优化开发区域生产性服务业集聚研究
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摘要
我国已经确立了建设主体功能区的国家战略,优化开发区域作为主体功能区的重要发展区域,在推进形成工业化和城市化战略格局、提升城市空间开发效率、优化区域经济结构、保障民生福利等方面均发挥着举足轻重的作用。而随着第三产业占GDP比重的稳步提升,世界范围内出现了工业型经济向服务型经济转变的大趋势,服务业的发达程度也成为评价一个国家或地区发展水平的重要维度。鉴于服务业在转变经济增长方式、调整产业结构、扩大社会就业和改善民生等方面的显著作用,特别是生产性服务业在整个服务业中占有重要的地位,大力发展生产性服务业已成为我国走新型工业化、城市化道路的必然选择。未来我国国际竞争力的强弱也将很大程度上取决于生产性服务业的发展。一方面,生产性服务业的集聚和发展事关优化开发区域经济结构的升级,有利于化解优化开发区域的资源环境承载能力,可以充分体现我国优化开发区域的主体功能定位；另一方面,在优化开发区域功能区大力发展生产性服务业,可以充分利用优化开发区域的优势资源和高效空间开发格局,发挥优化开发区域在经济发展和参与国际竞争等方面的引领作用。由此可见,加强优化开发区域的主体功能建设和推进服务业科学发展这二者具有内在一致性。
鉴于当前国内对优化开发区域内生产性服务业发展的研究尚不多,从生产性服务业集聚方面来探索如何推动优化开发区域科学发展的研究也少之又少。为此,本文从中国主体功能区建设的实际出发,分析以长江三角洲地区为代表的优化开发区域及其服务业发展状况,探讨优化开发区域生产性服务业集聚影响因素和形成机制,通过运用区位熵、空间基尼系数、空间集聚指数三个衡量指标,对生产性服务业空间集聚情况进行测度,构建生产性服务业集聚绩效评价指标体系,并从优化开发区域政策规划视角,提出促进我国优化开发区域生产性服务业发展的政策建议,这对于我国进一步丰富主体功能区理论,完善服务业发展理论,推动生产性服务业的发展,以及提升优化开发区域的国际竞争力和全球影响力,都具有重要的理论意义和现实指导意义。
全文核心内容如下：
(1)揭示了优化开发区域生产性服务业集聚的机制。从产业协同、产业内部结构升级、产业创新、市场竞争、外商直接投资(FDI)与国际产业转移机制,以及政府调控机制等六方面,探索了生产性服务业集聚的基本机制；从人力资本、城市化、信息技术发展、工业化程度、产业关联度以及制度环境因素六个方面,研究总结了优化开发区域生产性服务业集聚的影响因素,并通过回归分析,全面系统验证了人力资本、城市化、信息技术发展、工业化程度、产业关联度以及制度环境六个影响因素与生产性服务业集聚的关联关系,通过构建关联模型,研究证实了人力资本对生产性服务业集聚的正面促进作用最大,城市化对生产性服务业集聚的正面促进作用最小,信息技术发展对生产性服务业集聚具有一定的抑制作用。
(2)构建了长三角地区生产性服务业集聚绩效评价指标体系。运用区位熵、空间基尼系数、空间集聚指数三个衡量指标对长三角地区服务业空间集聚情况进行了测度。研究发现,长三角地区14个细分行业中,以生产性服务业诸如信息传输等的集聚情况比较明显,专业化水平与集聚水平均高于其他类型的服务行业,其他服务行业诸如文化产业集聚化水平正逐渐提高。通过构建生产性服务业集聚的绩效评价指标,采用层次分析法对长三角地区生产性服务业空间集聚绩效进行综合评价。评价结果表明,在我国各大优化开发区域,长三角地区生产性服务业的空间集聚绩效水平较高,但相对于其他发达国家和地区而言,长三角地区生产性服务业的空间集聚绩效水平仍存在进一步优化的空间。
(3)以柯布—道格拉斯生产函数模型为基础,构建了长三角地区生产性服务业集聚效率评价的投入产出指标体系,采用DEA模型对长三角地区生产性服务业集聚效率进行了评价,评价结果表明,长三角地区生产性服务业整体空间开发效率处于良好状态,长三角地区生产性服务业集聚的短板主要在于科技投入不足、资源投入结构不合理。
(4)结合我国长三角优化开发区域生产性服务业发展面临的瓶颈,从财税政策、投融资政策、产业政策、土地政策、人才政策、科技创新政策、市场政策、区域合作与对外开放政策等8个方面给出了优化开发区域生产性服务业发展的政策支持建议。希望藉此推动优化开发区域生产性服务业集聚,推进工业化和城市化进程,提升我国参与全球分工与竞争的层次,以龙头地位引领全国经济社会科学发展。
The national strategy to build main functional regions has been established in our country. The optimization of development area, an important field of developing the main functional regions, is essential for promoting the formation of industrialization and urbanization strategy pattern, improving the efficiency of urban space utilization, optimizing the regional economic structure, ensuring the welfare of our nation. With the steady increase of tertiary industry in GDP, the transformation of industrial economy into service-oriented economy has become a worldwide tendency and the development level has become an important dimension to evaluate the service industry of a country and a region. In view of the remarkable effect of service industry in transformation of economic growth mode, adjustment of industrial structure, employment expansion and livelihood improvement, and the crucial status of producer services in service industry, the development of producer services has already become an inevitable choice for our country to realize industrialization and urbanization. Obviously, the international competitiveness of future China will also depends on the development of producer services. On the one hand, the development of producer services is related to the promotion of regional economic structure, is conducive to optimize the capacity of resources and environment and fully displays the main functional orientation of optimizing development area. On the other hand, in order to develop the service industry in development area, we can make the full use of preponderant resources and efficient space development pattern and display the leading role of optimization of development area in economic development and international competition. Therefore, to strengthen the construction of main function in the development area and to promote the scientific developments of service industry have inherent consistency.
