冷器主要结构参数,这为以后的中冷器设计提供了的帮助。
Intake system of diesel engine on structure and flow characteristics directly influence power, fuel economy and emission performance of diesel engine. One key to raising power of diesel engine is improving volumetric efficiency and lower resistance to the flow of intake system in air exchange process. And, design and matching the best diesel engine intake system, we can increase the intake flow rate, improve power, improve torque characteristics and lower fuel consumption rate and soot in a certain speed. So, in theory and in practice, it is necessary to research and improve on both performance and structure of intake system.
The thesis based on software GT-POWER is applied for establishing the calculation model of turbocharged diesel engine intake system. The calculation can be accord with the experiment result accurately. On the basis of model, the simulation of rated condition is conducted, and main performance is predicted. After, the intake pipe has been optimized. The parameters of intake pipe include the length of main pipe and its diameter, length and diameter of manifold and volume of steady-pressure box. From the analysis of intake parameter's effect on pressure fluctuation and volumetric efficiency, we made a conclusion and found the main affected facts. After confirming constraint and parameters, an optimization model aim to obtain maximum volumetric efficiency in rated condition is set up. The computation results indicate that the intake uniformity is satisfying.
The end, it is determined that the exhaust system uses the pulse turbocharged system via matching supercharger, intercooler and turbocharged diesel engine. Based on the system, the combination operating curve variable geometry turbocharger and diesel engine is established, and external characteristics of diesel engine are analyzed. Simulation results showed that diesel engine supercharger match better. The major structural parameters of intercooler are determined aim to reduce the resistance of intercooler. This provides help for design of intercooler.
引文
铩颷1]周龙保.内燃机学[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2003
[2]丘卓丹,余亚军,吴南,车用柴油机进气系统的研究发展[J].广西工学院学报.2001,6:54-57
[3]胡咏.柴油发动机进气道优化设计研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2004,5:1-3
[4]M.Takizawa,Tatsuo Uno et al.A Study of Gas Exchange Process Simulation of anAutomotive Multi-Cylinder Internal Combustion Engine.SAE 820410:594-610
[5]M.F.Harrison,P.T.Stanev,Measuring wave dynamics in IC engine intake systems.Journal of Sound and Vibration.269(2004):389-408
[6]R.J.Pearson,M.D.Bassett.Multi-dimensional wave propagation in pipe junctions.SAE 03-01-1999
[7]S.C.Low,P.C.Baruah.A Genernalized Computer Aided Design Package for I.C.EngineManifold System.SAE 810498:357-360
[8]M.A.Ceviz,Intake plenum volume and its influence on the engine performance,cyclic variability and emissions.Energy Conversion and Management 2006
[9]W.Zucker,R.R.Maly,Evolution-StrategyBased,FullyAutomatic,Nu-mericalOptimization of Gas-Exchange Systems for IC Engines,SAE TECHNICAL PAPERSERIES:2001-01-05:77
