广东省“珠中江”城市群生态系统健康评价
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摘要
随着社会经济的迅速发展,人类对于地球及其生存环境的影响程度和范围日益加剧,因此而导致的各种环境及生态问题日渐增多。为了应对生态危机并最大限度的维护生态系统健康水平,对于生态系统健康的研究越来越引起众多学者的高度重视。虽然目前学术界还没有对生态系统健康的研究形成一个完善的理论体系,但是通过对生态系统健康评价研究,可以为区域的生态系统健康状况提供科学认识,为制定区域生态系统健康政策提供参考依据。
本文以生态系统健康理论为研究基础和指导思想,借鉴自然生态学中的“V-O-R”评价模型,结合珠海市、中山市和江门市的现状,选取19个评价指标,构建了包括活力、组织力、恢复力、系统服务功能和人群健康等五个要素在内的指标体系。针对珠海市、中山市和江门市三个评价对象,采用层次分析法和多因子综合评价模型,对“珠中江”城市群生态系统健康进行了综合评价。结果如下:
(1)以城市生态系统健康理论为指导,结合“珠中江”城市群社会、经济和环境等各种现实状况,建立了“珠中江”城市群生态系统健康评价指标体系,分为目标层、准则层和指标层等三个层次。参考国内外相关指标值以及相关资料设置基准值,设定“珠中江”城市群生态系统健康的评价方法。
(2)通过研究区城市生态系统健康状况评价结果的对比分析得知,三个城市中,生态系统健康状况最好的是珠海市,其次是中山市,再次是江门市。利用多因子综合评价模型计算得出准则层五个因素的健康指数得分,珠海、中山和江门三市的分别为:0.8348、0.7779和0.7574。其健康等级均处于健康水平,反映“珠中江”城市群生态系统总体上处于健康状态,区域生态系统健康水平的高低是由社会服务功能、经济发展水平、居民幸福程度、能源综合利用率、产业结构以及环境保护等多种因素综合作用的结果。
(3)影响“珠中江”城市群生态系统健康状况的有利因素是人群健康、系统服务功能和恢复力,不利因素是活力和组织力。说明“珠中江”地区居民的幸福指数相对较高,社会及自然的服务功能比较完善,能源的循环利用效率高,环境保护效果比较好。但该区域的产业结构有待进一步调整和升级。
(4)从评价准则层的健康指数得分可见,珠海市在活力、组织力、系统服务功能和人群健康等的健康指数得分均为最高,其恢复力得分最低;江门市在活力、组织力和系统服务功能等的健康指数得分最低,其恢复力和人群健康得分稍高;中山市的恢复力得分最高,人群健康得分最低,其他因素得分在三市中处于中等水平。
With the the quick development on society, economy, science and technology, the degree of effect that human beings have on the earth and the living environment is increasingly aggravated, hence there are more and more various environmental and ecological problems. To deal with ecological crisis and mainten health of ecosystem to the full extent, researches on health of ecosystem have been attached more and more importance by scholars. Although academic circles haven't established a complete theoretical system on the health of ecosystem researches at present , scientific understanding of the situation of regional ecosystem health, and then reference basis on which policy about regional ecosystem health should made, can be provided.
Based on the theory of ecosystem health,through the ecosystem health assessment study for area, borrowing ideas of "V-O-R" evaluation model in natural ecology, considering recent conditions of Zhuhai and Zhongshan and Jiangmen, 19 evaluation indexes are selected, a index system including energy, building organizational strength, resilience, system service function and people health are established.Zhuhai, Zhongshan and Jiangmen were selected as three evaluation units, and ecosystem health of this urban agglomeration were comprehensively evaluated under the analytic hierarchy process and the multiple factor model,have evaluated about the ecosystem health of "Zhuhai-Zhongshan-Jiangmen" urban agglomeration.The findings are as follows:
(1) With the theory of urban ecosystem health as the guide, according to social, economic and environmental, etc. various condition of "Zhuhai-Zhongshan-Jiangmen" urban agglomeration, "Zhuhai-Zhongshan-Jiangmen" urban agglomeration ecosystem health evaluation index system was established, which is divided into target layer, criterion layer and index layer 3 levels. With relevant index and related data from domestic and overseas for reference, a "Zhuhai-Zhongshan-Jiangmen" urban agglomeration ecosystem health evaluation method was formed.
(2) Through comparative analysis on spatial characteristics of condition of the urban ecosystem health, it can be seen that among the three cities, the healthiest ecosystem is Zhongshan, then followed Zhuhai, the last is Jiangmen. City health comprehensive values of Zhuhai and Zhongshan and Jiangmen are respectively 0.8348, 0.7779 and 0.7574. According to health hierarchies standard, the three cities are healthy in general, the ecological systems of "Zhuhai-Zhongshan-Jiangmen" urban agglomeration are in healthy status in general, level of a regional ecosystem health is the result of comprehensive effect of many factors such as social service function, economic development level, residents happiness degree, energy comprehensive utilization of environmental protection, industrial structure.
(3) the favorable factors of the ecosystem health situation in "Zhuhai-Zhongshan-Jiangmen" urban agglomerationis are crowd health, system service function and restoring force, adverse factors is the vigor and organizational force. happiness index of residents here is relatively high, social and natural service function is comparatively perfect, energy of recycling use is in high efficiency, effect of environmental protection is good. Therefore, the regional industrial structure need further adjustment and upgrading.