However, few studies focus on the optimization of the development of producer services in the development area and fewer studies mention about the agglomeration of producer services. In consideration of the construction of main functional region, we analyze the optimization of development area and its service industry in the Yangtze river delta region, discuss the effective factors and the basic mechanism of the optimization of producer services agglomeration in the development area, and use location entropy, spatial gini coefficient, spatial agglomeration index to measure of the producer services agglomeration situation, to build a performance evaluation index for producer services, and to propose suggestions on the producer services from the view of optimization of development area. Our study play important roles in enriching the theory of main functional region, improving the theory of service industry development, promoting the development of producer services, optimizing the international competitiveness and global influence. The main results are listed as follows:
(1) The thesis reveals the mechanism of the producer services agglomeration. To explore the basic mechanism of producer services agglomeration, we consider about six aspects, including industrial coordination, industrial structure upgrade, industrial innovation, market competition, foreign direct investment (FDI) and translocation mechanism of international industry, as well as the government regulation mechanism. Moreover, considering about the human capital development, urbanization, information technology, industrial connection and the institutional environment factors, we studies the influencing factors in formation of the mechanism of producer services' optimization; and through the regression analysis, we verify the relationship of between human capital development, urbanization, information technology and the institutional environment and producer services. In addition, by building a correlation model, the positive promotion effect of human capital on producer services agglomeration is the largest and the positive role of urbanization in producer services agglomeration is the least. Beside, the development of information technology has a certain inhibitory effect on producer services agglomeration.
(2) The thesis builds the performance evaluation system for the agglomeration of service industry in Yangtze river delta. By using the location entropy, spatial gini coefficient and spatial agglomeration index to measure special agglomeration situation of service industry in Yangtze river delta. In14segmentation industries such as information transmission, the situation of agglomeration is obvious. The level of professionalization and agglomeration are higher than other types of service industry, and the level of culture agglomeration is gradually increased. By building performance evaluation index of producer services agglomeration, we use analytic hierarchy process (ahp) to evaluate the performance of spatial agglomeration on producer services. The results show that the spatial agglomeration level of producer services in Yangtze river delta is higher (2.2). However, as compared with ohter developed countries and regions, the spatial agglomeration level of producer services in the Yangtze river delta still have a space to get further optimization.
(3) On the basis of the cobb-Douglas production function model, the thesis builds the input-output index system with efficiency evaluation of producer services agglomeration in Yangtze river delta region. We use the DEA model to evaluate the agglomeration efficiency of producer services in the Yangtze river delta region. The results show that the efficiency of whole space development of producer services in Yangtze river delta is in good condition. But we also find the disadvantage of producer services'agglomeration mainly lies in the lack of science and technology investment and unreasonable resources structure in Yangtze river delta.