[10]邓康耀等.涡轮谐振增压系统的研究[J].内燃机工程.1989,4:3-10
[11]刘敬平.进气系统设计参数对多缸发动机充气效率--转速特性的影响[J].内燃机学报.1997,3:257-266
[12]王建昕等.EQ491电喷发动机进排气系统的匹配优化计算[J].车用发动机.1999,(6):12-17
[13]徐斌,史艳彬.发动机进气系统流动模拟与优化[J].内燃机工程.2005,8:12-15
[14]焦天民,周龙保.内燃机进气系统模拟计算新方法研究[J].车用发动机.2002,(1):5-7
[15]余兀.进气系统阻力对柴油机性能影响的试验研究[J].柴油机设计与制造.2006,(1):42-43
[16]张悠浩,何学良等.空气滤清器对脉冲增压及空气效率的影响[J].内燃机学报.1987,5(1):24-28
[17]姚小刚.用于微型计算机的四缸内燃机循环模拟程序研究[D].清华大学硕士论文.1984:1-20
[18]耿爱农.内燃机非定常流计算中分支管边界条件的探讨[J].广西大学学报.1996,21(1):32-34
[19]孙民等.MPC增压系统三分支流动计算模型研究[J].大连理工大学学报.1996,36(3):34-37
[20]G.P.Blair et al.An Improved Branched Pipe Model for Multi-cylinder AutomotiveEngine Calculations.PLME.1985,199(DI):47-49
[21]朱访君,吴坚.内燃机工作过程数值计算及其优化[M].北京:国防工业出版社.1997
[22]朱大鑫.涡轮增压与涡轮增压器[M].北京:机械工业出版社.1992
铩颷23]蒋德明.内燃机的涡轮增压[M].北京:机械工业出版社.1986
[24]顾宏中.涡轮增压柴油机性能研究[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社.1998
[25]J.B.Heywood.Internal combustion engine fundamentals[M].McGraw-Hill BookCompany.1988
[26]方适应.车用柴油机进排气系统流动特性研究[D].上海交通大学硕士学位论文.2001,1:8-11
[27]帕坦卡.传热与流体流动的数值计算[M].北京:科学出版社.1984
[28]范维澄,万跃鹏.流动及燃烧的模型与计算[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社.1992
[29]陶文铨.数值传热学[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社.1988
[30]殷奇章.对YC6112ZLQ柴油机的性能研究[D].上海交通大学硕士学位论文.2000:12-15
[31]胡忠平.EQ4BTAA发动机中冷器的开发[D].华中科技大学硕士学位论文.2005,5:27-29
[32]王路海.增压中冷R系列柴油机的开发[D].天津大学硕士学位论文.2002,12:10-12
[33]李德钢.内燃机用中冷器、机油冷却器设计计算方法的研究[D].山东大学硕士学位论文.2001,12:25-33
[34]李艳红.直喷式柴油机的特性预测及参数优化[D].江苏大学硕士学位论文.2003:22-27
[35]Weiss J.发动机循环模拟在卡车发动机开发中的应用[J].国外内燃机,2004(5):41-43
[36]刘荣纯.高强化柴油机性能研究.中国铁道学会我国发展内燃机车40周年学术会议论文集.北京.1998:104-106.
[37]徐秀华,夏少华.模拟计算在发动机优化过程中的应用[J].现代车用动力.2002(3):22-24
[38]李彬轩,徐航,何文华.柴油机实时仿真中燃烧模型的建立[J].2001,19(2):148-152
[39]施光燕等.最优化方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社.1999
[40]宋龙甫,郑国世.B231发动机性能优化及循环模拟计算[J].内燃机工程.2006,27(1):76-80
[41]李艳红,蔡忆昔,王玉昆.柴油机工作过程参数优化方法及其应用[J].小型内燃机与摩托车.2003,32(5):28-30
[42]刘宇.基于GT-POWER的汽油机仿真及优化设计[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文.2006,11:33-47
[43]Ohata,Y.Ishida.Dynamic Cylinder Engine and Volumetric Efficiency of FourCylinder Engine.SAE Paper 820407
[44]W.Zucker,R,R.Maly.Evolution-Strategy Based,Fully Automatic NumericalOptimization of Gas-Exchange Systems for IC Engines.SAETECHNICAL PAPER SERIES:2001-01-0577
[45]吴锋,胡金龙.电喷汽油机进气管空气动态模型的仿真与试验研究[J].内燃机工程,2006(3)
[46]许元默,帅石金,王建昕.进气歧管对电喷汽油机充气效率的影响[J].内燃机学报.2004,25(1):28-34
[47]王应红.发动机废气涡轮增压[D].太原理工大学硕士学位论文.2004,4
[48]周文波.高原柴油机的涡轮增压技术研究[D].华中科技大学硕士学位论文.2004,5
[49]周瑞.涡轮增压柴油机建模与仿真的研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2005.6
[2]丘卓丹,余亚军,吴南,车用柴油机进气系统的研究发展[J].广西工学院学报.2001,6:54-57
[3]胡咏.柴油发动机进气道优化设计研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2004,5:1-3
[4]M.Takizawa,Tatsuo Uno et al.A Study of Gas Exchange Process Simulation of anAutomotive Multi-Cylinder Internal Combustion Engine.SAE 820410:594-610
[5]M.F.Harrison,P.T.Stanev,Measuring wave dynamics in IC engine intake systems.Journal of Sound and Vibration.269(2004):389-408
