SBR单级好氧生物除磷机理研究
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摘要
磷是生物的重要营养源,但水体中磷含量过多,将引起水体富营养化。因此,稳定、可靠、经济的除磷方法与工艺对日趋严重的水体富营养化问题显得十分重要。与化学法除磷相比,生物法因具有运行成本低、环境二次污染小等优点,逐渐受到各国学者的青睐。
虽然厌氧/好氧生物除磷工艺已广泛应用于实际污水的处理中,但其在长期运行过程中的稳定性和可靠性始终不能令人满意。即使在运行条件看起来非常适合强化生物除磷的工况下,系统的除磷性能也会由于暴雨、硝酸盐浓度、进水成分等外部因素的干扰而急剧降低,甚至完全丧失除磷能力。此外,此工艺对污水中短链挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)的强烈依赖制约着传统厌氧/好氧生物除磷工艺的进一步推广及应用。当污水中VFA不足时,需要向污水中补充VFA或者投加化学药剂以保证良好的除磷效果,这大大增加了污水处理的运行成本,成为厌氧/好氧工艺应用于低VFA废水生物除磷的关键制约点。
本文作者的前期研究发现,在处理用葡萄糖作为单一碳源的模拟生活污水时,SBR在进水后未经过厌氧段而直接曝气,仍能达到良好的除磷效果,并将其命名为单级好氧除磷工艺。此发现能丰富现有的生物除磷理论,并可能开发出一种经济、简单的生物除磷工艺,即通过“一步氧化法”实现有机物与磷的同步去除,具有重要的理论与实践意义。然而,前期研究尚处于初级探索阶段,此现象背后隐藏的一系列关键问题并没有得到解决。因此,本课题在国家自然科学基金的资助下,为揭示单级好氧生物除磷工艺中存在的特殊除磷机制,进行了一系列应用基础研究。
研究结果表明:SBR无厌氧段可以有效实现磷的去除这一反常的实验现象是污泥中某些微生物过量吸收的结果;采用蛋白胨、乙酸钠、乙醇和葡萄糖作为不同的废水碳源时,单级好氧工艺均能实现不同程度的生物聚磷;微生物群落结构分析表明,单级好氧生物除磷系统拥有丰富的微生物群落结构,但传统的聚磷菌在驯化成熟后的生态系统中处于劣势地位,在此系统中占主导地位的微生物为菌胶团类细菌,单级好氧除磷工艺中的聚磷微生物极有可能是菌胶团类细菌(Zooglea sp.)。此外,作者从细胞代谢的物质能量水平的角度揭示了单级好氧工艺出现超量摄磷的条件、原因、聚磷机制以及碳源对除磷性能的影响机理等关键问题。
本课题研究揭示了一种实际存在但又未被发现的微生物环境响应,对生物圈的磷元素的循环具有重要意义,研究结果丰富了现有的生物除磷理论,并可能开发出一种简单的除磷工艺,具有重要的理论意义和广阔的应用前景。
Phosphate (Pi) is important nutrition for biology, but excessive Pi supply to water will lead to ecosystem balance through a process known as eutrophication. Therefore, efficient and reliable Pi removal methods are very important to the increasingly stringent problem of eutrophication. Compared to chemical Pi removal, biological Pi removal has attracted more researchers’attention due to its lower operational cost and lower environmental impact.
Although anaerobic/aerobic (A/O) process is widely applied in real wastewater treatment, the stability and reliability of the process can be still a problem. Even operated under seemingly favorable operational conditions, deterioration in performance and even failures of A/O systems have been widely reported in literatures due to external disturbances such as high rainfall, excessive nitrate loading to the anaerobic reactor, or nutrient limitation. Moreover, the strong dependence on volatile fatty acids (VFAs) of wastewater restricts its further application. When the VFAs concentrations of wastewater are low, periodic organic matter supplementation and/or chemical“polishing”may be required to attain compliance, as a result, the operational cost increased.
Our recent study on possible alternatives to the conventional A/O process has demonstrated that it is possible to increase the level of Pi removal using glucose as the sole carbon source without anaerobic period, and defined this as single-stage oxic process. The phenomena may enrich the theory of biological Pi removal and form a potentially economical and simple strategy for the“one-step”removal of Pi and organic substrates from wastewater. However, the former investigation is just primary exploration, a series of key questions behind the phenomenon are not solved. Thus, to reveal the special mechanism of polyphosphate accumulation under single-stage oxic process, this problem conducts a series of application basic researches financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
The results showed that excess uptake by some organisms in activated sludge caused the abnormal phenomenon of phosphorus removal in sequencing batch reactor without anaerobic period, and this process could achieve biological phosphorus removal to a certain extent when respectively used peptone, acetate, ethanol and glucose as a sole carbon source. The bacterial community structure analysis showed that the systems had complexity and diversity of microbial ecology in the sludge samples, and indicated that high levels of Pi removal in systems were not achieved by the accepted PAO during steady operation period but most likely by Zooglea sp.. Also, metabolic pathways of Zooglea sp. were carried out to explain the key questions of inducing condition, inducing reason, mechanism of polyphosphate uptake and effect mechanism of carbon source on phosphate uptake etc.