(4) Basing on the bottleneck of producer services'development in Yangtze river delta region, we put forward eight suggestions for the development of Yangtze river delta region from the fiscal and taxation policy, investment and financing policy, industrial policy, land policy, talent policy, science and technology innovation policy, market, regional cooperation policy and the open-up policy. In order to promote the agglomeration of producer services in development area,promote the industrialization and urbanization, promote our country to participate in global division of labor and the level of the competition, and lead the national economic and social scientific development.
鉴于当前国内对优化开发区域内生产性服务业发展的研究尚不多,从生产性服务业集聚方面来探索如何推动优化开发区域科学发展的研究也少之又少。为此,本文从中国主体功能区建设的实际出发,分析以长江三角洲地区为代表的优化开发区域及其服务业发展状况,探讨优化开发区域生产性服务业集聚影响因素和形成机制,通过运用区位熵、空间基尼系数、空间集聚指数三个衡量指标,对生产性服务业空间集聚情况进行测度,构建生产性服务业集聚绩效评价指标体系,并从优化开发区域政策规划视角,提出促进我国优化开发区域生产性服务业发展的政策建议,这对于我国进一步丰富主体功能区理论,完善服务业发展理论,推动生产性服务业的发展,以及提升优化开发区域的国际竞争力和全球影响力,都具有重要的理论意义和现实指导意义。
全文核心内容如下：
(1)揭示了优化开发区域生产性服务业集聚的机制。从产业协同、产业内部结构升级、产业创新、市场竞争、外商直接投资(FDI)与国际产业转移机制,以及政府调控机制等六方面,探索了生产性服务业集聚的基本机制；从人力资本、城市化、信息技术发展、工业化程度、产业关联度以及制度环境因素六个方面,研究总结了优化开发区域生产性服务业集聚的影响因素,并通过回归分析,全面系统验证了人力资本、城市化、信息技术发展、工业化程度、产业关联度以及制度环境六个影响因素与生产性服务业集聚的关联关系,通过构建关联模型,研究证实了人力资本对生产性服务业集聚的正面促进作用最大,城市化对生产性服务业集聚的正面促进作用最小,信息技术发展对生产性服务业集聚具有一定的抑制作用。
(2)构建了长三角地区生产性服务业集聚绩效评价指标体系。运用区位熵、空间基尼系数、空间集聚指数三个衡量指标对长三角地区服务业空间集聚情况进行了测度。研究发现,长三角地区14个细分行业中,以生产性服务业诸如信息传输等的集聚情况比较明显,专业化水平与集聚水平均高于其他类型的服务行业,其他服务行业诸如文化产业集聚化水平正逐渐提高。通过构建生产性服务业集聚的绩效评价指标,采用层次分析法对长三角地区生产性服务业空间集聚绩效进行综合评价。评价结果表明,在我国各大优化开发区域,长三角地区生产性服务业的空间集聚绩效水平较高,但相对于其他发达国家和地区而言,长三角地区生产性服务业的空间集聚绩效水平仍存在进一步优化的空间。
(3)以柯布—道格拉斯生产函数模型为基础,构建了长三角地区生产性服务业集聚效率评价的投入产出指标体系,采用DEA模型对长三角地区生产性服务业集聚效率进行了评价,评价结果表明,长三角地区生产性服务业整体空间开发效率处于良好状态,长三角地区生产性服务业集聚的短板主要在于科技投入不足、资源投入结构不合理。
(4)结合我国长三角优化开发区域生产性服务业发展面临的瓶颈,从财税政策、投融资政策、产业政策、土地政策、人才政策、科技创新政策、市场政策、区域合作与对外开放政策等8个方面给出了优化开发区域生产性服务业发展的政策支持建议。希望藉此推动优化开发区域生产性服务业集聚,推进工业化和城市化进程,提升我国参与全球分工与竞争的层次,以龙头地位引领全国经济社会科学发展。
The national strategy to build main functional regions has been established in our country. The optimization of development area, an important field of developing the main functional regions, is essential for promoting the formation of industrialization and urbanization strategy pattern, improving the efficiency of urban space utilization, optimizing the regional economic structure, ensuring the welfare of our nation. With the steady increase of tertiary industry in GDP, the transformation of industrial economy into service-oriented economy has become a worldwide tendency and the development level has become an important dimension to evaluate the service industry of a country and a region. In view of the remarkable effect of service industry in transformation of economic growth mode, adjustment of industrial structure, employment expansion and livelihood improvement, and the crucial status of producer services in service industry, the development of producer services has already become an inevitable choice for our country to realize industrialization and urbanization. Obviously, the international competitiveness of future China will also depends on the development of producer services. On the one hand, the development of producer services is related to the promotion of regional economic structure, is conducive to optimize the capacity of resources and environment and fully displays the main functional orientation of optimizing development area. On the other hand, in order to develop the service industry in development area, we can make the full use of preponderant resources and efficient space development pattern and display the leading role of optimization of development area in economic development and international competition. Therefore, to strengthen the construction of main function in the development area and to promote the scientific developments of service industry have inherent consistency.