(4) The index of evaluation criteria layer from scoring visible, the results showed that in Zhuhai the comprehensive index score in vigor, organizational force, system service function and the health is the highest, but health index is minimum;In Jiangmen, vigor, organizational force and system service function of health comprehensive index scored the lowest, restoring force and crowd health score are higher;In Zhongshan, restoring force health comprehensive index scores highest, crowd health are in the lowest score, and other factors are in the medium level among the three cities.
本文以生态系统健康理论为研究基础和指导思想,借鉴自然生态学中的“V-O-R”评价模型,结合珠海市、中山市和江门市的现状,选取19个评价指标,构建了包括活力、组织力、恢复力、系统服务功能和人群健康等五个要素在内的指标体系。针对珠海市、中山市和江门市三个评价对象,采用层次分析法和多因子综合评价模型,对“珠中江”城市群生态系统健康进行了综合评价。结果如下:
(1)以城市生态系统健康理论为指导,结合“珠中江”城市群社会、经济和环境等各种现实状况,建立了“珠中江”城市群生态系统健康评价指标体系,分为目标层、准则层和指标层等三个层次。参考国内外相关指标值以及相关资料设置基准值,设定“珠中江”城市群生态系统健康的评价方法。
(2)通过研究区城市生态系统健康状况评价结果的对比分析得知,三个城市中,生态系统健康状况最好的是珠海市,其次是中山市,再次是江门市。利用多因子综合评价模型计算得出准则层五个因素的健康指数得分,珠海、中山和江门三市的分别为:0.8348、0.7779和0.7574。其健康等级均处于健康水平,反映“珠中江”城市群生态系统总体上处于健康状态,区域生态系统健康水平的高低是由社会服务功能、经济发展水平、居民幸福程度、能源综合利用率、产业结构以及环境保护等多种因素综合作用的结果。
(3)影响“珠中江”城市群生态系统健康状况的有利因素是人群健康、系统服务功能和恢复力,不利因素是活力和组织力。说明“珠中江”地区居民的幸福指数相对较高,社会及自然的服务功能比较完善,能源的循环利用效率高,环境保护效果比较好。但该区域的产业结构有待进一步调整和升级。
(4)从评价准则层的健康指数得分可见,珠海市在活力、组织力、系统服务功能和人群健康等的健康指数得分均为最高,其恢复力得分最低;江门市在活力、组织力和系统服务功能等的健康指数得分最低,其恢复力和人群健康得分稍高;中山市的恢复力得分最高,人群健康得分最低,其他因素得分在三市中处于中等水平。
With the the quick development on society, economy, science and technology, the degree of effect that human beings have on the earth and the living environment is increasingly aggravated, hence there are more and more various environmental and ecological problems. To deal with ecological crisis and mainten health of ecosystem to the full extent, researches on health of ecosystem have been attached more and more importance by scholars. Although academic circles haven't established a complete theoretical system on the health of ecosystem researches at present , scientific understanding of the situation of regional ecosystem health, and then reference basis on which policy about regional ecosystem health should made, can be provided.
Based on the theory of ecosystem health,through the ecosystem health assessment study for area, borrowing ideas of "V-O-R" evaluation model in natural ecology, considering recent conditions of Zhuhai and Zhongshan and Jiangmen, 19 evaluation indexes are selected, a index system including energy, building organizational strength, resilience, system service function and people health are established.Zhuhai, Zhongshan and Jiangmen were selected as three evaluation units, and ecosystem health of this urban agglomeration were comprehensively evaluated under the analytic hierarchy process and the multiple factor model,have evaluated about the ecosystem health of "Zhuhai-Zhongshan-Jiangmen" urban agglomeration.The findings are as follows:
(1) With the theory of urban ecosystem health as the guide, according to social, economic and environmental, etc. various condition of "Zhuhai-Zhongshan-Jiangmen" urban agglomeration, "Zhuhai-Zhongshan-Jiangmen" urban agglomeration ecosystem health evaluation index system was established, which is divided into target layer, criterion layer and index layer 3 levels. With relevant index and related data from domestic and overseas for reference, a "Zhuhai-Zhongshan-Jiangmen" urban agglomeration ecosystem health evaluation method was formed.
(2) Through comparative analysis on spatial characteristics of condition of the urban ecosystem health, it can be seen that among the three cities, the healthiest ecosystem is Zhongshan, then followed Zhuhai, the last is Jiangmen. City health comprehensive values of Zhuhai and Zhongshan and Jiangmen are respectively 0.8348, 0.7779 and 0.7574. According to health hierarchies standard, the three cities are healthy in general, the ecological systems of "Zhuhai-Zhongshan-Jiangmen" urban agglomeration are in healthy status in general, level of a regional ecosystem health is the result of comprehensive effect of many factors such as social service function, economic development level, residents happiness degree, energy comprehensive utilization of environmental protection, industrial structure.
(3) the favorable factors of the ecosystem health situation in "Zhuhai-Zhongshan-Jiangmen" urban agglomerationis are crowd health, system service function and restoring force, adverse factors is the vigor and organizational force. happiness index of residents here is relatively high, social and natural service function is comparatively perfect, energy of recycling use is in high efficiency, effect of environmental protection is good. Therefore, the regional industrial structure need further adjustment and upgrading.
(4) The index of evaluation criteria layer from scoring visible, the results showed that in Zhuhai the comprehensive index score in vigor, organizational force, system service function and the health is the highest, but health index is minimum;In Jiangmen, vigor, organizational force and system service function of health comprehensive index scored the lowest, restoring force and crowd health score are higher;In Zhongshan, restoring force health comprehensive index scores highest, crowd health are in the lowest score, and other factors are in the medium level among the three cities.
引文
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