The research of this program posts the existence of a significant, yet previously unrecognized, microbial response to nutrient limitation which may be of importance for phosphate-cycling in the biosphere. The research results enrich the current theory of biological phosphorus removal, may exploit a potentially simple strategy for Pi removal. Therefore, this study has important theory meaning and wide apply foreground.
虽然厌氧/好氧生物除磷工艺已广泛应用于实际污水的处理中,但其在长期运行过程中的稳定性和可靠性始终不能令人满意。即使在运行条件看起来非常适合强化生物除磷的工况下,系统的除磷性能也会由于暴雨、硝酸盐浓度、进水成分等外部因素的干扰而急剧降低,甚至完全丧失除磷能力。此外,此工艺对污水中短链挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)的强烈依赖制约着传统厌氧/好氧生物除磷工艺的进一步推广及应用。当污水中VFA不足时,需要向污水中补充VFA或者投加化学药剂以保证良好的除磷效果,这大大增加了污水处理的运行成本,成为厌氧/好氧工艺应用于低VFA废水生物除磷的关键制约点。
本文作者的前期研究发现,在处理用葡萄糖作为单一碳源的模拟生活污水时,SBR在进水后未经过厌氧段而直接曝气,仍能达到良好的除磷效果,并将其命名为单级好氧除磷工艺。此发现能丰富现有的生物除磷理论,并可能开发出一种经济、简单的生物除磷工艺,即通过“一步氧化法”实现有机物与磷的同步去除,具有重要的理论与实践意义。然而,前期研究尚处于初级探索阶段,此现象背后隐藏的一系列关键问题并没有得到解决。因此,本课题在国家自然科学基金的资助下,为揭示单级好氧生物除磷工艺中存在的特殊除磷机制,进行了一系列应用基础研究。
研究结果表明:SBR无厌氧段可以有效实现磷的去除这一反常的实验现象是污泥中某些微生物过量吸收的结果;采用蛋白胨、乙酸钠、乙醇和葡萄糖作为不同的废水碳源时,单级好氧工艺均能实现不同程度的生物聚磷;微生物群落结构分析表明,单级好氧生物除磷系统拥有丰富的微生物群落结构,但传统的聚磷菌在驯化成熟后的生态系统中处于劣势地位,在此系统中占主导地位的微生物为菌胶团类细菌,单级好氧除磷工艺中的聚磷微生物极有可能是菌胶团类细菌(Zooglea sp.)。此外,作者从细胞代谢的物质能量水平的角度揭示了单级好氧工艺出现超量摄磷的条件、原因、聚磷机制以及碳源对除磷性能的影响机理等关键问题。
本课题研究揭示了一种实际存在但又未被发现的微生物环境响应,对生物圈的磷元素的循环具有重要意义,研究结果丰富了现有的生物除磷理论,并可能开发出一种简单的除磷工艺,具有重要的理论意义和广阔的应用前景。
Phosphate (Pi) is important nutrition for biology, but excessive Pi supply to water will lead to ecosystem balance through a process known as eutrophication. Therefore, efficient and reliable Pi removal methods are very important to the increasingly stringent problem of eutrophication. Compared to chemical Pi removal, biological Pi removal has attracted more researchers’attention due to its lower operational cost and lower environmental impact.
Although anaerobic/aerobic (A/O) process is widely applied in real wastewater treatment, the stability and reliability of the process can be still a problem. Even operated under seemingly favorable operational conditions, deterioration in performance and even failures of A/O systems have been widely reported in literatures due to external disturbances such as high rainfall, excessive nitrate loading to the anaerobic reactor, or nutrient limitation. Moreover, the strong dependence on volatile fatty acids (VFAs) of wastewater restricts its further application. When the VFAs concentrations of wastewater are low, periodic organic matter supplementation and/or chemical“polishing”may be required to attain compliance, as a result, the operational cost increased.
Our recent study on possible alternatives to the conventional A/O process has demonstrated that it is possible to increase the level of Pi removal using glucose as the sole carbon source without anaerobic period, and defined this as single-stage oxic process. The phenomena may enrich the theory of biological Pi removal and form a potentially economical and simple strategy for the“one-step”removal of Pi and organic substrates from wastewater. However, the former investigation is just primary exploration, a series of key questions behind the phenomenon are not solved. Thus, to reveal the special mechanism of polyphosphate accumulation under single-stage oxic process, this problem conducts a series of application basic researches financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
The results showed that excess uptake by some organisms in activated sludge caused the abnormal phenomenon of phosphorus removal in sequencing batch reactor without anaerobic period, and this process could achieve biological phosphorus removal to a certain extent when respectively used peptone, acetate, ethanol and glucose as a sole carbon source. The bacterial community structure analysis showed that the systems had complexity and diversity of microbial ecology in the sludge samples, and indicated that high levels of Pi removal in systems were not achieved by the accepted PAO during steady operation period but most likely by Zooglea sp.. Also, metabolic pathways of Zooglea sp. were carried out to explain the key questions of inducing condition, inducing reason, mechanism of polyphosphate uptake and effect mechanism of carbon source on phosphate uptake etc.
The research of this program posts the existence of a significant, yet previously unrecognized, microbial response to nutrient limitation which may be of importance for phosphate-cycling in the biosphere. The research results enrich the current theory of biological phosphorus removal, may exploit a potentially simple strategy for Pi removal. Therefore, this study has important theory meaning and wide apply foreground.
引文
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