However, few studies focus on the optimization of the development of producer services in the development area and fewer studies mention about the agglomeration of producer services. In consideration of the construction of main functional region, we analyze the optimization of development area and its service industry in the Yangtze river delta region, discuss the effective factors and the basic mechanism of the optimization of producer services agglomeration in the development area, and use location entropy, spatial gini coefficient, spatial agglomeration index to measure of the producer services agglomeration situation, to build a performance evaluation index for producer services, and to propose suggestions on the producer services from the view of optimization of development area. Our study play important roles in enriching the theory of main functional region, improving the theory of service industry development, promoting the development of producer services, optimizing the international competitiveness and global influence. The main results are listed as follows:
(1) The thesis reveals the mechanism of the producer services agglomeration. To explore the basic mechanism of producer services agglomeration, we consider about six aspects, including industrial coordination, industrial structure upgrade, industrial innovation, market competition, foreign direct investment (FDI) and translocation mechanism of international industry, as well as the government regulation mechanism. Moreover, considering about the human capital development, urbanization, information technology, industrial connection and the institutional environment factors, we studies the influencing factors in formation of the mechanism of producer services' optimization; and through the regression analysis, we verify the relationship of between human capital development, urbanization, information technology and the institutional environment and producer services. In addition, by building a correlation model, the positive promotion effect of human capital on producer services agglomeration is the largest and the positive role of urbanization in producer services agglomeration is the least. Beside, the development of information technology has a certain inhibitory effect on producer services agglomeration.
(2) The thesis builds the performance evaluation system for the agglomeration of service industry in Yangtze river delta. By using the location entropy, spatial gini coefficient and spatial agglomeration index to measure special agglomeration situation of service industry in Yangtze river delta. In14segmentation industries such as information transmission, the situation of agglomeration is obvious. The level of professionalization and agglomeration are higher than other types of service industry, and the level of culture agglomeration is gradually increased. By building performance evaluation index of producer services agglomeration, we use analytic hierarchy process (ahp) to evaluate the performance of spatial agglomeration on producer services. The results show that the spatial agglomeration level of producer services in Yangtze river delta is higher (2.2). However, as compared with ohter developed countries and regions, the spatial agglomeration level of producer services in the Yangtze river delta still have a space to get further optimization.
(3) On the basis of the cobb-Douglas production function model, the thesis builds the input-output index system with efficiency evaluation of producer services agglomeration in Yangtze river delta region. We use the DEA model to evaluate the agglomeration efficiency of producer services in the Yangtze river delta region. The results show that the efficiency of whole space development of producer services in Yangtze river delta is in good condition. But we also find the disadvantage of producer services'agglomeration mainly lies in the lack of science and technology investment and unreasonable resources structure in Yangtze river delta.
(4) Basing on the bottleneck of producer services'development in Yangtze river delta region, we put forward eight suggestions for the development of Yangtze river delta region from the fiscal and taxation policy, investment and financing policy, industrial policy, land policy, talent policy, science and technology innovation policy, market, regional cooperation policy and the open-up policy. In order to promote the agglomeration of producer services in development area,promote the industrialization and urbanization, promote our country to participate in global division of labor and the level of the competition, and lead the national economic and social scientific development.
引文
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