[6]R.J.Pearson,M.D.Bassett.Multi-dimensional wave propagation in pipe junctions.SAE 03-01-1999
[7]S.C.Low,P.C.Baruah.A Genernalized Computer Aided Design Package for I.C.EngineManifold System.SAE 810498:357-360
[8]M.A.Ceviz,Intake plenum volume and its influence on the engine performance,cyclic variability and emissions.Energy Conversion and Management 2006
[9]W.Zucker,R.R.Maly,Evolution-StrategyBased,FullyAutomatic,Nu-mericalOptimization of Gas-Exchange Systems for IC Engines,SAE TECHNICAL PAPERSERIES:2001-01-05:77
[10]邓康耀等.涡轮谐振增压系统的研究[J].内燃机工程.1989,4:3-10
[11]刘敬平.进气系统设计参数对多缸发动机充气效率--转速特性的影响[J].内燃机学报.1997,3:257-266
[12]王建昕等.EQ491电喷发动机进排气系统的匹配优化计算[J].车用发动机.1999,(6):12-17
[13]徐斌,史艳彬.发动机进气系统流动模拟与优化[J].内燃机工程.2005,8:12-15
[14]焦天民,周龙保.内燃机进气系统模拟计算新方法研究[J].车用发动机.2002,(1):5-7
[15]余兀.进气系统阻力对柴油机性能影响的试验研究[J].柴油机设计与制造.2006,(1):42-43
[16]张悠浩,何学良等.空气滤清器对脉冲增压及空气效率的影响[J].内燃机学报.1987,5(1):24-28
[17]姚小刚.用于微型计算机的四缸内燃机循环模拟程序研究[D].清华大学硕士论文.1984:1-20
[18]耿爱农.内燃机非定常流计算中分支管边界条件的探讨[J].广西大学学报.1996,21(1):32-34
[19]孙民等.MPC增压系统三分支流动计算模型研究[J].大连理工大学学报.1996,36(3):34-37
[20]G.P.Blair et al.An Improved Branched Pipe Model for Multi-cylinder AutomotiveEngine Calculations.PLME.1985,199(DI):47-49
[21]朱访君,吴坚.内燃机工作过程数值计算及其优化[M].北京:国防工业出版社.1997
[22]朱大鑫.涡轮增压与涡轮增压器[M].北京:机械工业出版社.1992
铩颷23]蒋德明.内燃机的涡轮增压[M].北京:机械工业出版社.1986
[24]顾宏中.涡轮增压柴油机性能研究[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社.1998
[25]J.B.Heywood.Internal combustion engine fundamentals[M].McGraw-Hill BookCompany.1988
[26]方适应.车用柴油机进排气系统流动特性研究[D].上海交通大学硕士学位论文.2001,1:8-11
[27]帕坦卡.传热与流体流动的数值计算[M].北京:科学出版社.1984
[28]范维澄,万跃鹏.流动及燃烧的模型与计算[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社.1992
[29]陶文铨.数值传热学[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社.1988
[30]殷奇章.对YC6112ZLQ柴油机的性能研究[D].上海交通大学硕士学位论文.2000:12-15
[31]胡忠平.EQ4BTAA发动机中冷器的开发[D].华中科技大学硕士学位论文.2005,5:27-29
[32]王路海.增压中冷R系列柴油机的开发[D].天津大学硕士学位论文.2002,12:10-12
[33]李德钢.内燃机用中冷器、机油冷却器设计计算方法的研究[D].山东大学硕士学位论文.2001,12:25-33
[34]李艳红.直喷式柴油机的特性预测及参数优化[D].江苏大学硕士学位论文.2003:22-27
[35]Weiss J.发动机循环模拟在卡车发动机开发中的应用[J].国外内燃机,2004(5):41-43
[36]刘荣纯.高强化柴油机性能研究.中国铁道学会我国发展内燃机车40周年学术会议论文集.北京.1998:104-106.
[37]徐秀华,夏少华.模拟计算在发动机优化过程中的应用[J].现代车用动力.2002(3):22-24
[38]李彬轩,徐航,何文华.柴油机实时仿真中燃烧模型的建立[J].2001,19(2):148-152
[39]施光燕等.最优化方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社.1999
[40]宋龙甫,郑国世.B231发动机性能优化及循环模拟计算[J].内燃机工程.2006,27(1):76-80
[41]李艳红,蔡忆昔,王玉昆.柴油机工作过程参数优化方法及其应用[J].小型内燃机与摩托车.2003,32(5):28-30
[42]刘宇.基于GT-POWER的汽油机仿真及优化设计[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文.2006,11:33-47
[43]Ohata,Y.Ishida.Dynamic Cylinder Engine and Volumetric Efficiency of FourCylinder Engine.SAE Paper 820407
[44]W.Zucker,R,R.Maly.Evolution-Strategy Based,Fully Automatic NumericalOptimization of Gas-Exchange Systems for IC Engines.SAETECHNICAL PAPER SERIES:2001-01-0577
[45]吴锋,胡金龙.电喷汽油机进气管空气动态模型的仿真与试验研究[J].内燃机工程,2006(3)
[46]许元默,帅石金,王建昕.进气歧管对电喷汽油机充气效率的影响[J].内燃机学报.2004,25(1):28-34
[47]王应红.发动机废气涡轮增压[D].太原理工大学硕士学位论文.2004,4
[48]周文波.高原柴油机的涡轮增压技术研究[D].华中科技大学硕士学位论文.2004,5
[49]周瑞.涡轮增压柴油机建模与仿真的研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2005.6